Hotels, motels and where to sleep
Restaurant, taverns and where to eat
Vologda is a city in Russia, administrative,
cultural, transport and scientific center of the Vologda region, the
center of the Vologda region, which is not included, having the
status of a city of regional importance and forming the city
district municipal formation "City of Vologda".
Vologda is
located 450 km from Moscow and 650 km from St. Petersburg. The
population of the city - 312 420 people. (2018). Together with the
subordinate rural settlement of Molochnoe, within the boundaries of
the urban district, the population is 320,702 people. (2017). The
area is 116 km2. In terms of area and population, it is slightly
smaller than Cherepovets, located 126 km to the west.
It is
one of the cities with particularly valuable historical heritage:
224 monuments of history, architecture, and culture have been
identified in the city; 128 of them are taken under state
protection. Vologda is one of the largest cities in the north of
Russia.
The date of
foundation is unknown, the first mention in the annals falls on the
year 1147.
The center of Vologda can be divided into four historical districts:
The city is the central part around the Kremlin
Verkhny Posad - the
territory located above the Kremlin along the Vologda River
Nizhny
Posad - part of the city below the Kremlin along the river
District -
part of the city, which is located across the river
The outskirts are
less interesting, but something interesting can be seen there.
Tourist Information Center (TIC) , Sovetsky Prospekt, 6, 3rd floor. ☎
+7 (921) 061-60-46, +7 (800) 550-41-61. Mon-Fri: 8:00–17:00, Sat-Sun
closed. It is located in the building of the former Golden Anchor Hotel,
one of the best stone buildings in the city, built by the merchants
Bryzgalovs in the late 1880s. For a long time this four-storey building
was the tallest in Vologda. On the facade you can see lion masks and
caryatids rare for the city. At the beginning of the 20th century, it
was the best hotel in Vologda, comparable in quality to those in the
capital.
Kremlin
1 Vologda Kremlin (former Bishop's Court) , st.
Sergei Orlov, 15 (Kremlin Square). ☎ +7 (8172) 72-25-11. Wed-Sun:
10:00 – 17:30; Mon, Tue - day off.. The Vologda Kremlin began to be
built by Ivan the Terrible in 1565, as a stone fortress of his new
northern residence. The fortified territory was supposed to cover an
area of 46 hectares and be located within the modern streets of
Mira, Leningradskaya, Oktyabrskaya and the Vologda River - this was
2.1 times the area of the Moscow Kremlin. However, during the life
of the king, only two stone walls and 11 towers were erected, while
the rest of the fortifications remained wooden. Sophia Cathedral and
Bishop's Court were built inside the fortress. During the Time of
Troubles, the wooden part of the citadel burned down. By the
beginning of the 19th century, most of the remaining fortifications
were dismantled, as the fortress had lost its strategic importance.
By this time, the Resurrection Cathedral and the Bell Tower were
erected on its territory. What is now called the Vologda Kremlin was
its bishops' chapel, where the residence of the Vologda bishops was
located. In 1671-1675, the Archbishop's Court was surrounded by high
walls, and a compact complex of buildings from the middle of the
17th century was formed next to the St. Sophia Cathedral. The total
area of the "small Kremlin" is 2.3 hectares, and the length of the
walls is 550 meters. Now it is the central attraction of Vologda,
which is a museum-reserve: the entrance to the territory of the
Kremlin is free, but visiting the buildings is paid.
2 Sophia
Cathedral, st. Sergei Orlov, 15 (Kremlin Square). 200 rub. (together
with the bell tower). The oldest surviving stone building in
Vologda, built in the image and likeness of the Assumption Cathedral
of the Moscow Kremlin. The almost 60-meter six-pillared temple is
crowned with five domes, which originally had a helmet-like shape.
The smooth whitewashed walls and domes have little to no decoration,
reflecting northern austerity and brevity of local architecture. The
main works were carried out by order and under the personal
supervision of Ivan the Terrible in 1568-1570. However, after the
sudden departure of the tsar in 1571 from Vologda, the cathedral
remained undecorated and unconsecrated. It was completed only in
1587 already under Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich. From 1587 to 1923 - the
main cathedral of the city - 12 Vologda bishops are buried here. In
1612 it was badly damaged by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders, but
already in December 1613 it was repaired and re-consecrated. Inside
the temple, frescoes created by Yaroslavl icon painters under the
direction of Dmitry Plekhanov in 1686-1688 are well preserved. In
the cathedral there is the largest fresco in Russia on the theme of
"The Last Judgment" - its area is 400 square meters. The third
five-tier wooden iconostasis in the Baroque style of 1724-1738,
written by the Polish painter Maxim Iskritsky, has also survived to
our time. In subsequent years, the temple was renovated several
times, and in 1923 it was closed and transferred to the local
history museum - an exposition on the history of religion and
atheism was located here. During the restoration of 1966-1968. the
cathedral was returned to the strict majestic appearance of the 17th
century, and the extra outbuildings were dismantled. Now the temple
is used jointly with the Russian Orthodox Church: it is open to the
public in the summer as a museum, and services are held here on some
church holidays.
