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Ulan-Ude (until 1934 - Verkhneudinsk, the Bur. Ulaan Үde khoto) is a city of republican subordination in Russia, the capital of the Republic of Buryatia. It forms an urban district of the city of Ulan-Ude. It is large cultural, scientific, industrial center of Eastern Siberia. Sustainable epithets can be applied to Ulan-Ude: The heart of Russian Asia and the Sunny City on the shores of Baikal.
Ulan-Ude is located in Western Transbaikalia, one hundred kilometers east of Lake Baikal, in the Ivolgino-Uda intermountain basin, on both banks of the Selenga River, at the confluence of the Uda River into it. The depression is a vast depression extended from the southwest to the northeast, and limited from the northwest to the Khamar-Daban ranges, from the north by the Ulan-Burgasy ridge, from the southeast to the Tsagan-Daban ridge.
The city has a rectangular street layout.
The
city has many settlements remote from each other, the most famous of
them are: "Zagorsk", "Vostochny", "Burvod", "PVZ", "Shishkovka",
"Kvartala", etc.
Administratively, Ulan-Ude is divided into three
districts: Sovetsky, Zheleznodorozhny and Oktyabrsky. The main street of
the city is Lenin, the central part of which is pedestrian and is
popularly called "Arbat".
Buddhist temples
1 Datsan "Khambyn Khure",
Verkhnyaya Berezovka.
2 Rimpoche Bagsha Buddhist Center, Bald
Mountain.
3 Datsan "Dharma", Builders Avenue, 46a.
4 Buddhist
women's datsan "Zungon Darzhaling", Klyuchevskaya, 56a. The only female
datsan in Russia.
Church architecture
5 St. Odigitrievsky
Cathedral.
6 Holy Trinity Church, st. Kuibyshev, 37.
7 Church of
St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, Revolutsii 1905, 56a. ☎ +7(3012)28-30-42.
07:30-19:00.
8 Roman Catholic Church, Builders Avenue, 3. ☎ +7(3012)
42-80-50.
Buildings and constructions
9 House of the merchant
Rosenstein, st. Sukhe-Bator, 16 (Soviet Square). Modern.
10 Opera and
Ballet Theatre, Soviet Square. Architectural monument. One of the most
beautiful buildings in the city.
11 Arch "Royal Gates", st. Lenin.
12 House of the merchant Kapelman, st. Lenina, 30 (Arbat). House with
Atlantes.
13 House of the merchant Goldobin, st. Lenina, 26 (Arbat).
Wooden architecture.
14 Seating rows, Revolution Square.
15 House
of the merchant Kurbatov, st. Lenina, 27. The richest house in
Verkhneudinsk. Classicism.
16 House of Merchants Chernykh, st.
Cathedral, 7a. Wooden architecture.
17 Pakholkov House, st.
Cathedral, 3B. One of the oldest stone buildings in Verkhneudinsk.
Monuments
18 Monument to Lenin.
19 Monument to Gesar.
20 Sculptural composition "Mother Buryatia".
21 Monument to the
Hero of Russia Aldar Tsydenzhapov. Monument to the Hero of Russia Aldar
Tsydenzhapov
22 Victory Memorial.
23 Monument to the victims of
political repressions, Republic of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude, Sobornaya st., 8.
Museums
1 Ethnographic Museum of the Peoples of
Transbaikalia, Ulan-Ude, Upper Berezovka. ✉ ☎ +7 (3012) 44-33-10,
33-25-10. Summer: from 09.30 to 18.00; on weekends - from 10.00 to
19.00. In winter: from 09.00 to 17.00.. The ticket price for adults is
100 rubles, for students - 60 rubles, for schoolchildren and pensioners
- 50 rubles. Get there: by shuttle bus No. 37
2 Museum of the History
of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude, st. Profsoyuznaya, 29. ☎ +7 (3012) 21-40-08,
21-06-53.
3 Art Museum. Ts.S. Sampilov, Ulan-Ude, st. Kuibysheva, 29.
☎ + 7 (3012) 21-29-09, 21-43-93.
12 Museum of Literature of Buryatia
named after Hots Namsaraev.
4 Museum of Nature of Buryatia, st.
Lenina, 46.
Theaters
5 Buryat State Academic Opera and Ballet
Theatre, Ulan-Ude, st. Lenina, 51. ☎ +7 (3012) 21-39-13, 21-44-54.
6
Buryat State Academic Drama Theatre, Ulan-Ude, st. Kuibysheva, 38. ☎ +7
(3012) 22-25-37, 64-14-55, 22-25-46.
