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Syktyvkar (from Komi-Zyr. - “city on (the river)
Sysol”) - the city (from 1780, until 1930 was called Ust-Sysolsk) of
republican significance in Russia. The capital and administrative
center of the Republic of Komi. Forms urban district "Syktyvkar." In
Syktyvkar there are regional government bodies of the Komi Republic,
territorial structures of federal authorities, headquarters of
regional commercial organizations and public associations. The city
is located on the left bank of the Sysola River. The city has an
airport, train station, bus station.
In 2012, the city took
the 129th place (out of 165) in the rating of attractiveness of the
urban living environment (dwelling) with the index of 26.91. In 2013
- the 128th place with the index of 27.55.
Due to the presence of large timber processing
industries, the size of the city is quite large. The remoteness of
the Ezhva district from the central part of the city is more than 10
kilometers down the Vychegda River, in parallel with which
Oktyabrsky Avenue, passing into the Ukhta highway. The central part
of the city is surrounded by so-called. townships, neighborhoods and
suburbs with the interesting historical name of Paris, in the Komi
language - Chovieu, Dyarnos, Vylgort and others; beyond the Vychegda
district is the district.
The central part of the city is the
area bounded by the railway station and routes from the west and
Vychegda in the east. From the south, the natural border is the
airport, and the northern boundary of the city center is blurred and
it can be conditionally held along Pechora Street, then, with the
exception of a couple of megamolls, there will definitely be nothing
interesting.
The main streets of the city, intersect each
other on a circle with the memorable Monument of Labor Glory:
Communist and October Avenue. The first goes from the railway down
to the main city Stefanovskaya Square, and further down to the
culture park to them. Kirov on the bank of the Vychegda. The main
attractions, museums and theaters are located in the area of two
or three blocks around Stefanovskaya Square. The transverse
Oktyabrsky Avenue contains multiple fewer sights, but it is the most
important transport artery of the city, connecting the city along
its entire length.
Orthodox churches operate in Syktyvkar:
St. Stephen's Cathedral;
Holy Kazan Church;
Holy Ascension Church;
Holy Transfiguration
Church;
Temple of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos;
Temple of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God;
In addition,
the city has:
Church of Christ the Savior Christian Baptists
The first theatrical performance in Ust-Sysolsk dates back to 1821.
It was an amateur performance of Filatkin's Wedding. It was organized by
a young girl - Petersburg lady Alexandra Osipovna Ishimova. It was a
one-time event.
Regular amateur performances in Ust-Sysolsk began
to be staged in 1831, when amateur theater-goers asked permission from
the mayor to stage performances. The mayor became worried and wrote to
the governor for permission. He allowed, but demanded to submit a list
of plays. The theatergoers wrote out 21 works that they were going to
stage. Performances were staged regularly (usually in winter), one
performance per week.
The first professional theater
"Sykomtevchuk" appeared in the city in 1921, headed by the first Komi
playwright V. A. Savin.
Drama Theatre. V. Savina. In 1978, in
connection with the 90th anniversary of Viktor Savin, Komi Republican
Drama Theater was named after him. In 2007, the old theater building was
completely demolished. In its place, a new theater building was built
that outwardly resembles an old theater building, but with modern
technical content: a stage with circular and lane traffic, 4 light
boxes, a heated roof, Spanish crystal chandeliers and wall panels from
Sweden were installed, a library and a video recording studio appeared.
Performances in the new building of the theater can go on simultaneously
in two halls. The opening of the new drama theater in Syktyvkar took
place on August 21, 2009, the full opening - at the end of 2009).
The
Opera and Ballet Theater of the Komi Republic, located in Syktyvkar,
opened on August 26, 1958 with the premiere of P. Tchaikovsky's famous
opera "Eugene Onegin" as a musical theater. It was opened with the
active participation of artists - former political convicts of
Vorkutlag, first of all, singer Boris Deineka, who became the artistic
director of the theater; Now the theater presents to its audience both
productions by famous Russian and Western authors (The Merry Widow, The
Favorite, Silva), as well as national performances. Among them, the key
place is occupied by the ballet "Yag Mort", based on the plot of the
Komi epic.
The Komi Republican Philharmonic Society includes the Asya
Kya State Song and Dance Ensemble, the Zarni Yol Folk Music and Song
Ensemble, the Inspiration Instrumental Music Ensemble, as well as
soloists: People's Artist of the Komi Republic Alexei Moiseenko, Honored
Artist of the Komi Republic Fyodor Svyatovets, Honored Artist of the
Republic of Komi Alevtina Vostrikova, Victoria Rebenko, Victoria Pystin,
Olga Kravtsova and Vera Bulysheva. The ensemble "Asya kya" is a hallmark
of the culture of the Komi Republic at many international festivals.
The National Music and Drama Theater of the Komi Republic deals
exclusively with national productions. All performances in it are in the
Komi language, with simultaneous translation into Russian. The theater's
repertoire combines dramatic art and the vocal and instrumental heritage
of the folklore of the Komi people. The synthesis of these two
directions gave samples of theatrical performances that reflect the
esoteric worldview of the northern Komi people - performances created on
the basis of folklore materials, folk epos, songs and rituals of the
Komi and representing a wide variety of genres: folk drama, musical epic
poem, musical comedy, mythological tale , modern drama, legend,
children's fairy tale.
Modern multiplex cinemas are located in the shopping centers of the
city: "Rainbow 3D" in the shopping center "Rainbow", two cinemas
"RubLion Cinema" in the shopping center "Rublik" and the shopping center
"June", "Sky Cinema" in the shopping center "Parma". Since 2012 The Maxi
shopping mall houses the Kronverk Cinema cinema with the only IMAX hall
in the Komi Republic.
In addition to modern cinemas, some
buildings of cinemas from the Soviet period have been preserved in the
city. The building of the cinema "Rodina" was built in 1937-1940, now it
houses a nightclub. Within the walls of the Oktyabr cinema, built in
1954 according to a standard design by the Giprokino architect Zoya
Iosifovna Brod, there is the Oktyabr Leisure and Cinema Center, where
film screenings, cultural and educational events are held.