3 The bell tower of St. Sophia Cathedral.
The 78-meter bell tower, erected in a pseudo-Gothic style, is
already the fifth in a row: the first three were wooden - only in
1659 the first stone one was erected from the demolished Kremlin
walls. After 10 years, its top was dismantled, and a modern, higher
one was built on the old foundation. On the tower of the bell tower
there are chimes made in Moscow in 1871. They are connected to a
system of bells that have been preserved since the 17th century and
work several times a day. In summer, an observation deck is open on
the upper tier of the bell tower, from which a panoramic view of the
historical center of Vologda opens. To climb, you need to overcome
300 steps on a spiral wooden staircase.
4 Resurrection
Cathedral, st. Sergei Orlov, 15, p. 3. ☎ +7 (817) 272-12-28.
8:00–19:00. The two-storied five-domed cathedral in the simplified
Baroque style was erected in 1772-1776. as a warm temple in addition
to the cold St. Sophia Cathedral. The temple was built on the site
and from the material of the demolished southeastern tower of the
Kremlin. In 1824, the main entrance with columns and a pediment was
added to the cathedral. In 1938 the temple was closed, the
iconostasis was dismantled, and the painting was lost. Since 1954,
the department of the regional art gallery has been located here.
Only in December 2016 the temple was returned to the Russian
Orthodox Church, the relics of Bishop Anthony were transferred here.
In August 2017, restoration work began in the cathedral, which is
still ongoing, and services are held in the lower church.
The
Bishops' Court housed the chambers of the Vologda bishops, which
included several buildings.
5 Economic building. The oldest
stone civil building in Vologda, built in 1657-1659. as the Treasury
order, later received its current name. It stands out with a
mezzanine above the front door - important documents were kept here,
and food, kvass and wine were stored in the cellar. To the left of
the building is the Nameless Building and the Exaltation of the
Cross Church over the Holy Gates 1687-1692.
6 Simonovsky
building. A large three-story building with a two-tier open gallery
was erected in 1667-1670. - the first stone residence of the Vologda
bishop was located here. A high house church of the Nativity of
Christ was built at the building, which was abolished in the second
half of the 18th century. On the second floor of the building were
the personal chambers of the bishop and halls for ceremonial
receptions. Now the building houses a museum exposition dedicated to
the nature and history of the Vologda Territory. On the left side of
the building adjoins the Gavrilovsky building, built at the end of
the 17th century as the cells of Archbishop Gabriel. Now there are
ticket offices and the excursion department of the museum.
7
Joseph Corps (House of Joseph the Golden). One of the most beautiful
buildings of the Bishop's Court, built in the Baroque style,
commissioned by Bishop Joseph the Golden in 1764-1769. There are
four halls with high ceilings in the building: green, red, blue and
gold - the rulers were met here. So, in October 1824, Emperor
Alexander I was received in the golden hall. The interior decoration
of the halls was very luxurious, but to this day, mainly stoves of
the 18th century, lined with colored tiles, have survived. The tiles
are painted with various subjects that can replace a picture book.
Next to the southern wall you can see the wooden one-story
Bishop's summer house with carved architraves, which now houses the
museum's administration. Until the middle of the 18th century, it
stood outside the Bishop's Court on Cathedral Hill.
8 Monument to K.N. Batyushkov, Kremlin Square (near St. Sophia
Cathedral). A bronze sculpture of a local native, Konstantin Batyushkov,
was opened on the embankment of the Vologda River in 1987, in honor of
the 200th anniversary of the famous poet. Sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov
portrayed Batyushkov standing on a pedestal in the military uniform of a
participant in the Patriotic War of 1812, next to a downcast fighting
horse, which is left for the sake of creativity. On the right, on a
separate pedestal, there is a barefoot peasant woman with a flute,
personifying the poet's muse - folk art, and in the distance, another
component of the composition, the goddess Athena in a helmet with a
lowered shield, symbolizes Batyushkov's military poetry. One of the best
monuments in Vologda, a popular place for photo shoots.
9 "Church
of Alexander Nevsky", st. Sergei Orlov, 10 (next to the Kremlin). The
church is located next to the Resurrection Cathedral on the so-called
"Known Mountain", successfully complementing the panorama of the Kremlin
churches. The first wooden church on this site until the end of the 18th
century was wooden and was dedicated to Nicholas the Wonderworker. The
stone temple that has survived to this day dates from the second half of
the 19th century. On the occasion of the visit of Emperor Alexander II
to Vologda in 1869, the church was rebuilt and re-consecrated in honor
of his heavenly patron, the hipped bell tower was replaced with a
spire-shaped one. In 1941-1945. a military unit was located in the
church, and after the return of the temple of the Russian Orthodox
Church in 1997, it became the regimental temple of the Vologda garrison.