7 Puppet theater "Ulger",
Ulan-Ude, st. Lenina, 46. ☎ +7 (3012) 21-80-37, 21-22-92.
8 Song and
Dance Theater “Baikal”, Ulan-Ude, st. Erbanova, 6. ☎ +7 (3012) 21-78-96,
43-05-06.
State Circus of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude, Pobedy Ave., 17. ✉ ☎ +7
(3012) 22-36-56, 46-12-29.
9 Russian Drama Theater named after N. A.
Bestuzhev, st. Tereshkova, 9A. ☎ +7 (3012) 23-26-06.
Cinemas
10 Cinema "Eurozone", st. Baltakhinova, 13. ☎ +7(3012) 297-600
(inquiry). 09.00-24.00 (Sunday-Thursday), 09.00-02.00 (Friday,
Saturday). 101-250 rubles.
11 Cinema "People's Cinema", st. Zherdeva,
104b. ☎ +7(3012) 278-444, +7 (3012) 4222-757 (voice answering machine),
21-50-77 (cash desk). 09.00-22.30. 101-250 rubles.
4D!, IMAX
12 Pioneer cinema. RGB cinema, st. Ship, 32. ☎ +7(3012) 220-220.
09.00-22.30. 101-250 rubles.
4D!
13 "Capital Cinema", shopping
center "Capital Mall", Avtomobilistov Ave., 4A, Ulan-Ude, Rep. Buryatia.
☎ 8 (301) 248-06-20. 09:00 - 21:00. 100 - 300 rubles. Fully digital
cinema with eight cinema halls of superior comfort, the halls are
equipped with modern digital equipment, floating screens, novelties in
the sound system.
By plane
Baikal International Airport (IATA:UUD).
As of June 2017, the airport receives 16 flights. International flights
are operated - Beijing (China), Manchuria (China), Seoul (South Korea),
Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia) There is a connection with the following cities
of Russia: Moscow, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Chita, Yakutsk,
Vladivostok, Blagoveshchensk. In the republic, communication in the
following directions: Nizhneangarsk, Taksimo.
By train
Ulan-Ude is located on the Trans-Siberian. The railway station is
located in the city center. All trains on the Moscow-Vladivostok,
Moscow-Ulaanbaatar, Moscow-Beijing lines stop in Ulan-Ude.
By car
The federal highway P258 "Baikal" passes through Ulan-Ude, connecting
Irkutsk and Chita. You can get from Mongolia to Ulan-Ude through
automobile crossings in the city of Kyakhta and the village of Mondy
(Tunkinsky district).
By bus
Shuttle minibuses can be reached
from the forecourt of Irkutsk station.
The most popular form of public transport in Ulan-Ude is fixed-route taxis. The fare to all parts of the city is 20 rubles. Regular buses and trams also run. The cost of the bus - 20 rubles, the tram - 15, payment to the conductor. There are no problems with private taxis - a large selection of taxi companies.
1 Shopping center "Capital", st. Lenina, 44. ☎
+7(3012) 21-67-84. Center. Cafes, ATMs, beauty salons
2 Shopping and
entertainment center "Eurozone", st. Baltakhinova, 13. ✉ ☎ +7(3012)
29-76-00 - a single information desk.
3 Shopping and entertainment
center "Pioneer", st. Ship, 32.. ☎ +7(3012) 220-220.. 09:00-22:30. Cafe,
cinema, ATMs, salons.
Souvenirs
Souvenirs can be purchased at
specialized studio shops in the very center of the city. For example, in
the pedestrian part of Lenin Street, called Arbat. In the Elevator area
there is a specialized store of Buryat souvenirs. A good selection of
authentic souvenirs can be found on the 3rd floor of the Sibir shopping
center.
4 Ethno-market "ZAM , Sukhe-Bator str., 16 A. ☎ +7(301)
221-11-97. 10:00-20:00.
5 Shop of national souvenirs "Souvenir
House", st. Lenina, 31. ☎ +7(3012)21-19-03. 10:00-20:00.
The national dish is buuzy (a Russified version is
poses). It is also worth trying and taking with you smoked omul, sulfur
(chewing gum made from the resin of coniferous trees), pine nuts.
Finding a place to eat is not a problem in Ulan-Ude. At every step
you can find buuz (posture), snack bars, cafes, restaurants, fast foods,
canteens. There are even street food establishments, which are quite
rare for the harsh Siberian climate.