The
film distribution organization Komikino is located in the city. The
Komikino film fund has more than 7,000 titles of feature, animated and
documentary films, including rare, exclusive, single copies on film and
digital media.
The first museum of ethnography and archeology appeared in
Ust-Sysolsk in 1911.
National Museum of the Komi Republic and
Department of Nature (Syktyvkar, Kommunisticheskaya str., 6).
Department of Ethnography of the National Museum of the Komi
Republic (Syktyvkar, Kommunisticheskaya str., 2).
Department of
History of the National Museum of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar,
Lenina St., 57).
Zoological Museum of Syktyvkar State University
(Syktyvkar, Petrozavodskaya St., 120).
Museum of Archeology and
Ethnography of the Syktyvkar State University (Syktyvkar, Kataeva,
21).
Museum of the History of Education of the Komi Territory of
the Syktyvkar State University (Syktyvkar, Oktyabrsky Prospekt, 55).
Scientific Geological Museum. A. A. Chernov of the Institute of
Geology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of
Sciences (Syktyvkar, Pervomaiskaya st., 54).
Literary Museum of
Ivan Kuratov (Department of the National Museum of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, Syktyvkar, Ordzhonikidze St., 2).
House-Museum of I.
P. Morozov (Department of the National Museum of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, Syktyvkar, Kirov St., 32). The museum building is an
exact copy of the wooden house of Morozov's parents from the village
of Mejador.
Literary and Theater Museum. Dyakonova N. M.
(Syktyvkar, Ezhva, Mayakovsky st., 3).
Museum of the Olympic
champion Raisa Smetanina (Syktyvkar, Tentyukovskaya st., 301). The
museum has collected material on the history of the development of
cross-country skiing in the second half of the 20th century.
National Gallery of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar, Kirov St., 44).
The art gallery presents paintings, graphics by Komi artists of the
20th century, Russian fine art of the 18th-early 20th centuries,
Russia of the 20th century and a small number of paintings by
Western European artists of the 17th-20th centuries.
In 1837 the first library was opened. There was a charge for using
the books. In 1867 (30 years after opening) the library had only 39
readers, including 4 peasants.
There are regional and municipal
libraries in Syktyvkar, as well as libraries of scientific and
educational institutions of the city, special libraries:
National
Library of the Komi Republic;
National Children's Library of the
Republic of Komi named after S. Ya. Marshak;
Youth Library of the
Komi Republic;
the Central City Library and the Central City
Children's Library with territorial branch libraries that form the
Central Library System of the city of Syktyvkar;
Scientific Library
of Syktyvkar State University;
Scientific Library of the Komi Science
Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
Komi
republican special library for the blind named after Louis Braille.
On the streets and squares of Syktyvkar, there are 17 monuments, two
memorials, 11 commemorative signs, one sculpture, 95 memorial plaques
dedicated to personalities and historical events, including:
Memorial
"Eternal Glory", or Eternal Flame - a complex built in 1981 in honor of
the Syktyvkar soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War. The memorial
is located in the center of the city, on the Alley of Heroes. In front
of the memorial there is a bowl with "eternal fire".
Monument to the
fallen during the civil war
Monument of Labor Glory - a 22-meter
torch made of polished aviation titanium (formed from three symbolic
banners), decorated with three orders of forged copper. It was
established in honor of the achievements of the working people of the
Komi ASSR and the awarding of the Republic with the Orders of Lenin
(January 22, 1966), the October Revolution (August 20, 1971) and
Friendship of Peoples (December 29, 1972). It is considered one of the
visiting cards of the city. Established in 1977 at the intersection of
Kommunisticheskaya Street and Oktyabrsky Prospekt. The authors are
architects P. P. Reznikov, A. A. Kurov; designer - L. Rochev.
Monument "Grieving Warrior".
Monument to the letter "Ӧ".
The
monument "Young Man with a Bird" (original name - "Dawn over Chukotka")
was installed near the terminal building on the occasion of the 50th
anniversary of Komi aviation (in 1980) instead of the monument to
Vladimir Lenin. Sculptor I. Gushchin, architect B. Brovchin. The copper
monument depicts a young reindeer herder who admires the flight of birds
and dreams of learning to fly.
Monument to Domna Kalikova - erected
by sculptor V. A. Rokhin in 1979 in honor of the heroine of the Civil
War, located opposite the Russian gymnasium. The sculpture is made of
stainless steel.
Monument to Ivan Kuratov - erected in 1977 in front
of the Opera and Ballet Theatre. The authors of the monument are the
sculptor V. N. Mamchenko, the architect V. Z. Edelgaus.
Monument to
Viktor Savin - erected in 1994 in front of the State Academic Drama
Theater named after Savin. The authors of the monument are the sculptor
V. A. Bezumov; architects A. P. Tolmacheva, N. A. Tyulyukova, M. A.
Shakhov. The sculpture is made of bronze, the pedestal on which the
monument stands is made of granite.
Monument to Georgy Dimitrov.
Monument to Nikolai Oplesnin.
Monument to V. A. Malyshev.
Monument
to Alexander Alekseev. Installed in front of the building of the FSB.
Opening of the monument - August 2000. The author of the monument is the
sculptor V. N. Mamchenko.
Monument to Mikhail Babushkin. Initially,
the monument was erected in 1941 at the intersection of Kirov and
Babushkina streets. In 1972, the monument was moved to the park near the
Rodina cinema. The author is the sculptor N. E. Sarkisov. Material -
bronze. The pedestal is concrete, lined with granite.
Monument to
Vladimir Lenin on Stefanovskaya Square. Installed on Yubileinaya (now
Stefanovskaya) Square. Sculptors - Lev Kerbel, V. I. Buyakin. Architects
- V. K. Datyuk, S. A. Feoktistov. The material is granite. The monument
was erected in honor of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution
and opened on November 5, 1967. The monument is a granite pylon, from
which the figure of Lenin appears against the background of a waving
banner. The inscription on the monument: Komi Leninly - Komi ybzsyan,
Rus. Lenin - from the Komi people.