10 Monument to the letter "O". A 2.5-meter patterned sculpture was
opened in the square on Cathedral Hill in June 2012 to perpetuate the
typical for the inhabitants of the Vologda Oblast dialect with “okan” on
the unstressed letter O, which has already become the brand of the
region, but is less and less common in real life.
11 Bench
"Let's sit, have a look." The forged bench is another art object
dedicated to the Vologda “okany”, installed on the Cathedral Hill by the
participants of the festival “Voice of Crafts-2015”. In 2016, an
accordion and a book with poems by Nikolai Rubtsov were added to the
bench in honor of the poet's 80th birthday. The bench offers a
picturesque view of the Candlemas Church on the other side of the
Vologda River.
12 Art object “The door to…” (at the crossroads
of Leningradskaya, Mayakovskaya and Burmaginykh streets). An open forged
door depicting famous monuments of the city was installed in 2014 by the
participants of the City of Crafts festival. Immediately after this, an
urban legend appeared: if you make a wish, rub the copper sun in the
center of the door, knock three times with a hammer and go through the
doorway - the wish will come true.
13 "Dom Zasetsky", st.
Leningradskaya, 12. A one-story mansion with a mezzanine and a portico
is the oldest wooden building in Vologda, built in the 1790s (it was
rebuilt at the end of the 19th century). It belonged to the noble family
of the Zasetskys. At present, it is impossible to inspect the house from
the inside, but restoration is planned with the subsequent opening of
the museum.
14 Actor's house (Orlov's house), Leningradskaya st.,
4. Residential two-story wooden mansion with a mezzanine, built in the
second half of the 19th century in the classical style. Although the
facade of the house is simple and austere, without lace decor, it is one
of the best and well-preserved monuments of Vologda wooden architecture
in the very center of the city. Now it houses the public organization
"House of the Actor", the building is named after the actor of the
Vologda Drama Theater Alexei Semyonov. Performances and literary and
musical evenings are organized in the house, there is a cafe.
15 Spaso-Priluki Monastery, Monastyrskaya St., 2 (Priluki
microdistrict). ☎ +7 (8172) 55-92-24. 6:00–20:00. One of the oldest
monasteries in the Russian North, founded by Dmitry Prilutsky (a student
of Sergius of Radonezh) in 1371, in the bend of the Vologda River. The
monastery became an important outpost of the Moscow principality in the
struggle with Novgorod for the northern lands and enjoyed the broad
support of Moscow princes and tsars - from Dmitry Donskoy to Ivan the
Terrible. Donated abodes of the earth, money and objects of art made it
in the XV-XVI centuries. one of the largest and most famous in the
Russian North. The abbots of the monastery had a great influence and
even participated in electoral councils for the approval of Boris
Godunov in 1598 and Mikhail Romanovich in 1613 on the throne of Moscow.
Stone construction in the monastery began in the first half of the 16th
century, before that all the buildings were wooden, including wall
number. Because of this, during the Time of Troubles, the monastery was
attacked and plundered more than once, but, despite the destruction and
devastation, it was quickly rebuilt.
The modern architectural complex
of the monastery is a combination of the creations of several
generations of architects of the 16th-18th centuries. Here the main
features of construction in the Russian North over these three centuries
are intertwined - most of the buildings have survived to our time
without major changes. During the invasion of Moscow by Napoleon's army
in 1812, valuables transported from the largest metropolitan and Moscow
region monasteries were kept in the monastery. In 1855, the poet K.N.
Batyushkov. In Soviet times, the monastery was closed - it housed a
prison, a nursing home, a museum, but already in 1992 the monastery was
returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, and monastic life resumed here
again.
The most important relics of the monastery are the icon
“Demetrius of Prilutsky with Life”, painted by the ancient Russian
artist Dionysius in 1503, and the Cilician Cross, according to legend,
brought by the Monk Demetrius from Pereslavl and erected at the site of
the foundation of the new monastery. The icon was taken by Ivan III in
1503 on a campaign to Kazan, after which it was richly decorated with
gold and silver, and Ivan the Terrible took the Cilician Cross on a
campaign to Kazan in 1552. The eight-pointed miraculous cross is trimmed
with carved images of white bone and covered with silver gilded basma.
Now both shrines are kept in the center of Vologda, in the
museum-reserve.
16 Holy gates with the gate Ascension Church.
They were built at the end of the 16th century and are the oldest stone
building of the monastery fence, which was wooden until the middle of
the 17th century. The large gates are decorated with a massive keeled
portal, and the small ones are decorated with a smaller portal. Inside
the holy gates you can see an old painting. The Church of the Ascension
has a cubic shape with one narrow drum and a helmet-shaped dome. Next to
it rises a light bell tower, built in 1730. From the southwest, under
the bell tower, there is a church shop and toilets. To the northeast of
the Holy Gates there are two-storey fraternal cells built in the
17th-19th centuries.