Cheap
1 Snack bar
"Palma", St. Sverdlov, 13. ☎ +7(3012) 65-28-62, 631-444. Buryat,
European cuisine. Inexpensive, delicious. Center.
✦ Dining room
"Appetit". ☎ +7(3012) 21-14-29. Chain of dining rooms of European
cuisine. Modern, fast, tasty and high quality.
2 , st. Lenina, 55
(pl. Soviets).
12 , st. Lenina, 30a.
12 , st. Tereshkova, d.2v.
12 , Klyuchevskaya st., 41.
12 , BKM, d.14a.
3 Dining room
“Our Kitchen”, 28a, 50th Anniversary of October Ave. ☎ +7(3012) 294-291,
303-777. 08:00 - 17:00. Buryat, European cuisine. Tasty and inexpensive.
Average cost
4 Restaurant "Modern Nomads", st. Ranzhurova, 1. ☎
+7(3012) 21-47-67, 21-45-09. Mongolian cuisine. Center.
5 Resto-club
"Che Guevara", st. Khotsa Namsaraeva, 7 A. ☎ +7(3012) 46-11-00.
European, Caucasian cuisine.
6 Pub & Grill Churchill, st. Lenina, 55
(pl. Soviets). ☎ +7(3012) 21-72-00. 12.00-02.00. Large selection of
quality beers.
7 Restaurant "Tengis", st. Yerbanova, 12. ✉ ☎ +7
(3012) 21-89-84. 11:00–1:00. There are national dishes, there is a
Buryat flavor in the interior.
Expensive
8 Restaurant "Genghis
Khan", Karl Marx Boulevard, 25 a. ✉ ☎ +7(3012) 41-50-50. 11.00-02.00.
Author's cuisine - Buryat, Mongolian, European. Exquisite interior.
Buryat-Mongolian music.
9 "Mergen" restaurant, st. Borsoeva, 19b. ☎
+7(3012) 200-300. 12.00-24.00. Unobtrusive elegance of interiors,
atmosphere of coziness, comfort and elegance, exclusive author's cuisine
in the best Siberian and national traditions.
Peoples Park, 43rd block, st. Zherdev.
Zclub, st.
Zherdev 2b.
GoodZone, stop Lyceum No. 24.
Cheap
1 Hotel complex "Barguzin", st. Sovetskaya,
28. ✉ ☎ +7 (3012) 21-57-46, fax: +7 (3012) 21-57-46. Single economy -
990 rubles. City center.
2 Hotel complex "ODON", Gagarin St., 43. ☎
+7(3012) 44-34-80. Single economy - 1 150/1 300 rubles.
3 Hotel
"Ayan-Hotel", st. Babushkina, 164. ✉ ☎ +7(3012) 415-222 (booking
service), 415-141 (reception), fax: +7 (3012) 338-005. Single economy -
750 rubles.
Average cost
4 Hotel Buryatia, st. Communist, 47a.
✉ ☎ 8 800 250 69 24 (toll-free within Russia), +7 (3012) 214-222,
210-316, 213-007. Single standard - 2100 rubles. City center.
5 Hotel complex "Baikal Plaza"****, st. Erbanova, 12 (Square of the
Soviets). ✉ ☎ +7 (3012) 21-00-70, 21-08-38. Single "Comfort" - 3,700
rubles. City center.
6 Hotel "Siberia" ****, st. Post Office, 1. ✉ ☎
+7 (3012) 297-257, 218-604. Single category 1 - 3000 rubles. City
center.
7 Sagaan Morin Hotel, st. Gagarina, 25. ✉ ☎ +7 (3012)
44-40-19, 44-70-52. Single standard - 3 800 rubles. City center.
8
"Geser" hotel, st. Ranzhurova, 11. ✉ ☎ +7(3012) 21-61-51. Single
standard - 3,300 rubles. City center.
Expensive
9 Hotel
"Mergen Bator", st. Borsoeva, 19b. ✉ ☎ +7(3012) 200-002. "Mergen Bator"
is a combination of European comfort, modern technology and exquisite
interior with national elements. Accommodation includes a continental
breakfast, high-speed wireless internet, access to a fitness club with a
sauna and a swimming pool. Business and cultural center of the city.
In the country
Yurt camping Altargana, with. Lower Oriole, st.
field, 2.
All the "big four" mobile communications operate in Ulan-Ude: Tele2, MTS, Megafon, Beeline.
Ulan-Ude is a fairly safe city, but you should still take the usual precautions, such as avoiding visiting outlying areas at night. There are always a lot of people in the central part of the city, so if you behave reasonably, problems are unlikely to arise.
