Pavlovsk (until 1711 - Osered) is a city in Russia, the
administrative center of the Pavlovsky district of the Voronezh region.
The municipality forms the urban settlement of the city of Pavlovsk as
the only settlement in its composition.
The city is included in
the list of historical cities of Russia. Population - 22,384 people.
(2021).
There are 43 architectural monuments in Pavlovsk, 7 of which are of
federal significance.
The settlement of Pavlovskoye is located 2
km from the city of Pavlovsk. The Golden Horde name of the settlement is
unknown, no excavations were carried out. The monument covers an area of
about 15 hectares
Museums
Pavlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore (located in the
house of the merchant Odintsov)
Museum of the Navy
Cinemas
"Motherland"
Houses of Culture
District Palace of Culture
"Sovremennik"
There are currently two Orthodox churches in the
city of the Pavlovsk deanery of the Rossoshan diocese of the
Voronezh-Borisoglebsk Metropolis of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Kazan Temple
Intercession Church
It is also planned to restore the
Transfiguration Cathedral, converted in Soviet times into a district
cultural center.
The city is located on the left bank of the Don, at the confluence of
the Osered River, 156 km from Voronezh. Not far from the city there is a
ship grove called Shipova Dubrava.
The M4 Don highway (free
section) runs directly through the city. Outside the city, the road
width is 1+1, inside the city - 2+2. Since 2020, a bypass toll section
of the M4 highway has been opened, bypassing Pavlovsk and the village of
Losevo.
The climate of Pavlovsk is temperate continental, with moderately
frosty, often thawed winters and hot, humid summers. Summer temperatures
are on average a degree higher than in Voronezh, and annual
precipitation is less.
This is one of the hottest cities in the
region, which is confirmed by its geographical location; for example, in
September 2008, Pavlovsk renewed its absolute autumn maximum: September
7 +34.4 ° C; On August 25, 2007 the temperature reached +38.9° C.
The city was founded in 1709 by Peter I as a military shipyard (moved
from Voronezh) and a Russian fortress. The fortress was built by Swedes
captured near Poltava.
During the Peter the Great period of
Russia, the Third Department of the Siege Park was stationed in Osered
with the combat mission of defense against the Ottoman Empire, and the
rafting of artillery along the Don and Azov.
Until 1711 it was
called Osered. The Oseredi fortress was renamed Novopavlovskaya by
decree of the tsar after the unsuccessful Prut campaign in memory of the
fortress of St. Paul ceded to the Turks on the Sea of Azov. In the same
year, the fortress received the status of a city and began to be called
Pavlovsk. Warships were built at the Pavlovsk shipyard, and the Russian
fleet was born. Cannon and foundry factories were built, rope and wool
factories were opened. The city at that time was called small St.
Petersburg. In 1779, Pavlovsk received the status of a county town. In
1781, the city’s coat of arms was approved - a silver shield with the
image of St. Paul the Apostle.
In the 18th-19th centuries, the
city gradually lost its former importance, but remained one of the most
comfortable cities in the Voronezh province. At the end of the 18th
century, the city was practically destroyed by four large fires. After
the fires, several stone buildings and trees planted by Peter I
survived. In 1861, 5 thousand people lived in the city. In 1871, the
construction of the Voronezh - Rostov railway began: initially the road
was supposed to pass through Pavlovsk, but the head of the city refused
this, so the development of the city slowed down again. 4 annual fairs
were held. In 1897, 7,202 people lived in the city, including Russians -
5,515, Little Russians - 1,470, Jews - 95, Belarusians - 86.
At
the beginning of the 20th century, new buildings of a real school (now a
pedagogical college) and a Theological School (now an agricultural
technical school are located in the building) were built, which later
became architectural monuments. During the Great Patriotic War, Pavlovsk
was on the front line for a long time. From July 1942 to January 1943,
German troops tried to take the city.
By Order of the Government
of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 2014 No. 1398-r “On approval of
the list of single-industry towns,” the urban settlement of Pavlovsk is
included in the category “Single-industry municipalities of the Russian
Federation (mono-industry towns) in which there are risks of
deterioration of the socio-economic situation.”
Pavlovsk is home to Europe's largest granite mining and processing
plant, Pavlovskgranit. Now it has been reorganized into two enterprises:
Pavlovsk Promvzryv OJSC and Pavlovsk Nerud OJSC.
Food industry:
SE "Aprotek" - production of vegetable oils, cultivation of agricultural
crops, production of animal feed
In 2019, the construction of the
meat processing plant AGROEKO-YUG LLC began. The capacity of the pig
farm will be 350 thousand tons of products per year.
Asphalt concrete
plants (Pavlovskasfaltobeton LLC, Velstroyservis LLC).
The ship
repair plant operates and built a ship from the times of Peter the
Great, which sails on the Voronezh Reservoir.
branch of the provider "Informsvyaz-Chernozemye" (Ethernet, ADSL,
telephony, communication channels),
branch of the hosting operator
eServer.ru (including the federal customer support center),
branch of
the Internet provider Domolink (ADSL-VDSL).
At the end of 2018, the
single-industry town Pavlovsk entered the TOP 10 leaders of the annual
rating of single-industry towns
5.6 km from the city border (7.7 km from the center) is the Pavlovsk-Voronezhsky railway station, the terminus on a dead-end branch from Buturlinovka station (without passenger traffic).
The city has Pavlovsk Pedagogical College (founded in 1920) and Pavlovsk Agricultural College (founded in 1944)
The following were born in Pavlovsk:
Azarov (Eskov) Igor
Aleksandrovich (born 1961) is a Soviet and Russian composer and singer.
Vorvulev, Nikolai Dmitrievich - opera singer, People's Artist of the
USSR.
Glebov, Leonid Ivanovich - captain of the Red Army, Hero of the
Soviet Union.
Dubyansky, Vladimir Andreevich - scientist, botanist,
geographer.
Zamyatnin, Sergei Nikolaevich (1899-1958) - Soviet
archaeologist, specialist in primitive archeology.
Karlov Vladimir
Alekseevich (1914-1994) - Soviet party leader, agricultural specialist,
Hero of Socialist Labor, member of the CPSU Central Committee.
Alexy
(Konoplev) - bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan of
Kalinin and Kashin.
Lyaskovsky, Nikolai Evstafievich - agrochemist.
Podgorny, Pavel Ilyich - agrobiologist, plant breeder, teacher.
Sedov, Evgeniy Nikolaevich - scientist in the field of selection of
fruit crops.
Sychev, Ivan Ivanovich - platoon commander of the 543rd
Infantry Regiment, lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Shaposhnikov, Konstantin Yakovlevich - radio engineer, teacher.
Yants, Svetlana Vladimirovna - library worker, teacher.
The
following people died in Pavlovsk:
Gerber, Johann Gustav - colonel,
artilleryman, ethnographer.
Crete, Julius Karlovich - Lieutenant
General.
Lyashenko, Nadezhda Vasilyevna - tractor driver, combine
operator, economic, state and political figure, Hero of Socialist Labor.