Monument to Pitirim Sorokin,
opened in front of the entrance to Syktyvkar State University on August
22, 2014, sculptor Andrey Kovalchuk
Most of the names of the streets of ancient Ust-Sysolsk were
associated with the names of saints, Orthodox holidays: Pokrovskaya,
Trekhsvyatitelskaya, Predtechenskaya, Nikolskaya, Spasskaya, Trinity,
Georgievskaya. Three streets were named in connection with their
geographical location: North-West, South-West and Embankment.
Sukhanovskaya bore the name of large Ust-Sysol merchants.
Before
the revolution of 1917, only Sukhanovskaya, Pokrovskaya and Naberezhnaya
streets were considered historical in Syktyvkar, the rest got their
names already at the end of the 19th century. Most of the
pre-revolutionary street names of the city have not been preserved -
after 1930 they were actively renamed: both to combat the tsarist past
and to perpetuate the achievements of the great leaders of the young
Soviet state.
On November 14, 1918, the Zyryanskaya Zhizn
newspaper reported that Spasskaya Street became Sovietskaya, Troitskaya
Street became Lenin Street, Pokrovskaya Street became Republican Street,
Trekhsvyatitelskaya Street became Communist Street, Predtechenskaya
Street was renamed Labor Street, Nikolskaya Street became Proletarian
Street, Georgievskaya Street was renamed International Street,
Sukhanovskaya Street to Rabochaya, Zapadno-Zagorodnaya - to Komi Grezd,
Yugo-Zagorodnaya - to Krestyanskaya.
During the years of the
first post-war five-year plans, the city of Syktyvkar has grown
significantly and improved. In 1958, it had more than 100 streets, the
length of which was over 45 kilometers, and less than half of them were
asphalted and paved with stone.
In 2007, Syktyvkar, together with
Lesozavod and Nizhny Chov, but without the Ezhvinsky district and
suburban settlements, has 123 streets, 23 passages, 20 lanes, one avenue
and one boulevard. The total number of streets in Syktyvkar with all its
surroundings, according to city architects, has exceeded 200. In
addition, there are 10 public gardens and about 30 squares in the Komi
capital, including official, transport, railway station, in residential
areas and near shopping centers. Also, several highways pass through the
city, flowing smoothly from the streets - Sysolskoye (towards Kirov),
Ukhta and Nyuvchimskoye, which starts from the turn to the village of
Krasnozatonsky.
Streets in Syktyvkar are named in Russian and
Komi languages.
The city has changed several official and unofficial, but fixed names
among the people: Ust-Sysola, Ust-Sysolsk, Syktyvdin, Syktyvdinpom,
Syktyvdinkar, Syktyvkar and even just Kar (that is, "City" - there were
no other cities in the Komi Republic then) ; almost became
Vladimir-Lenin (in 1924), or Joseph-Stalin (in the 1930s).
In
1780, by the Decree of Catherine the Great, the churchyard of Ust-Sysol
was transformed into a city and named "Ust-Sysolsk".
The local
Komi-Zyryan population translated the components of this name into their
own language and called the city Syktyvdin, where “Syktyv” is the Komi
name of the Sysola River, and “din” (or “dyn”) in the Komi language is
“about” (the space adjacent to something), that is, "a place near (the
river) Sysola".
In 1930, when the 150th anniversary of the city
was celebrated, the city of Ust-Sysolsk was renamed the city of
Syktyvkar (in the Komi language "Syktyv" - "Sysola"; "kar" - "city"),
which means - "city on (river) Sysole".
The initial settlement of the territory of modern Syktyvkar began
in ancient times. In the north-eastern outskirts of the city between
the village of Ozel and the village of Sedkyrkesh, on the shores of
Lake Enty, ancient settlements dating back to the Neolithic era (New
Stone Age - III millennium BC) were discovered.
The burial
ground of the 10th century Izkar is known - "stone city" ("from" -
"stone, stone"; "kar" - "city") in the Tentyukovo region.
XVI-XVII centuries
The history of the future Syktyvkar begins in
the 16th century with the Zyryan settlement Sysolskoe (Sektyvdyn in
Zyryan), founded by people who came from the villages located higher
along the Sysol. Since 1608 Ust-Sysolsk churchyard.
The
settlement of the area proceeded quickly, as this was facilitated by
the convenient geographical position of the village: the confluence
of the two navigable rivers Vychegda and Sysola, which at that time
represented a large waterway connecting the territory of the present
Komi Republic with the regions of Siberia and the Kama region, first
by “portages”, and later by specially built North Catherine Canal in
the territory of the present Ust-Kulomsky district of the Komi
Republic.
In the Ortelius atlas of 1570, the settlement of
Permevelisk stands on the site of modern Syktyvkar.
It was
first mentioned in the Yaren hundredth scribe book in 1586 as the
churchyard of Ust-Sysola, located at the confluence of the Sysola
River into Vychegda. There was a wooden church of St. George and 9
yards: 3 yards of the church clergy and "separately" (scattered) 6
peasant yards. The churchyard had 48 inhabitants. Near the
churchyard, on the territory of the modern city, there were repairs
Kamenny, Emovsky, Ereminsky, Ivanovsky, Fedorovsky, Kamenisty, Ivan
Vezhov, the widows of Orinitsa, Borovinka, Ilyinsky, Gudnikovo, the
village of Petrovskaya with the repair of Frolovsky, the settlement
of Shulgin. In total, there were 25 residential and 6 empty
courtyards.
According to the historian Mikhail Rogachev, by
1586 the churchyard of Ust-Sysolsk was already the administrative
and church center of the parish, since it contained the oldest
temple of Ust-Sysolsk, wooden, built in a log house.
XVIII—XX
centuries
By personal decree of Catherine II of January 25
(February 5), 1780, the Vologda governorship was formed as part of
nineteen counties, among which was Ust-Sysolsky; in connection with
this, the village of Ust-Sysola was transformed into the county town
of Ust-Sysolsk. According to the general land survey, at that time
there were 324 houses in the city, in which 1727 people lived.