The history of the city began with the founding in 1666 by
Russian Cossacks of the Udinskoye winter hut, built to collect yasak
from local Tungus clans and located on the high right bank of the
Uda River, near its mouth.
Since 1678 it has been known as
the Udinsky Ostrog.
In 1689 it was turned into the
Verkhneudinskaya fortress. In 1690, the prison received the status
of a city and the name Udinsk, in 1735 the settlement was renamed
Verkhneudinsk.
In 1775, it received the status of a city and
a coat of arms according to the Charter of Liberties for the cities
of Catherine II, since 1783 it has been a county town of the Irkutsk
province. In the XVIII - early XX centuries - the administrative,
military, cultural, commercial and industrial center of Western
Transbaikalia - Transbaikal region, as well as the administrative
center of Verkhneudinsky district.
After 1917, Verkhneudinsk
became the center of the Baikal province; in April-October 1920 -
the capital of the Far Eastern Republic (FER); since May 30, 1923 -
the capital of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR.
On July 27, 1934,
by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of
the USSR, it was renamed Ulan-Ude (bur. Ulaan Υde - Krasnaya Uda) ..
On July 7, 1957, in connection with the renaming of the
republic, it became the capital of the Buryat ASSR.
On
October 5, 1971, the village of Zabaikalsky was transferred from the
administrative subordination of the Oktyabrsky district of the city
of Ulan-Ude to the Ulan-Ude district.
Since March 27, 1992,
Ulan-Ude has been the capital of the subject of the Russian
Federation, the Republic of Buryatia.
The Law of the Republic
of Buryatia dated March 9, 2010 No. 1313-IV “On Amendments to the
Law of the Republic of Buryatia“ On the Establishment of Boundaries,
Formation and Giving the Status of Municipalities in the Republic of
Buryatia “” the urban-type settlements of Zarechny, Sokol, the
settlements of Zabaikalsky, Istok, Soldatsky, Stepnoy, Tulunzha, the
village at the Mostovoy station were excluded from the number of
settlements and included in the city of Ulan-Ude.
In 1666, the Uda winter hut was founded by the name of the Uda River, a tributary of the Selenga (in the ancient Mongolian "uda" - "calm, quiet current"). In 1689, the Udinsk winter hut was transformed into the Udinsk prison. In 1735-1773 the settlement was mentioned as a suburb of Udinsk, since 1775 - the provincial town of Udinsk, since 1783 - the county town of Verkhneudinsk. According to E. M. Pospelov, the formant verkhne- in the name of the city in this case does not mean “upstream” (since the city is located at the mouth of the Uda, that is, at the very bottom of its course), but was used to distinguish it from the city of Nizhneudinsk, located on the Uda River, a tributary of the Taseeva. In 1934, Verkhneudinsk was renamed "Ulan-Ude" (literally - "Red Uda": "Ulaan" in Buryat - "red", "Ude" - the Buryat name of the river Uda).
Ulan-Ude is located in Western Transbaikalia, at the confluence of
the Uda River with the Selenga, one hundred kilometers east of Lake
Baikal, 5532 km from Moscow. The city is located in the Ivolgino-Uda
depression, which is a slightly hilly plain sandwiched between
mountains, elongated from the southwest to the northeast and bounded
from the northwest by the spurs of the Khamar-Daban ridge, from the
north by the Ulan-Burgasy ridge, from the southeast - the Ganzurinsky
and Tsagan-Daban ridges.
The spurs of Khamar-Daban in the
suburban green zone reach an absolute height of 1114 m and are 500–700 m
higher than the bed of the Selenga River valley. The spurs of the
Ulan-Burgasy ridge have an average height of 800–1000 m. to the city is
813 m, which is 310 m higher than the level of the Uda river valley.
Altitude marks in the city range from 500-800 m.
Ulan-Ude is
included in one of the twelve pairs of antipodal cities in the world -
its antipode is the Chilean city of Puerto Natales.
The city is
the center of the Ulan-Ude agglomeration, which includes 4 municipal
districts of the Republic of Buryatia adjacent to the capital:
Ivolginsky, Pribaikalsky, Zaigraevsky, Tarbagataisky.
The variety of relief forms creates a significant variety of soil cover in Ulan-Ude. The upland part of the city is dominated by soddy-forest and sandy loamy soils, the lowland areas of the floodplain of the Selenga and Uda rivers are occupied by alluvial meadow soils of light mechanical composition. In the lowlands of the floodplain, there are small areas of bog and meadow-bog soils. Forest-steppe and steppe landscapes, occupying areas in the eastern part of the city, on the left bank of the Selenga, as well as on the right bank of the Uda, are characterized by chestnut, alkaline soils.