17 Savior Cathedral. The first stone temple
of the monastery and Vologda, erected in 1537-1542. on the site of an
earlier wooden church destroyed by fire. The majestic two-storey
five-domed temple is made in the traditions of Moscow architecture of
the first half of the 16th century, but with the modesty and conciseness
of the facades inherent in the Russian North. On three sides, the
cathedral is surrounded by a gallery, and on the east side, three
massive apses adjoin it. The main decoration of the cathedral is a
massive front porch of the 17th century with a staircase leading to the
second floor. The porch contains jug-shaped pillars in its construction,
supporting double arches with a hanging weight. From the north, the
sacristy tent, built in the 18th century on the site of the cell of
Dimitry Prilutsky, adjoins the cathedral, and from the east side,
according to legend, a well dug by him. The relics of St. Demetrius are
buried in the cathedral. In Soviet times, the cathedral was used as
housing, the old iconostasis and murals were lost. Currently, the
cathedral has been transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church, and the
restoration of the lost iconostasis is underway.
The first bell tower
of 1537-1542, adjoining the northwestern corner of the cathedral, has
not been preserved, but you can see the remains of its lower tier. A
new, higher bell tower with the Church of Alexis, erected in 1639-1654.
But its tent completion was removed in the 1720s and replaced with a new
figured roof with a spire.
18 Vvedenskaya Church with a
refectory. The Vvedensky church with a refectory, Kelarsky and white
chambers were built in the middle of the 16th century. The square
temple, erected no later than 1623, on the basement, is covered with a
pyramid of three tiers of keeled kokoshniks, and the upper tier and the
drum are decorated with a wide patterned belt. A covered gallery leads
from the Spassky Cathedral to the refectory chamber. A large vaulted
hall for common monastic meals is located on the second floor, and
utility rooms are located on the basement floor of the refectory.
19 Assumption Church from the Alexander-Kushtsky Monastery. The
oldest surviving wooden tent church in Russia, built in 1519. It is
distinguished by constructive completeness and accuracy of proportions,
picturesque hipped and barrel-shaped roofs. It was transported here as a
monument of wooden architecture in 1962 from the Alexander-Kushtsky
Monastery, and the old icons from the iconostasis of the church were
taken to the collection of the Vologda Museum-Reserve. The church was
restored in 1966.
The stone walls of the monastery, 950 meters
long, with 5 combat towers, were built according to all the rules of
fortification construction in the second half of the 17th century. The
height of the walls reaches seven meters, and the thickness is more than
two. In the center of the southwestern wall overlooking the left bank of
the Vologda River is the Water Tower. This is the only tower with a
passage gate through which the monks brought water to the monastery.
From the inside, you can climb the tower and take a walk along the walls
of the monastery. To the left of Vodyana is the octagonal whitewashed
Mill Tower, decorated with decorative niches and relief columns. The
remaining three towers were painted with red-yellow-orange vertical
stripes in the 19th century, which gives the monastery the appearance of
a fairy-tale fortress from the outside. To the right of Vodyanaya is the
tallest South Tower, which has 16 faces and reaches 20 meters in height
- its upper tier is decorated with relief arches, and the loopholes are
in the shape of keyholes. The Vologda tower is not similar to it, but it
has only 12 faces. The Belozerskaya tower, located on the northern
corner, does not stand out for its special architectural delights, but
is also a powerful defensive element of the monastery walls.
House of the Bryanchaninov-Dmitrievsky, st. Vorovskogo, 6.
Former
men's gymnasium (Hospital home) , Galkinskaya st., 1.
House of
Vorobyov, st. Zasodimsky, 14.
House of the Governor-General,
Zosimovskaya st., 1.
The building of the former Hermitage Hotel, st.
Stone bridge, 4.
A stone bridge.
Sveshnikov House, st. Lenina, 2.
Vologda State Technical University, st. Lenina, 15.
Governor's house,
st. Lenina, 19.
Volkov House, Leningradskaya st., 28.
House of
Ryndin, st. Maltsev, 31.
The building of the former hotel "Passage",
st. Maria Ulyanova, 2.
Fair House, st. Mira, 6
Provincial
Committee of the RCP (b), Oktyabrskaya st., 11.
The building of the
former City Duma, Sovetsky pr., 2.
House of Yushin, Sovetsky pr., 14.
Sokovikov's house Wikidata item, Sovetsky pr., 20/28
Church of Varlaam Khutynsky (inactive) , st. Zasodimsky, 14-a.
Church of Elijah the Prophet (inactive), st. Zasodimsky, 14-b.
Church
of the Assumption of the Mother of God, st. Burmaginykh, 19a.
Church
of John the Baptist in Roshchenye, st. Predtechenskaya, 26. 08:00-18:00.
Church of Dmitry Prilutsky on Navolok, embankment of the VI Army, 119.
Church of the Intercession on Kozlyon, Pervomayskaya st., 12.
Church
of St. Andrew the First-Called in Fryazinov, embankment of the VI Army,
205.
Churches of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God (inactive) ,
warm (Oktyabrskaya st., 46-a) and cold (Oktyabrskaya st., 46-b).
Church of Constantine and Helena , Victory Ave., 35.
Church of St.
Nicholas the Wonderworker in Vladychnaya Sloboda, st. Gogol, 108.