On February 10 (21), 1780, the solemn foundation of the new city
took place. On September 10 (21), 1780, in the house of the merchant
Sukhanov, in the presence of important provincial officials from
Vologda, a solemn "opening" of the new city took place with a dinner
party. The celebrations were announced by the festive bell ringing
of the Trinity Cathedral. On October 2 (13), 1780, the coat of arms
of Ust-Sysolsk was approved, which represented a drawing, in the
lower half of which a bear was depicted lying in a den (“as a sign
that there are enough such animals in the vicinity of this city”).
In 1784, nearby villages were added to the county town - Kirul,
Podgorye, Half, Kokulkar, Tentyukovgrezd, Mikulsikt and several
others. In 1795 there were 1753 merchants and tradesmen in
Ust-Sysolsk. In 1833, there were 487 households, 4 churches, a
religious school with 45 students, a hospital with 6 beds, 2390
people, "the largest part of them are Zyryans."
During the
19th century, Ust-Sysolsk turned into a large trading center in the
North. Trade routes from Pechora, Perm and Vyatka converge here. In
1858, 3167 people lived in the city.
The Russian writer Pavel
Vladimirovich Zasodimsky, who visited the city in 1876, describes in
his essay "Forest Fairy Tale" as follows:
“Ust-Sysolsk was
renamed from a volost into a city almost a hundred years ago.<…> In
Ust-Sysolsk there is neither a city garden nor a boulevard, the
streets are not paved and are illuminated at night only by the light
of heavenly bodies, at any time of the day or night through the
streets horses roam and whole herds of sheep loiter.
In 1897,
Ust-Sysolsk took the 4th place in terms of population among 12
cities of the Vologda province. Here, with the suburbs, there were
924 households, 4464 people, and another 523 people. lived in the
village of Slobodsky.
As part of the USSR
In accordance
with the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of
August 22, 1921, Ust-Sysolsk became the administrative center of the
newly formed Autonomous Region of Komi (Zyryan).
In February
1924, at a citywide meeting of communists, the secretary of the
Regional Committee of the RCP (b) of the Autonomous Region of Komi
(Zyryan) Afanasy Chirkov proposed to rename Ust-Sysolsk to
"Vladimir-Lenin". Despite the desire and support of the communists
coming from the secretary of the regional committee, the renaming
did not happen.
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Central
Executive Committee of the USSR of March 26, 1930, in honor of the
150th anniversary of the status of the city, Ust-Sysolsk was given
the name in the Komi language - Syktyvkar.
In 1930, a
sawmill, a printing house, a power station, educational institutions
with 1667 students, medical institutions (173 beds), 17 commercial
establishments operated in the city.
Since December 5, 1936,
Syktyvkar has been the capital of the Komi ASSR (now the Komi
Republic).
1959 - according to the census, the population of
Syktyvkar was 64,000 people.
In 1989, 242 thousand people
lived in Syktyvkar, of which 225.8 thousand lived in the city itself
(including 57.6 thousand in the Ezhvinsky district), 4,300 people in
Upper Maksakovka, 289 in Upper Myrtyyu, and 690 in Vyltydor , in
Krasnozatonsky - 9100, in Sedkyrkeshche - 2412, in Trekhozerka - 491
people.
By plane
In general, the most frequently used way to fly to
Syktyvkar are UTair and Aeroflot flights from Moscow or St.
Petersburg. The local air carrier Komiaviatrans also flies from
Moscow (Domodedovo). There are several regional flights.
The
international airport "Syktyvkar" is located within the city, from
which there are daily flights to Moscow, St. Petersburg, the cities
of the Komi Republic and other regions (Yekaterinburg, Kazan,
Naryan-Mar). During the summer, direct flights are opened with
cities on the Black Sea coast (Anapa, Sochi) and charter flights to
Turkey, Greece, Tunisia and Egypt.
In 1982, the construction
of a new Syktyvkar airport began in the town of Sokolovka, 25
kilometers from the city. Due to funding problems, the construction
of the new airport was not completed; in 2021, the Komi authorities
proposed to abandon the completion of the airport
By train
Syktyvkar is a dead-end station on a branch line from the Mikun
junction station. In 1964, the building of the railway station was
opened. There is also Chovyu railway station (industrial hub), Ezhva
passenger platform and Koity railway station. From Syktyvkar all
year round trains run to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vorkuta, Usinsk,
Koslan. Seasonal routes - to Novorossiysk and Adler.
By car
On October 24, 1975, as part of the construction of the Syktyvkar -
Murashi road, a section with an asphalt surface Syktyvkar - Obyachevo
was opened. The federal highway P176 "Vyatka" connects Syktyvkar with
Kirov. The city is connected with Ukhta, Troitsko-Pechora, Kudymkar by
roads of regional and intermunicipal significance.
Intercity bus
service connects Syktyvkar with the cities of Ukhta, Kirov, Ufa,
Naberezhnye Chelny, Cheboksary, Yoshkar-Ola, Kazan. Some routes leave
from the bus station, some from the railway station.
According to
the Federal State Statistics Service, as of December 31, 2021, there are
8 gas stations in the city of Syktyvkar, the total length of local
public roads owned by the municipality is 106.4 km, of which 89.2 km are
paved.
By ship
The international airport "Syktyvkar" is located within the city,
from which there are daily flights to Moscow, St. Petersburg, the cities
of the Komi Republic and other regions (Yekaterinburg, Kazan,
Naryan-Mar). During the summer, direct flights are opened with cities on
the Black Sea coast (Anapa, Sochi) and charter flights to Turkey,
Greece, Tunisia and Egypt.
In 1982, the construction of a new
Syktyvkar airport began in the town of Sokolovka, 25 kilometers from the
city. Due to funding problems, the construction of the new airport was
not completed; in 2021, the Komi authorities proposed to abandon the
completion of the airport.
City transport is represented by buses. In 2022, 40 city bus routes
operated in Syktyvkar. In addition, two bus routes (101, 174) pass
through the city from the village of Vylgort, adjacent to the city. Most
routes are served by PAZ buses. In 2016, as part of an investment
project for operation on city routes, 40 NefAZ-5299 buses running on gas
motor fuel were purchased.
