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Solvychegodsk is located in the southern part of
the Arkhangelsk region on the right bank of the Vychegda near its
mouth, 25 kilometers northeast of Kotlas and 12 kilometers from
Koryazhma.
Solvychegodsk is included in the list of some of
the most interesting historical cities of the Arkhangelsk region. It
was founded by the Stroganovs at the end of the XV century and was
their capital for a long time. Historically an important port on the
navigable Vychegda, due to shipments of salt, which was mined here
and an advantageous transit position. Later, a place of political
exile, the most famous exile here was Joseph Dzhugashvili (Stalin).
Currently, it is a quiet balneological resort town with interesting
preserved architectural and temple structures, and a sufficient
number of museums. Recently, the image of the fictional hero Kozma
Prutkov, whose homeland was identified as Solvychegodsk, has been
actively used in the life of the city.
Despite its
attractiveness, Solvychegodsk is not in the best transport
accessibility - the city is separated from the main roads by a
river. Basically, visitors to the city appear as clients of the
sanatorium, as a result of car runs or rare excursions from
neighboring cities, the most important of which from the point of
view of tourists is Veliky Ustyug. You should not come here in the
off-season, it is unlikely that mud and slush, as well as unreliable
ferry operation, will be better than an ice crossing and fabulous
winter views of the Russian north or the summer expanses of Vychegda
and the gifts of the forest.
Solvychegodsk is located on the
right bank of the Vychegda, without a bridge crossing the river. You
can get to the city only through the ferry, which operates almost
year-round (except for a short period of ice breaking in spring and
ice formation in late autumn or early winter).
The city has
been known as the Salt of Vychegodskaya since 1492. It flourished in
the XVII century, when the seed of merchants and industrialists
Stroganov developed salt production and trade in the city. In the
19th century, Solvychegodsk became a popular place of exile (the
expression "places not so remote" refers to this region, as opposed
to remote places — Siberia), in particular, Joseph Stalin served
exile here.
Nowadays Solvychegodsk is a quiet resort town,
interesting for the Vvedensky Cathedral in the style of the
so-called Stroganov Baroque.
Church architecture
Blagoveshchensky cathedral. It was the
home church of the Stroganovs family, now the building houses a
local history museum. You can climb the bell tower.
Vvedensky
Cathedral (1690)
Resurrection Church
Civil architecture
The tomb of the Stroganovs (in the chapel at the Annunciation
Cathedral).
Mineral spring and lake (near the Blagoveshchensk
cathedral).
City buildings of the XIX century, along the streets
of Lenin and Sovetskaya.
Pyankov House, Lenin str., 19.
Ionov
House, st. Volodarsky, 6.
Monuments
Miracle of George
struggle with the serpent.
Memorial stone in honor of Kozma
Prutkov.
By plane
The nearest airport is in Kotlas.
By train
Solvychegodsk railway station is located on the Kotlas-Mikun branch
line, near Kotlas. From Moscow, St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk and other
cities, Solvychegodsk can be reached by trains in transit to the
stations of Komi, Vorkuta or Labytnangi.
From the station, you
need to take a taxi to the crossing over the Vychegda and then wait for
the ferry to the right bank.
By bus
A bus from Kotlas runs
three times a day to the ferry crossing over the Vychegda. You should be
careful not to leave for the left-bank village of Vychegodsky,
colloquially also called Solvychegodsky after the name of the railway
station. Bus and car connections between Kotlas and Vychegodsky are much
busier than with Solvychegodsky itself.
1 Hotel "Vychegda". ++7-921-4999340.
2 Sanatorium "Solvychegodsk",
Sovetskaya str., 11. ☎ +7-81837-79398.
3 Kupecheskaya Hotel,
Sovetskaya str., d. 11. ☎ +7 (8182) 43-45-75. around the clock. The
Kupecheskaya Hotel is located in one of the oldest buildings in the
city. The restored and carefully restored brick mansion was built in the
19th century at the expense of merchant Zosima Khaminov and was used as
an apartment building before the revolution - with a manufactory on the
ground floor and living rooms on the second. Now it is a modern hotel
with elements of ancient interiors. The landscaped territory and the
picturesque originality of the landscape of the ancient city give a
special comfort and charm to the resort complex.
It was first mentioned in 1492 in the Synodal Chronicle, when
"people knowledgeable in mining" were sent to the Pechora River,
including "Permichi, Vymechey and Usoltsev 100 people".