Two large rivers flow within the city of Ulan-Ude - the Selenga (with
channels Zaboka, Stepnaya, Poselskaya, etc.) and Uda.
The Selenga
is the largest tributary of Baikal (50% of the flow of all rivers in its
basin). Within the city, the river forms several large islands through
its channels. Of these, the islands adjacent to the left bank are
inhabited - Konny (Left Bank microdistrict), Public and Poselsky (summer
associations). Large islands to the right of the main channel are
Bogorodsky (partially occupied by a dacha cooperative) and Spassky
(industrial site for urban water intake). Automobile bridges are thrown
across the channels. There is the only automobile bridge in the Sovetsky
District across the main channel of the river, connecting the center
with the airport and the Baikal federal highway.
The Uda is a
right tributary of the Selenga. Within the city limits, two automobile
bridges with tram lines and a railway bridge of the Trans-Siberian
Railway are thrown across the river. The river bed is a natural boundary
between the Sovetsky and Zheleznodorozhny (partially) districts in the
north and the Oktyabrsky district of the city in the south.
Other
rivers and streams: tributaries of the Selenga - Nizhneberezovskaya,
Suzha; tributaries of the Uda - Upper Berezovka, Vorovka, Baydanov
stream, etc.
Ulan-Ude is in the MSK+5 time zone. The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +8:00. According to the applied time and geographic longitude, the average solar noon in Ulan-Ude occurs at 12:50.
The climate of the city is sharply continental arid, which is
explained by its remoteness from large bodies of water (in particular,
Lake Baikal is shielded from the city by the mountain ranges of
Khamar-Daban and Ulan-Burgasy), the location of the city in an
intermountain basin and its location in the center of the vast Eurasian
continent. Climatic winter in the city lasts more than five months,
starting at the end of October and ending at the beginning of April.
During the cold period of the year in Eastern Siberia, the Siberian
anticyclone develops, which occurs in October and disappears in April.
As a result, the winter period in the city is characterized by a large
number of sunny days and weak winds. Due to the lack of winds, the air
in the Ivolgino-Uda intermountain depression stagnates and cools, as a
result of which winter air temperatures are quite low, but due to low
air humidity they are relatively easy to carry. The amount of
precipitation during this period is relatively small, the main snowfalls
fall in the first half of winter (November-December).
Spring
comes to the city in early April. Its features are frequent returns of
cold weather and strong winds resulting from the collapse of the
Siberian anticyclone, a corresponding decrease in atmospheric pressure
and the arrival of cold air masses from the north of Siberia into the
territory of the city and the republic. The weather at this time is
unstable, there is little rainfall.
Climatic summer lasts just
over two months. In late July - early August, cyclones from the Pacific
coast come to the city, resulting in frequent rains. At this time, the
maximum amount of precipitation falls in the year. At the same time, in
June and July the weather is mostly dry and hot.
Autumn replaces
summer imperceptibly; unlike the climate of European Russia, where it
often rains in autumn, this period of the year in Ulan-Ude is
characterized by low rainfall. Characterized by sharp daily fluctuations
in air temperature and early night frosts.
The average annual air
temperature is −0.1 °C. The average daily air temperature in January is
−23.3 °C, with a minimum value of −54.4 °C recorded on January 6, 1931;
it was the only day in the history of meteorological observations when
the air temperature dropped below the fifty-degree mark. In the 21st
century, the lowest temperature of -42.6 ° C was recorded on February 4,
2001; the air temperature dropped below the forty-degree mark only in
January 2001, February 2001/2006/2010. July is the hottest month with an
average daily air temperature of +19.8 °C, the maximum temperature of
+40.6 °C was recorded on July 8, 2016.
The city is characterized
by a high level of solar radiation, the annual number of hours with the
sun is very high here (more than 2400 hours); according to this
indicator, the city roughly corresponds to such southern cities of
Russia as Anapa or Nakhodka. The average air humidity (76-77%) in
November - January, the minimum (49%) - in May. There are 155 days of
precipitation in a year. During the year, an average of 265 mm of
precipitation falls on the territory of the city of Ulan-Ude, most of
which falls in the summer. The maximum precipitation is observed in
August (68 mm); minimum (3 mm) - in February - March.
Average
annual temperature: -0.1 °C.
Average annual wind speed: 2.0 m/s.
Average annual air humidity: 67%.
Sunshine 2424 hours