The price for travel on buses in the
city of Syktyvkar from January 30, 2022 is 30 rubles. Tickets on
intracity buses are sold by conductors or drivers; on some routes,
payment is made through contactless validators.
In 1965, a
"children's" bus operated in Syktyvkar, which delivered children to
kindergarten in the morning and home in the evening.
Cheap
McDonald's.
Cafe-pancake "Maslyanitsa" ,
Kommunisticheskaya str., 4. Convenient location in the center,
self-service. Russian cuisine, soups, pies, pancakes. Jun 2018 edit
There are also food cords in the June and Maxi shopping malls.
KFC. Mall "Parma"
Expensive
Hotel "Syktyvkar", Kommunisticheskaya str., 67. 3500 r
for a standard single room
Avalon Hotel.
Palace Hotel.
The city is located in the southwestern part of the Komi Republic on
the left bank of the Sysola River at its confluence with the Vychegda,
1003 km northeast of Moscow (1264 km by road).
It borders on the
Syktyvdinsky and Kortkerossky districts.
Syktyvkar is located in the MSK time zone (Moscow time). The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +3:00. According to the applied time and geographic longitude, the average solar noon in Syktyvkar occurs at 11:37.
The average annual temperature is +1.3 °C.
The average annual wind
speed is 2.6 m/s.
The average annual air humidity is 77%.
The
climate of Syktyvkar is temperate continental, with short but rather
warm summers and rather cold long winters. Frosts are possible even in
July, while autumn and spring are cold and long. The city of Syktyvkar
is equated with the regions of the Far North.
A significant part of the city is covered with taiga, mostly
coniferous forests of the middle taiga subzone of spruce and pine with
an admixture of fir and birch, less often - aspen. Spruce forests are
confined to watersheds, where boulder loams are common. Pine forests
grow on the forest terraces and in the development zone of fluvioglacial
deposits. Deciduous forests are widespread in the valleys of some
rivers. About 2.5% of the territory is occupied by swamps.
The
forest vegetation that formed the green zone around Syktyvkar occupies
51.1 thousand hectares. Currently, the green zone of the city is almost
1.5 times higher than the established standard.
There are two
parks in Syktyvkar: Michurinsky and Kirovsky.
There are about 40 large enterprises in Syktyvkar, among which the
most harmful from the point of view of ecology is the largest timber
processing enterprise in Russia - Mondi Syktyvkarsky LPK. From the
beginning of the 21st century, the enterprise began to introduce new
technologies to reduce the level of waste and harmful substances emitted
into the atmosphere. So, the plant no longer uses chlorine, and the
bleaching of the coniferous stream is carried out in a chlorine-free
way, by launching a special workshop.
Another "harmful" company
is Komiteks, a manufacturer of nonwovens and synthetic fibers.
The first educational institution appeared in the city in 1822 - the
parochial school at the Trinity Cathedral. The school huddled in a room
unsuitable for an educational institution: two small rooms on the first
floor of the bell tower of the Trinity Cathedral, at the entrance to the
corridor leading to the temple - a noisy and crowded place.
Subsequently, the school was transferred to the former town hall
building. The superintendent was usually the rector of the cathedral,
and the teachers were appointed by the diocesan council from among the
priests or graduates of the seminary. The school existed until the end
of the 60s of the XIX century and was closed due to the small number of
students - it could not withstand competition with other schools in the
city.
From 1861 to 1865, the poet I. A. Kuratov, an educated man
who adhered to advanced views, taught at the parochial school from 1861
to 1865 (another graduate of the Vologda Seminary was originally planned
for the place provided to Kuratov at his request).
In 1835, a
parish school was opened in Ust-Sysolsk at the request of the “city
society”. By that time, educational institutions appeared in 8 out of 10
cities of the Vologda province. 560 rubles were allocated from the city
treasury for the maintenance of the new institution, another 237 rubles.
30 kop. for textbooks collected among the townspeople by subscription.
Merchant I. Novoselov was elected overseer. We found teachers, collected
textbooks, served the prayer service as it should be, read out the
points from the rules, and the school set about the noble cause of
educating the youth. Unlike the parochial school, this school was
financed by the city (since 1870, partly by subsidies from the Zemstvo).
Children of "all conditions" were accepted into the school. Education
there was free. In the early years, the parish school occupied a house
donated to it by the merchant Novoselov. Then this building was
transferred to the county school.
On March 13, 1840, the grand
opening of the Ust-Sysolsk district school took place. Pupils and
teachers first went to the service at the Trinity Cathedral, then a
“prayer service” took place with the water blessing of the school
building, “speech befitting this occasion” were read, in which the
generosity of the “fathers of the city” was extolled and the exciting
prospects for public education opening up with the beginning of school
work. The district school was maintained not by the city, but by the
state treasury. Moreover, considerable sums were allocated for it - up
to 5.5 thousand rubles in silver, so it lived relatively well. Since
1881, the Zemstvo also helped the school.
After the completion of
negotiations between the city authorities and the merchants Sukhanovs in
1850, a stone house owned by the Sukhanovs on Pokrovskaya Street (now
Ordzhonikidze Street) was bought for the school for 2285 rubles. Until
1873, education in it was free, and then they began to charge students a
fee - 2 rubles a year. The county school, which belonged to the type of
elevated primary schools, provided a more extensive education. Schools
of this type since 1828 were three-year. In addition to the obligatory
law of God, they studied the Russian language, calligraphy, arithmetic
and geometry, history, geography, drawing and drawing.
In 1858,
the first school for girls was opened (before that, only boys were
admitted to educational institutions) - a second-class women's school
(it was a two-year school with a two-year course in each class) with a
program close to the course of the county school. In addition, they
taught needlework. The initiator of the opening of the school was the
superintendent of the Ust-Sysolsk schools E. Kichin. Before the
construction of the school house was completed in September 1859, I.
Zaboev sheltered him. Initially, there were only two people on the
staff: the warden of the school, E. Klyachina, and her assistant,
Podyakova. Later, other teachers were also paid.
