Pechora (Komi Pechora) is a city in the Komi Republic of the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the municipal district "Pechora", forms the urban settlement "Pechora", the Energy Capital of the Republic of Komi. It is located in the northeastern part of the republic, 588 km north-east of Syktyvkar, on the right bank of the Pechora River, at the place of its intersection by the Northern Railway.
Monument to V. A. Rusanov
Monument to Maxim Gorky
Monument to S.M. Kirov
Monument to Labor Glory of Geologists
Monument Helicopter MI-8
Monument Steam locomotive series "LV"
It is located in the
northeastern part of the republic, 588 km northeast of Syktyvkar, on the
right bank of the Pechora River, at its intersection with the Northern
Railway.
The geographical coordinates of the city are 65 ° 07 's.
sh. and 57°07' E. e. Absolute surface marks vary from 42 to 64 m. It is
located within the Pechora lowland. The underlying surface of the
territory is formed by a watershed plateau and a terraced valley of the
Pechora River. The relief has all the morphological features of riverine
areas (flat, slightly hilly).
In physical and geographical terms,
the territory of the city belongs to the Pechora plain middle taiga
natural-territorial complex. Oil and gas deposits, as well as stone
materials (brick and refractory clay, building stone, sand and sand and
gravel material) have been discovered in the city area.
Peaty-gley podzols, alluvial bog and meadow-bog soils are found in the
vicinity of the city. The vegetation is represented by meadow and marsh
flora, floodplain, as well as birch, birch-spruce and spruce forests.
Pechora is located in the subzone of the Middle North, the region of
the Far North, where the regional coefficient is 1.3. The sum of points
of "northernness" is 148. In terms of the severity of natural conditions
for the living of the alien population, the Pechora region belongs to
the territory of the second discomfort zone ("Extreme North"), which is
characterized by extremely uncomfortable conditions.
The city of Pechora, like the entire Komi Republic, is located in the time zone designated by the international standard as the Moscow Time Zone (MSK). The offset from UTC is +3:00.
The climate is temperate continental with long,
moderately severe winters and short, cool summers with few hot days. The
average annual air temperature is −1.9 °C. The average monthly air
temperature in January is −18.4 °C, in July +16.1 °C. Climate
continentality coefficient 53%. The average date of snow cover formation
is October 26, destruction is May 10. The duration of the period with
stable snow cover reaches 192 days, frost-free - 70 days, active
vegetation - 73 days. The sum of biologically active temperatures above
+10 °C is about 1100 °C. The average annual rainfall is about 580 mm.
Cyclonic weather prevails in winter, and anticyclonic weather in summer.
The period of white nights at the Pechora latitude lasts for 79 days
from May 12 to July 30.
The average annual wind speed is 3.2 m/s
Average annual air humidity - 77%
In 1903, the famous explorer of the Russian North, V.
A. Rusanov, undertook a major expedition along the Pechora River,
sailing past the picturesque steep banks, where the city of Pechora
arose almost 40 years later. In the summer of 1940, in connection with
the construction of the North Pechora Railway (1937-1942), a
construction team, consisting mainly of Gulag prisoners, began work in
the area of \u200b\u200bthe current depot and railway station of the
Pechora railway station. The first temporary dwellings (dugouts and
barracks) began to be called the settlement of the Pechora railway
station. In the same summer of 1940, the Kanin Nos pier was built on the
Pechora River, N. A. Bogatyrev was appointed its first head. At the end
of 1942, the North Pechora Mainline was put into permanent operation. In
the summer of 1943, the Germans landed troops in the Pechora region with
the aim of blowing up a bridge across the river, but members of the
sabotage group, which consisted of Soviet prisoners of war, voluntarily
surrendered to the NKVD. On January 18, 1949, the expanded settlements
of the Pechora railway station and the Kanin Nos pier were merged and
received the status of a city. This day is considered the official date
of the founding of Pechora. The administrative center of the Kozhvinsky
district was moved from Kozhva to Pechora.
Pechora became one of
the main transport hubs of the republic: air and air routes were added
to the water and railway routes - in 1956 the Pechora airfield was
built. In connection with the construction of a radar station of the
Daryal type of a missile attack warning system (SPRN) near the city, in
January 1974, the construction of the Pechora State District Power Plant
began. The construction received All-Union status, the first power unit
was put into operation on February 5, 1979. Thus, Pechora has become the
"energy capital" of the Komi ASSR - now about one third of the total
electricity of the Komi Republic is generated at the Pechora State
District Power Plant.
Several large enterprises closed in the
1990s. Residents began to actively move to the southern territories of
Russia. The population of the city in 1991 was 66.5 thousand
inhabitants, and as of 2011, 48.9 thousand people live in the city.
At present, the city-forming enterprises of Pechora are working more
or less stably, and the rate of population decline is slowing down. The
city began to develop slowly. In 2010, a master plan for the development
of Pechora until 2030 was adopted.
The
coat of arms of the city was designed by the artist V. S. Khudyaev. The
coat of arms was approved on September 15, 1983. The shield of the coat
of arms is vertically divided into two halves - light blue and red,
repeating the colors of the state flags of the RSFSR and the Komi ASSR.
Between the light blue and red halves of the shield is a stylized image
of a green spruce. Spruce frames a blue wing, which symbolizes that
Pechora is a city of transport workers, a broken red arrow is a symbol
of power engineers. At the bottom of the coat of arms is the date "1949"
- the year the city was founded. The coat of arms is crowned with a
golden Komi national ornament. The blue stripe symbolizes the great
northern river - the Pechora, from which the name of the city comes. The
inscription "Pechora" is made in imitation of the ancient Permian
writing (Abur, Anbur), which was created by the missionary Stefan of
Perm in the 2nd half of the 14th century. Since 2012, the city has a new
coat of arms.
Many consider the song "Fires of Pechora" to be the
unofficial anthem of the city.
By plane
Regular flights connect Pechora
only with Syktyvkar, the capital of the Komi Republic.
By
train
Trains run through the Pechora railway station to Vorkuta
and Labytnang from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod and other
Russian cities.
By car
There is no year-round road
communication with the central regions of the country. The
construction of the Ukhta-Pechora-Usinsk-Naryan-Mar highway is
underway. Currently, you can leave the city either by driving around
the unfinished section along the dirt road Kadzherom - Rybnitsa -
Zelenoborsk - Malaya Pera, or by using the Pechora - Vuktyl car
ferry.
Currently, there are 6 bus routes within the city.