Sarapul is a city in the Udmurt Republic of Russia. Sarapul is the third most populous city in the republic after Izhevsk and Votkinsk. The center of the urban district is the city of Sarapul.
The name Sarapul was first mentioned in 1579 in relation to the area or river on which the village of Voznesenskoye, the future city, was located. Translated from the Chuvash Sarapul - "sterlet" (literally "yellow, beautiful fish"), which was found in abundance in the Kama on this site.
The city is
located on the right (high) bank of the Kama, in the southeastern
part of Udmurtia, 62 km from Izhevsk and 1143 km from Moscow. The
city is connected with the capital of the republic by the P322
highway.
Like the rest of Udmurtia, the city is located in
the time zone designated by the international standard as Samara
Time Zone (SAMT), offset from UTC - +4: 00.
the
Russian Empire
The Sarapulka River was first mentioned in 1596.
Another source indicates that Sarapul was first mentioned in the
census book of 1596, that they "fish" here, and in 1616 it was a
"suburb". In the same year, Sarapul was sieged, devastated, many
residents were beaten and taken prisoner, as in other settlements of
the Kama region - Kazan, Ufa, Ossa, Kungur, Stefanov-settlement and
others, Kazan and Ufa Tatars, with the Chuvashes sticking to them ,
Cheremis, Votyaks and Bashkirs, who at one time waged a formal war
"gathering in a great crowd" against the Russian state, in the
northeastern outskirts of Russia.
In 1621 "the village of
Voznesenskoye, which is on Sarapul" is mentioned. In the acts of the
17th century, the area around it was always called the Sarapul
district. According to legend, in 1657 Sarapul and the surrounding
area were miraculously saved from the plague epidemic by bringing
the image of St. Nicholas from the village of Berezovka. The miracle
served as the basis for one of the oldest in Russia, the Sarapul
Kazan religious procession, held annually until 1918. Since 1707 it
became a palace village called Sarapul. The village flourished
thanks to the grain trade and fishing. In 1708, according to the
"Decree on the establishment of provinces and the painting of cities
to them," the town built in the Kazan palace village Sarapul was
assigned to Penza, and became part of the Kazan province.
In
1738, Sarapul was assigned to the Osinsky province of the Ufa
province, and since then has become a significant stopping point of
the Arsk road to the "Siberian lands", and was called a palace
settlement. In 1773, the palace settlement was ravaged by the
Pugachev rebels.
In 1780, the settlement received the status
of a county town, became the center of the Sarapul district, Vyatka
province, and since then it has developed according to the master
plans of major architects. In the second half of the 18th century
and the beginning of the 19th century, the county town was a
significant trading point in the province. The city used to have two
monasteries and 21 churches. The Male Startsevo-Gorsk John the
Baptist Monastery was founded in 1900 by Bishop Nikodim (Side) of
Sarapul. This monastery was the residence of the vicar bishop of
Sarapul. The Convent of the Annunciation began as a “community of
sisters of hard work” in 1853, and in this form it existed until
1881, when it was transformed into a monastic abbess run by the
abbess. A parish school functioned under him. The surviving
churches: Pokrovskaya (1791), Resurrection (1821) and Xenia of
Petersburg (1912). Some buildings were erected by French prisoners
after the Patriotic War of 1812. Sarapul is the birthplace of the
cavalry girl Nadezhda Durova, who served in the army of MI Kutuzov.
On March 4, 1889, the vicar of the Vyatka diocese (Athanasius)
was first appointed with a residence in Sarapul (previously, the
Sarapul vicars stayed in Vyatka), which transformed the Sarapul
vicariate into a semi-independent diocese. In the early 1890s,
Sarapul fell into the orbit of all-Russian and even world attention
due to the infamous Multan case.
At the end of the 19th
century, Sarapul was one of the largest centers of the shoe and
leather industry in Russia. Sarapul is the birthplace of the famous
“squeaky” boots. About a quarter of the merchants were engaged in
shipping. The construction of a large ship required a significant
initial investment, so the very wealthy city merchants and
bourgeoisie became ship operators. Thanks to the efforts of the
Sarapul merchants, primarily the mayor Pavel Andreevich Bashenin,
the railway passed through the city. Through the efforts of
merchants, the Alekseevskoe real school was opened in the city.
Soviet period
From 1923 to 1934 Sarapul was part of the Ural
region, was the center of the Sarapul district. From 1934 to 1937,
it was first part of the Kirov region, and then - the Kirov region.
In 1937 the city was annexed to the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet
Socialist Republic, the center of the political and economic life of
the region moved from Sarapul to Izhevsk.
In 1931-1937, Stepan Nekrashevich, the initiator and first
chairman of the Institute of Belarusian Culture (now the National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus), was in exile in Sarapul.
By
the decree of the Presidium of the CEC of the Ukrainian Autonomous
Soviet Socialist Republic of April 22, 1938 and the decree of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of March 7, 1939,
Sarapul received the status of an independent administrative unit of
republican subordination.
In 1942, Boris Yarkho, a
philologist-medievalist and translator and a versatile scientist who
was in evacuation, died in Sarapul. Also in Sarapul on December 17,
1981, the first in the history of the USSR a hostage-taking at
school No. 12 took place. In the operation to free the hostages,
fighters of the special forces of the Alpha group of the KGB of the
USSR were involved.
In 1949, the urban-type settlement
Simonikha entered the Sarapul line.
In the XX century, the
economy of Sarapul was determined by several large enterprises of
mechanical engineering and radio electronics, which produced mainly
military and general industrial products. The industrial company
Elecond, founded in 1968, still produces electric capacitors.