On August 24,
1872, by decision of the Holy Synod, the Ust-Sysolsky Theological School
was opened, which was not classified as a secondary school. In October
1890, the school received a new stone two-story building (designed by
the Vologda architect Fedorov) along Naberezhnaya Street (now Kirov
Street).
The course of study at the school was 4 years. Studied:
the Law of God, church charter, sacred history, Orthodox catechism,
Russian, Church Slavonic, Greek and Latin languages and other subjects.
Mostly children of clergymen studied. Education was paid. The training
was conducted in Russian. At first, the teachers of the school were
graduates of the Vologda Theological Seminary, then the Moscow and Kazan
Theological Academies, many of whom had a Ph.D. in theology, which
predetermined the high quality of education. At the end of October 1917,
the school ceased its work.
In 1931, the Komi Pedagogical Faculty
was opened in Syktyvkar, and in January 1932, in the building of the
former Theological School, the Komi State Pedagogical Institute (KSPI)
with 4 faculties was opened - the first higher educational institution
in the Komi ASSR.
In 1941, the Base of the Academy of Sciences of
the USSR for the study of the North was formed, which in 1949 was
transformed into the Komi branch of the Academy of Sciences.
February 10, 1972 Syktyvkar State University was founded. The first
rector of the university was Doctor of Geographical Sciences V. A.
Vityazeva.
Now Syktyvkar is one of the largest scientific centers
in the European North of Russia. There are about 30 specialized
institutions in the city that carry out research and development work.
The leading research institutions of the republic are united in the Komi
Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
which includes: institutes of chemistry, geology, biology, language,
literature and history, physiology, economic and social problems of the
North, department of energy, mathematics and centralized services.
Higher education
Higher educational institutions of the city of
Syktyvkar:
Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin
Syktyvkar Forest Institute
University "SYNERGY" in Syktyvkar
Komi
Republican Academy of Public Administration and Management
Branch of
St. Petersburg State University of Service and Economics
Branch of
the Russian University of Cooperation
Branch of the Modern
Humanitarian Academy
Representation of the Vyatka State University
for the Humanities.
Secondary, preschool and additional education
Syktyvkar has 28 secondary schools, 6 gymnasiums, 7 lyceums, 2 evening
schools, 1 progymnasium, 1 correctional school for children with mental
disabilities, 9 boarding schools, 2 art schools and a number of
additional education institutions, which, as a rule, are located at
educational schools.
The pre-revolutionary medical care of Ust-Sysolsk was represented by
one doctor and two paramedics. The local hospital had 25 beds, home
remedies were common, and many people were treated by healers. In 1913,
the tsarist government allocated 86 rubles for the needs of medicine.
There are 13 municipal healthcare institutions in Syktyvkar, of
which 4 are located on the territory of the Ezhvinsky district of the
city. The Republican Children's Hospital is also located here.
In
addition, the state institution "Komi Republican Psychiatric Hospital"
and the municipal budgetary health care institution "Syktyvkar ambulance
station" operate on the territory of the Ezhvinsky district.
There are many sports facilities in Syktyvkar: swimming pools,
stadiums, gyms, youth schools.
Winter sports are developing in
the city: bandy (HC Stroitel, winner of the Major League of the Russian
Bandy Championship of the season 2016/2017), snowboarding, skiing and
speed skating, figure skating. Mini-football plays an important role in
the sports life of the city. The Syktyvkar futsal team "New Generation"
plays in the Super League, and its subsidiary club - "The Wallet" plays
in the First League "Ural" zone of domestic futsal.
Women's (BK
"Nika", Major League of Russia) and men's (BK Syktyvkar State
University, Russian Student Basketball Association) basketball,
swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, boxing and various martial arts are also
developing. Ice races "Super Spike" are regularly held.
Skiing is
traditionally developed, there are three official ski tracks in the
city: Republican Ski Complex named after. R. Smetanina, the Dynamo ski
base and the Vezhdino ski base of Mondi Syktyvkar LPK OJSC, as well as
many unofficial tracks (Krasnozatonsky village, Lesozavod locality,
Orbita).
The Orbita swimming pool (opened on February 5, 2016) is
located near the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology of SSU in the Orbite
microdistrict, built on a wasteland on the former state farm fields of
Tentyukovo. The name was chosen following an open competition out of 200
options. The three-story building of the Orbita pool includes 2 baths: a
small bowl for children under 12 years old and an adult one with 10
swimming lanes 50 meters long (depth - 3.4 meters). On the third floor
there are stands for 650 people.
From January 26 to 29, 2017, the
city hosted the Bandy World Championship among juniors. In February
2018, it became known that the right to host the World Championship
among men's teams in 2021 was entrusted to Syktyvkar, and the stadium
was reconstructed in preparation for the championship.
In Syktyvkar, 40 management companies, 117 homeowners' associations
serve and manage the housing stock, in total - 178 organizations. The
housing stock is 2,265 houses with an area of 4,399,702.26 m2.
Most of the districts of Syktyvkar are built up with high-rise
comfortable buildings, but at the same time, almost every one of them
always has a certain percentage of dilapidated wooden housing and
private houses.
In the capital of Komi, the share of "Khrushchev"
buildings in five, nine and fourteen-story versions prevails. As well as
wooden two-story houses, many of them are included in the resettlement
program. The government of the republic and the city is building new
houses for migrants in different parts of the city: Kochpon, Chit,
Rucheynaya.
As of 2016, there is an active development of new
residential complexes. As of November 2016, there are dozens of
residential complexes under construction.
From 2013 to 2017, a
program was carried out to relocate from dilapidated and dilapidated
housing - as a rule, these are wooden two-story buildings.
Planning, urban planning and sights
XVI-XVIII centuries
The oldest
buildings were built at the beginning of the 19th century, although the
“village at the mouth of the Sysola” has been known in historical
documents since 1586. In the scribe book for the Sysolsky volost of
1586, in the Ust-Sysolsky churchyard, a church, 3 courtyards of clergy
and 6 courtyards of peasants are listed. In 1628, a customs hut was
opened in Ust-Sysolsk to collect duties on imported goods, in 1646 a
second wooden church appeared and the number of courtyards was 76. At
the beginning of the 18th century, the Sukhanov merchant family moved to
Ust-Sysolsk. In 1740, at the expense of the Sukhanovs, a brick Church of
the Intercession was built, and in 1768, a brick Trinity Cathedral.