Church of the Presentation of the Lord (inactive) , embankment of the VI
Army, 85.
Church of St. John Chrysostom (inactive), embankment VI
Army, 105.
Chapel in honor of the Nativity of Christ (VRZ Park).
Church of the Intercession at the Market, Torgovaya Square, 8.
Church
of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, Torgovaya Square, 6.
Church
of Lazarus the Righteous, st. Burmaginykh, 50 (Gorbachev cemetery).
Cathedral in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, Govorovsky
proezd, 2.
Chapel in the name of Blessed Nikolai Rynin, Govorovsky
proezd, 2.
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Glinka, st.
Predtechenskaya, 74.
Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh, per. South
Grove, 2
Monument to the 800th anniversary of Vologda (Lazy Square).
Monument to the sewage truck, st. Sergey Orlov, 4 (next to the water
tower).
Monument to the 100th anniversary of the electrification of
Vologda ("Manneken Pis"), Prechistenskaya nab. (at the Red (pedestrian)
bridge).
Monument to the heroes of the October Revolution and the
Civil War ("Tooth"), Sovetsky Ave. (Revolution Square).
Worship
Cross, st. Lermontov (Revolution Square).
Memorial "Eternal Flame",
st. Lermontov (Revolution Square).
Obelisk of military glory, st.
Lenin (Kirovsky Square).
Police belfry, Oktyabrskaya st. (Theatre
Square).
Monument to cosmonaut P. Belyaev, st. Maltseva, Oktyabrskaya
(October Square).
Monument to S. Ilyushin, st. Mira (October Square).
Bronze bust of A. Klubov, st. Dobrolyubova (Military Memorial Cemetery).
Memorial to the evacuated Leningraders who died in the Vologda Oblast,
Poshekhonskoye Highway (Oktyabrsky Square).
Mill of Desires, st.
Sergei Orlov (Kremlin Square). The wings of the windmill are decorated
with inscriptions - love, friendship, dream and happiness. According to
custom, you need to "spin" the wings and wait until they stop. Which
inscription will indicate the corner of the roof, then it is waiting for
you this year.
Vologda State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve
1
Lace Museum, Kremlin Square, 12. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-16-56. Wed–Sun
10:00–17:00, Mon–Tue – days off. Self-examination - 150 rubles. On
Sundays group tours are held for 170 rubles per person. The museum is
located opposite the Kremlin in a stone two-story building built in the
middle of the 19th century as a city estate, in the style of St.
Petersburg classical architecture of that time. From 1892 to 1999, the
building housed the Vologda branch of the State Bank, and in November
2010, the first and only Lace Museum in Russia was opened on the entire
building area (1500 square meters).
The exposition of the museum is
dedicated to the foundation and development of the traditional art craft
of the Vologda region, which brought world fame to the region in the
19th century. Here you can see not only Vologda products, but also
samples of lace from major lace centers in Europe, other museum
expositions tell about world trends in lacemaking from the end of the
19th century to the beginning 21st century Museum halls are arranged in
chronological order. In addition to the permanent exhibition, there are
traveling exhibitions from other cities and countries. On the ground
floor, you can try delicious and inexpensive eclairs in a cafe and buy
lace napkins or collars as souvenirs.
2 Museum “Literature. Art.
Century XX ", st. Herzen, 36. ☎ +7 (8172) 75-55-39. Tue-Sat: 10:00 –
17:30. Sun and Mon are days off. 100 rub. It is located in the
two-storey wooden mansion of the Sitnikovs, built in 1868. The main
exposition of the museum is devoted to the life and work of the Vologda
poet Nikolai Rubtsov: here the poems are accompanied by landscape plans
of the Vologda region. Part of the exposition tells about the Vologda
musician V.A. Gavrilina, who wrote famous ballets and piano pieces. Of
considerable interest is the museum building itself, richly decorated
with carved architraves.
3 House-Museum of Peter I (Peter's
House), Sovetsky pr., 47. ☎ +7 (8172) 75-27-59. Tue-Sat - 10:00-17:30,
Sun and Mon - days off. 100 rub. The museum building is one of the
oldest civil buildings in the city, an architectural monument of the
17th century with Dutch tiled stoves of that time. It was here, in a
small one-story house on the embankment, that Peter I stayed during his
trips to Vologda. There are few exhibits, but there are such unique
things as the death mask of the emperor, his clothes, the cup of A.D.
Menshikov and others. This is the first museum in Vologda, opened in
1885.
4 Museum complex "Vologda at the turn of the XIX-XX
centuries" (Samarin's house), Sovetsky pr., 16a. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-43-11.
Wed-Sun: 10:00 – 17:30. Mon-Tue - days off. 100 rub. The exhibitions are
located in three nearby buildings of the former estate of the merchant
A.P. Samarina: a merchant's mansion, an apartment building and a shop.
All three buildings are a typical example of the Vologda building of the
late 19th - early 20th centuries, the only local city estate that has
survived to this day. This is largely due to the fact that the second
floor of the apartment building was rented in exile in 1913-1914.