According to V. V. Zverinsky, the Borisoglebsky Monastery for men
was founded in 1498. At the end of the XVIII century. attempts were
made to clarify the dates of construction of the buildings of the
Solvychegodsky Vvedensky monastery. A fire in 1770 destroyed the
documents, and the only known source of information at the beginning
of the 20th century was the Solvychegod chronicler describing the
events of 1533-1578.
The name "Solvychegodsk" came from the
fact that initially the inhabitants of the future city settled near
the Salt Lake, and back in the XV century it was called Usolye Posad
(or the city of Usolsk). From the end of the XV — beginning of the
XVI centuries. the rich salt mines of the city and its location on
the trade route with the Siberian peoples attracted settlers from
the Russian state, among whom were the Stroganovs, who allocated
enough funds from their income for the construction of the city. At
this time, the city is called Sol-Vychegodskaya.
The city
burned more than once, especially strongly in 1579, in 1613, during
the time of Troubles, it was devastated by the Lithuanians, but
during the XVI and XVII centuries it represented a significant
fortress.
In the summer of 1648, following the Moscow (Salt
Riot), a popular uprising began in the Salt of Vychegodskaya against
the collection of old taxes for 1647 in threefold amounts.
Since the end of the XVII century, Solvychegodsk has been known for
an original painting school — Usolsky enamel. In the XVII–XIX
centuries the city became one of the main centers of Russian art. In
addition to enamel painting, icon painting (Stroganov school) is
also developing here.
In 1708, the city was part of the
Arkhangelsk province, and in 1719 it became part of the
Velikoustyuzhsky province of the same province. In 1780, as part of
the same province, he transferred to the Vologda viceroyalty and in
1796 became the county town of Solvychegodsky district of Vologda
province.
The city was a place of political exile. Pushkin's
uncle, Pavel Isaakovich Hannibal, was exiled to Solvychegodsk in
1826. At the beginning of the 20th century, 450 exiles lived in the
city. The Museum of Political Exiles, also known as the I. V. Stalin
Museum, is located in the house where I. V. Stalin served his exile
from 1908 to 1910.
In June 1913, Nikolai Yemelyanovich
Makarenko visited Solvychegodsk, who published the monograph "The
Art of Ancient Russia in 1918. At the Salt of Vychegodskaya." Boris
Ivanovich Dunaev also visited the city and in 1914 published the
book "The City of Solvychegodsk".
In 1923, a mud resort was
opened in the city.
In 1924-1928 . (as part of the North
Dvina province) and in 1938-1958. (as part of the Arkhangelsk
region) Solvychegodsk was the center of the Solvychegodsky district.
Since 1937, Solvychegodsk has been part of the Arkhangelsk
region.
Alexey Soskin is considered a major historian and
local historian of the city.
The city is located on the right bank of the Vychegda River (a tributary of the Northern Dvina), north of the A123 highway, 34 km from Solvychegodsk railway station, 630 km from Arkhangelsk, 35 km from Kotlas, 12 km west of Koryazhma and 90 km from Veliky Ustyug. Solvychegodsk railway station is located in the village of Vychegodsky on the other side of the Vychegda River at a distance of 10 km from the city of Solvychegodsk in a straight line using a ferry. Without a ferry, the nearest way to the station via the pontoon ferry in Koryazhma is 34 km.
In 1923, a balneological and mud resort was founded in Solvychegodsk.
There are sanatoriums, a balneo-mud clinic, including a sanatorium for
children with rheumatic diseases.
Curative factors are
chloride-sulfate sodium mineral water, which is used for baths and
drinking, as well as sulfide silt mud of Lake Saline (Saline).
In
1926, in order to determine the depth of the mineral water layer and
obtain it from a place that is not flooded during the Vychegda spill,
the first trial drilling of wells was carried out on the territory of
the resort. As a result of this drilling, a depth of 82 m was
determined. In 1934, oil exploration was carried out in Solvychegodsk.
Drilling was suspended at a depth of 162 m, as water began to flow at a
pressure of up to six atmospheres. In terms of salt concentration, it is
more saturated than lake water. The spring was transferred to the
resort, surrounded by an octagonal tower superstructure and named
mineral spring No. 1. In 1936, drilling was carried out on the territory
of the second sanatorium. Mineral water was obtained at a depth of 80-90
m. The spring was isolated, surrounded by a wooden superstructure (pump
room) and named mineral spring No. 2.
In the Solvychegodskoye
field (well 4), mineral water of the sulfate-chloride sodium group.
Mineral water belongs to the therapeutic canteens.