Stone churches stood until the 1930s. and photographs of them have been
preserved.
In 1783, the architects of the "Commission of
Buildings" P. R. Nikitin and P. I. Obukhov developed the "Plan of the
city of Ust-Sysolsk", in which the experience of St. Petersburg was
used. It was based on a three-beam system in combination with a
rectangular layout. The central square and front embankment were
designed. With its facade, the city opened up on the river. Sysolu. The
streets were arranged in beams radiating from the river and in arcs
parallel to it. From the city square (now Stefanovskaya) the streets
diverge in two directions: from east to west and from north to south,
forming clear squares of quarters. In total, the plan outlined 26
quarters, 12 streets and 476 planned places for building houses. In the
document of 1783, such streets as 1st Longitudinal, 2nd Cross,
Embankment, Pokrovskaya were recorded.
By personal decree of
January 16 (27), 1784, the master plan for the development of
Ust-Sysolsk was approved. According to him, the small villages adjacent
to it entered the city: Vichkodor, Podgorye, Kirul, Half, Kokulkar,
Mikulsikt, Izkar, Kotinev (Kotyunev), Tentyukovgrezd, Titovgrezd,
Ganyagrezd.
In 1733, construction began on a one-story stone
Intercession Church, consecrated in 1740. In 1792, construction began on
the second floor of the same building of the Spassky Church, consecrated
in 1808.
In 1753-1768, a stone Trinity Church was built in the
neighborhood. Later, a bell tower was added to it. All together they
made up the Trinity Cathedral on the banks of the Sysola.
The
Sukhanov House (1804) is a monument of stone architecture of the 19th
century. It was built according to a "model" project drawn up at the end
of the 18th century and today is the oldest stone building in Syktyvkar.
In 1820, the Church of the Ascension was built in Kirul.
In
1856-1882, the Stefanovsky Cathedral was erected, the lower church of
which has been operating since 1883. In 1896, the upper church was
consecrated on the second floor of the building.
The second half
of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century
In the 2nd
half of the 19th century, civilian stone buildings were built: the
Suvorovs' house (1879), the courtyard of the Ulyanovsk monastery (1881),
the religious school (1890), the shop of the merchant Derbenev, etc.
Another historical and architectural monument is a religious school
(seminary) built in 1890. Now it's a museum.
The construction of
civil buildings expanded more widely at the beginning of the 20th
century. The buildings of the craft school (1906) and the fire
department (1907), the women's gymnasium (1914) and the county zemstvo
hospital (1916) were built. In terms of architectural features, the
building of the religious school on the street is of the greatest
interest. Kirov, built according to the project of the Vologda architect
V. Fedorov, and a fire tower on the street. Soviet.
Soviet period
During the years of Soviet power, the construction of public buildings
in the city of Syktyvkar began. The stone buildings of the Regional
Executive Committee (1926), the State Bank (1932, architect V.P.
Stepanov), the Drama Theater (1932, architect Shcherbakov, Moscow), the
Press House (1936, architect Notkin, Moscow), the Republican Hospital
(1938, architects Kaplun and Lerman, Moscow), the Pedagogical Institute
and the Sever Hotel (1938, I. A. Minin). All these buildings were built
in the style of "constructivism".
In 1938, according to the
project of A.V. Zikeev, the building of the NKVD was built, now the
Ministry of Internal Affairs with an 8-column portico. Since that time,
they began to use the classical heritage in architecture again.
In 1939, the cinema "Rodina" was built according to the project of
Izotov and the first fully comfortable residential building on the
street. Kirov, 28 designed by F. A. Tentyukova with an arch and a
symmetrical arrangement of balconies.
In the 1950s, both public
and residential buildings were built in the classicist style. This is
the regional council of trade unions, residential buildings on the
street. Soviet (designed by A. V. Zikeev), the Palace of Pioneers
(designed by F. A. Tentyukova).
In 1953, a new project for the
planning and development of Syktyvkar was drawn up (author A. A.
Shestakov).
In January 1955, the Council of Ministers of the
RSFSR approved a new master plan for the development of Syktyvkar.
In 1958, the monumental building of the Republican Library with
columns of the Corinthian order was built (authors Lopatto and
Lysyakov).
In 1961, the building of the Komi Regional Committee
of the CPSU was built, in 1964 - the airport terminal.
On
February 2, 1964, the building of the railway station was opened, built
by Construction and Assembly Train No. 235 of Pechorstroy.
In
1968, a musical theater was built according to the project of A. D.
Turchaninov.
In the 1960s, the concept of mass housing
development changed. The construction of large-panel housing
construction plants predetermined the design and development of very
limited and rigid standard projects. For the first time in the practice
of building up Syktyvkar, large planning formations appeared -
residential areas.
In January 1969, the first nine-story brick
house on Oktyabrsky Prospekt was put into operation.
On October
8, 1971, the first hot water boiler PTVM-50 with a capacity of 50 Gcal/h
was put into operation at the Central Exhibition Complex. From this
moment the district heating supply of Syktyvkar begins.
On July
6, 1972, in the big hall of the House of Political Education of the Komi
Regional Committee of the CPSU, an exit meeting of the Gosstroy of the
RSFSR was held, which approved the main provisions of the new master
plan for Syktyvkar for the period up to 2000.
In 1972, a bridge
was built across the Sysola in the direction of Krasnozatonsky.
On March 30, 1973, water from the Vychegda River came to the homes of
Syktyvkar residents through a new pipeline.
On June 8, 1973, the
Executive Committee of the City Council decides on the design and
construction of a new educational campus of Syktyvkar State University
in the Tentyukovo area (near Orbita).
On June 19, 1973, the
leaders of the regional and city committees of the party, the Council of
Ministers of the Komi ASSR, the executive committee of the city council
at the Komigrazhdanproject Institute considered and approved the main
directions for building the Oktyabrsky residential area of the capital.