Lenin's younger sister Maria Ulyanova. In the museum you can see the
apartment of a pre-revolutionary apartment building, a school of that
time, learn about the lifestyle of Vologda merchants and townspeople of
the early 20th century, visit a retro photo studio and take pictures in
pre-revolutionary outfits, study the traditions of the Russian feast. In
addition to the expositions, the museum buildings themselves are of
great interest.
5 Museum "The World of Forgotten Things",
Leningradskaya st., 6. ☎ +7 (8172) 21-14-27. Wed-Sun: 10:00 – 17:30.
Mon-Tue - days off. 80 rub. It is located in a wooden mansion with a
groin mezzanine of the end of the 19th century, built in the traditions
of late classicism, not far from the Kremlin. Before the revolution, the
building belonged to the merchant Dmitry Panteleev, the museum was
opened by his descendants in 1991. The expositions tell about the
culture and life of the townspeople in the pre-revolutionary era. The
interiors of the 19th - early 20th centuries are recreated here,
complemented by antiques. For example, this is a gramophone, which has
already become history, but here it is in working condition. The museum
also hosts temporary exhibitions of local artists and literary and
musical evenings. During the renovation in the museum-apartment of K.N.
Batyushkov, there is an exposition dedicated to the life and work of the
poet.
6 Museum "Vologda link" st. Maria Ulyanova, 33. ☎ +7 (8172)
56-21-07. Mon–Sat 10:00–17:00. 100 rub. It is located in a two-story
wooden house, where from December 1911 to February 1912 Joseph Stalin
served his exile. The museum tells about Vologda as “under-the-capital
Siberia”, where high-ranking persons were exiled starting from the 15th
century (the first exile was still Moscow Prince Vasily II), and in the
20th century - revolutionaries. The expositions of the museum are
dedicated to the exiles of the first half of the 19th - early 20th
centuries, there is a wax figure of young Stalin. In Soviet times, the
house was a museum dedicated to the activities of the Bolsheviks, a
modern museum was opened in 2007.
The main art museum of the region, founded in 1952. Until 2016, the
central and largest exposition of the gallery was located in the
Resurrection Cathedral of the Kremlin - modern Russian art was presented
here. In December 2016, the cathedral was transferred to the Russian
Orthodox Church, and most of the work was transferred to the Shalamov
House. Now the collection of almost 30,000 exhibits is distributed among
three buildings located in different parts of the city.
7
Shalamovsky house, st. Sergei Orlov, 15, building 1. ☎ +7 (8172)
72-12-56. Wed–Sun 10:00–18:00, Mon-Tue - days off. 150 rub. The
two-story mansion of 1844 was used as a living quarters of the Vologda
diocese - here the writer Varlam Shalamov was born in the family of a
priest and lived until 1924. The main collections of the gallery are
located in the house: Russian art of the 17th-early 20th centuries and
Western European painting and graphics of the 17th-19th centuries. On
the first floor there is a memorial museum of V.T. Shalamov, opened in
1991.
8 Korbakov's house, Oktyabrskaya st., 13. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-16-56.
Wed–Sun 10:00–18:00 Mon-Tue - days off. 150 rub. Here, in the museum and
creative center, opened in 2002, there is an exposition of paintings and
graphic works by the People's Artist of Russia Vladimir Korbakov, who
was born and worked almost all his life in Vologda. In addition to the
artist's works, here is a collection of his portraits "Friends are
painting me." The works exhibited in the house are important
achievements of urban artistic life in the second half of the 20th -
early 21st centuries.
9 Workshop of Alexander Panteleev, Kozlenskaya
st., 4. ☎ +7 (8172) 21-16-39. Tue–Sat 10:00–18:00 Sun-Mon - days off. 90
rub. A one-story brick mansion of the late 19th century, where the
honored artist Alexander Panteleev worked from 1981 to 1990. Now his
paintings and drawings, as well as some personal items and tools are
placed here. The memorial workshop opened as a branch of the regional
art gallery in 1993. There are also exhibitions of other famous and not
so famous artists.
10 Art Gallery "Red Bridge" , emb. 6th Army, 143. ☎ +7 (8172) 54-79-27. 10:00–18:00, Friday is a day off. Free admission. Gallery of contemporary art, opened in 2003 on the Zarechnaya side near the Red Pedestrian Bridge. The gallery's collection includes about 1,000 pieces of painting, graphics and photography from the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. There are exhibitions of contemporary artists. There is a cafe on the ground floor, even more popular than the gallery itself.
11 Vologda Drama Theatre, Sovetsky pr., 1. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-61-66.
Tue–Sun 12:00–18:00, Mon 14:00–18:00. The largest theater in the region,
opened in 1849. The theater moved to a modern building in 1974. Here you
can watch plays and operas ranging from classical to modern. The prices
are very democratic.