On October 22, 1973, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved
a new (sixth in a row) master plan for Syktyvkar, calculated until the
year 2000. The first general plan (building plan) of Ust-Sysolsk
(Syktyvkar) was approved on January 16, 1784.
December 21, 1973
Syktyvkar clothing factory "Komsomolskaya Pravda" celebrated a
housewarming party in a new building on Pervomaiskaya street.
On
June 28, 1974, a rally of the workers of Syktyvkar took place on the
square near the musical theater, dedicated to the laying of a stone on
the site of the future monument to I. A. Kuratov (in honor of the 135th
anniversary of his birth).
On August 1, 1974, the final version
of the project for the new building of the Syktyvkar City Executive
Committee on Babushkin Street was approved.
On September 9, 1974,
a new building of the Consulate of the People's Republic of Bulgaria was
put into operation on Babushkin Street.
On May 9, 1975, a
monument was laid - the Monument of Glory - to the people of Syktyvkar
who died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. (near the Press
House). On August 20, 1981, the grand opening of the memorial took
place.
When designing the Western residential area, the project
was based on the task of emphasizing the importance of the main street
of the district and the city - Communist by means of architecture
(project architect V. Senkin). For 3 km from the Sysola embankment to
the railway station, it appeared in the project as a suite of squares
strung along the entire street. The best buildings for those times were
built on all squares. Buildings of the House of Soviets (V. Shirshov, G.
Ilyashenko), a philharmonic society and a bank grew up on Stefanovskaya
Square.
At the intersection of Sovetskaya and Kuratova streets,
the building of the Kuratovsky District Committee of the CPSU was built
in 1985, now the Republican Diagnostic Center is located there. The
authors of the project are A. Rakin and P. Reznikov. The building has an
interesting shape and texture of the facade.
After 1991
In the
summer of 1993, the final draft of the master plan for Syktyvkar was
adopted, made by the Russian Research and Design Institute of Urban
Studies (chief architect - O. V. Krasovskaya, project leader - I. S.
Maizel). On December 11, 2009, the deputies of the Komi capital approved
a new master plan for Syktyvkar.
Central and local (city and republican) print and electronic media
are represented in Syktyvkar.
A television
On May 1, 1964,
Syktyvkar television broadcast for the first time a program created at
the city studio - a report from the May Day demonstration. And on July
2, 1964, the grand opening of the Syktyvkar television studio took
place. In October 1967, the Orbita television receiving station began
operating in Syktyvkar, which made it possible to receive Central
Television programs from Moscow. In 1970, the Kirov-Syktyvkar radio
relay line began to operate, which made it possible to receive
television programs from central television on the first program. In
1981, the Syktyvkar television center began to broadcast in color.
Federal channels are broadcast in Syktyvkar, as well as local ones
(GTRK Komi Gor and TV channel Yurgan), broadcasting both in Russian and
Komi. The TV channel "Yurgan" broadcasts on the air of the OTR channel
as part of the first Russian digital television multiplex in the Komi
Republic, as well as via cable, satellite television and in IP
television packages.
There are two cable operators in the city:
Cablevideoether LLC and MediaInform LLC. It is also possible to use the
services of IP-television from Rostelecom.
radio stations
88.3
MHz "Vesti FM";
90.4 MHz "Radio Chanson";
90.8 MHz "Radio Mayak";
91.6 MHz "Radio of Russia" / "GTRK Komi Gor";
92.0 MHz (PLAN)
"Children's Radio";
95.7 MHz (PLAN) "Radio Pi FM";
98.9 MHz "Radio
Dacha";
99.3 MHz "Radio Zvezda";
99.9 MHz (PLAN) "Humor FM";
100.3 MHz "Europe Plus";
100.8 MHz "Comedy Radio";
101.3 MHz "New
Radio";
101.8 MHz "Autoradio";
102.3 MHz "Love Radio";
102.7
MHz "Hit FM";
103.2 MHz "DFM";
103.8 MHz "Retro FM";
104.2 MHz
"Radio Record";
104.8 MHz "Road Radio";
105.2 MHz "Russian Radio";
105.6 MHz "Radio MIR";
Newspapers
The newspapers Tribuna,
Respublika (published by the government and the Komi State Council), Pro
City of Syktyvkar, Panorama of the Capital and others are published in
the city.
News agencies
Youth portal of the Republic of Komi
"Your Parallel", information portal "City11. Site of the city of
Syktyvkar.
Cultural and sports events, various exhibitions and festivals are
regularly held in Syktyvkar and its suburbs. Among the most famous and
visited of them:
City Day (June 12);
Komi Republic Day (August
22);
Komi Writing Day (every third Sunday in May);
"Wide
Shrovetide";
"Shondiban" (from Komi-zyr. - "Face of the Sun") - a
republican holiday of folk art;
"Syktyvkarsa Tulys" (from Komi-zyr. -
"Syktyvkar Spring") - an international festival of opera and ballet art;
"Zarni dzhydzhyas" (from Komi-zyr. - "Golden Swallows") - an
international festival of professional ballet art of the Finno-Ugric
regions;
"Master of the Year" is a republican exhibition of arts and
crafts and folk art crafts.
On February 13, 1933, the Presidium of the Syktyvkar City Council
banned the ringing of bells in the Trinity Cathedral as disturbing the
working people of the city. On March 2, 1933, the Presidium of the
All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to liquidate the
building of the Trinity Cathedral in Syktyvkar.
November 1, 1929
- Soyuzkino expedition led by N. Lebedev arrived in the city. Filming of
the documentary "Soviet North" began with Ust-Sysolsk and the
surrounding villages.
On May 1, 1966, a time bomb was defused
under the government podium on Yubileinaya Square in Syktyvkar.
In 1990, scenes for the film ...Nicknamed "The Beast" (directed by
Alexander Muratov) were filmed in Syktyvkar. Several episodes of the
film were filmed at the Syktyvkar railway station. In corrective labor
colony No. 1 in the village of Upper Chov, scenes about camp life were
filmed. Filming took place with the participation of real regime
officers and convicts.
Syktyvkar is a member of the Union of
Russian Cities.