12 Regional Philharmonic named after V.A.
Gavrilina, st. Lermontova, 21. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-13-91. 10:00–20:00. It is
located in the former House of the Noble Assembly, built in the 1780s as
the main house of the city estate of the nobleman M.A. Kolychev. The
building is three-storey with a rounded facade in the style of Russian
classicism. In Soviet times, the building was transferred to the
library, and since 1965 it has become a concert hall of the regional
philharmonic society. Now here you can watch musical performances and
concerts of various subjects.
13 Chamber Drama Theatre, st. Mira, 18
(near the Central Department Store). ☎ +7 (8172) 50-22-34. 12:00–18:00.
A small private theater founded in 1999 by former actors from the state
theatre. Here you can see both modern and classical performances. Prices
are average. In 2019, the theater moved into a modern stone two-story
building of the 19th century.
14 Theatre for Children and Youth
(TYuZ) , Oktyabrskaya st., 2. ☎ +7 (8172) 76-26-72. Tue-Thurs: 12:00 -
15:00 16:00 - 18:00, Fri: 12:00 - 15:00 16:00 - 18:00, Sat-Sun: 10:00 -
14:00 16:00 - 18:00 00, Mon - day off. Former Vologda Youth Theater,
opened in 1976. It is located in the former building of the Pushkin
People's House, built in 1904. In 1906, there was a pogrom of the Black
Hundreds and a fire, only the walls remained of the building. In Soviet
times, the building was restored, from 1933 to 1974. there was a drama
theatre. The modern concept of the youth theater was developed by the
chief director of the Youth Theater since 1985, Boris Granatov.
Theatrical performances are aimed at children and youth audiences, the
prices are low. You can also attend dance and vocal lessons here.
15
Teremok Puppet Theatre, st. Lenina, 21. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-88-43. Wed-Sun:
10:00 - 14:00, 15:00 - 19:00. Mon-Tue - days off. It is located in the
former building of the Church of Zosima and Savvaty of Solovetsky,
erected in 1759-1773. In Soviet times, the church was closed and
converted into a “teremok”, and in 1966 the regional puppet theater
moved here (hence its name). The theater itself has been leading its
history since 1937; now you can see many puppet shows here, as well as
ordinary children's performances.
The name of the city comes from the hydronym Vologda. The main
version of the origin of the hydronym concerns the Finno-Ugric roots of
this word. It was first put forward by the Finnish philologists I. Yu.
Mikkola and Yalo Kalima at the beginning of the 20th century, and the
domestic philologist Yu. I. Chaikina is inclined to the same theory.
According to this version, the word "Vologda" is of Vepsian origin. The
Old Vepsian valgeda (modern vauged "white"), with the usual transmission
of -al- between consonants through the Russian "-olo-", led to the
formation of the word "Vologda" - "a river with white (clear, clean)
water." Nevertheless, an older origin is also possible: other
Finno-Ugric names of the Dvina basin are also known for “-ever”, “-when”
(Vychegda, Kerogda) and names with the stem “vol-” (Volonga, Voloma,
Volyuga, Volokhtoma) , which does not allow us to consider the name
finally understood.
Versions of the Slavic origin of the name are
most often associated with the origin from the word "drag". This
version, however, does not have serious support in science and is
presented mainly in journalism and fiction - in particular, in the work
of V. A. Gilyarovsky "My Wanderings".
Foundation
The official year of foundation of Vologda is 1147.
This version is based on Gerasim of Vologda's 1666 Tale of Miracles
and Ivan Slobodsky's 1716 Chronicler. Both sources are secondary and
borrow from earlier codes. They tell about the arrival of the monk
Gerasim on the Vologda River and the foundation by him on the Kaisar
Stream (flows into Vologda) of the Trinity Monastery “half a field
away” (800 meters) from the Lazy Platform. Supporters of the
official founding date believe that Vologda already existed in the
12th century as a settlement, but was not yet a fortified city and
did not have a citadel.
However, many historians and
archaeologists express doubts about the official date. They note not
only the late and secondary origin of the Tale of the Miracles of
Gerasim of Vologda and the Chronicler by Ivan Slobodsky, but also
the data of archaeological excavations that do not record the
Vologda settlement before the 13th century. The foundation of the
monastery by Gerasim in 1147 also does not fit into the general
picture of monastic construction in the surrounding territories,
which began only in the 13th century.
Therefore, skeptics are
more inclined to believe that Vologda was founded in the middle of
the 13th century, namely, in 1264; it was then that it was first
mentioned in written sources: in the agreement between Novgorod and
the Grand Duke, the Vologda volost appears in the list of Novgorod
outlying possessions. The next written mention of Vologda dates back
to 1273, when Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich of Tver attacked the
city.
The first birch bark found in Vologda dates from
1320-1340.
Vologda in antiquity
Until the end of the 14th
century, Vologda was subordinate to the Novgorod Republic. However,
since the end of the 13th century, due to its favorable geographical
position at the crossroads of waterways, the city has repeatedly
become the object of internecine wars between Novgorod, Tver and
Moscow princes. Since then, the city's belonging to Novgorod was not
stable and was constantly the subject of negotiations with the Grand
Dukes, although Vologda appeared in the Novgorod charters until
1456. So in 1304-1305, Grand Duke Mikhail Yaroslavich even managed
to appoint his governor in the city for a short time. In 1368,
Vologda was captured by the Moscow prince Dmitry Donskoy, after
which a duumvirate of Novgorod and Moscow governors was apparently
established in the city. A notable outpost of Moscow's influence in
Vologda soon became the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery, founded in 1371 4
km from the city by Dimitry Prilutsky and becoming the first
cenobitic monastery in the Russian North.
In 1397, the Moscow
Prince Vasily I, by military means, actually annexed Vologda to his
possessions. However, even after that, the city was repeatedly
attacked by Novgorodians, and was one of the objects of struggle
during the Internecine War of 1425-1453. A few months after the
defeat by Dmitry Shemyaka, Vasily II the Dark with his wife and
children was released "out of capture." On September 15, 1446,
Shemyaka granted Vasily the inheritance of Vologda. Thus, Vasily II
became the first prince of Vologda. From here he went to the
Cyrillo-Belozersky Monastery, where hegumen Tryphon in 1447 was
released from the kiss of the cross not to claim the Moscow throne,
after which he again continued to fight with Dmitry Shemyaka. In
1450, Vologda was besieged by the troops of Dmitry Shemyaka, who,
according to legend, could not take the city thanks to the
miraculous intercession of Dmitry Prilutsky and two young men in
white robes (“Belarusians”), who killed the besiegers.
After
the death of Vasily II, Vologda in 1462 passes into the inheritance
of his son Andrei the Lesser and again becomes the center of the
Vologda specific principality.
Under Ivan III, Vologda became
a place for gathering troops during military campaigns, storing the
treasury and grain reserves, as well as exile. At the end of the
15th - beginning of the 16th century, the Kazan khan Alegam, the
Crimean khan Ayder, the Lithuanian hetman Konstantin Ostrozhsky, the
sons of Andrei the Great, princes of Uglich Ivan and Dmitry, visited
Vologda as exiles.
Under Ivan III, a road was laid from
Yaroslavl to Vologda.
In 1481, after the death of Prince
Andrei, who left no heirs, Vologda, as an escheat, passes to Grand
Duke Ivan III, is transformed into the Vologda district and is
finally assigned to the Moscow principality.
During the reign of Tsar Ivan IV, Vologda became one of the most
important transit centers in Russia's foreign trade with England,
Holland and other Western countries along the Severodvinsk route and
in trade with Siberia along the Sukhona and Vychegda. In the city on
the banks of the river, the sovereign's storeroom was built. In
1555, the British opened their trading office in Vologda, and the
first Russian ambassador sent to England for negotiations was Osip
Nepeya from Vologda.
In 1565, Ivan IV decides to turn Vologda
into the capital of the Oprichnina and orders to dig ditches in the
city and build a stone Vologda Kremlin. The new fortress, bounded on
one side by the river, and on the other by the boundaries of the
modern streets of Leningradskaya, Oktyabrskaya and Mir (the
Zolotukha River), according to the tsar's plan, was supposed to be
2.1 times larger than the Moscow Kremlin. The laying of the fortress
began with the personal presence of the king on April 28, 1566, on
the day of the holy apostles Jason (Nason) and Sosipater, in
connection with which the territory of the fortress, located in a
new place from the historical part of Vologda, received the name
"Nason-city".
In 1568, the construction of a new cathedral
church and the first stone building in Vologda, the Sophia
Cathedral, began on the territory of the fortress, the construction
of which continued until 1570 and was carried out on the model of
the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin in order to give the
northern residence of the tsar a metropolitan appearance. All
construction work was carried out under the personal supervision of
the king, who repeatedly stayed in Vologda. In total, up to 10
thousand people were employed in the construction of the cathedral
and the Vologda fortress.
In 1571, Vologda became the center
of the Vologda-Perm diocese and the seat of the bishops of Vologda
and Great Perm. The diocese was formed back in 1492 with a chair in
the distant Permian village of Ust-Vym. Thus, along with the
commercial and military-political rise, there was a strengthening of
Vologda in church affairs.
In the same 1571, Ivan IV
unexpectedly stopped construction work in Vologda and left it
forever. As possible reasons, historians single out the abolition of
Oprichnina (and, consequently, its center), the raid of the Crimean
Khan Devlet Giray on Moscow, and the epidemic of the “pestilence”.
There is also a legend that during the next visit to St. Sophia
Cathedral, a stone (or a piece of plaster) fell from its roof on
Ivan IV's head, which the tsar took as a bad sign. In confirmation
of this legend, the fact is given that the St. Sophia Cathedral,
which Ivan IV even wanted to dismantle, was never consecrated during
his reign. The consecration of the cathedral itself took place only
under his son Fyodor Ivanovich in 1587. And sections of the
unfinished fortress, which were later briefly reinforced with wooden
walls in the 17th century, stood until the beginning of the 19th
century, when they were dismantled by the city authorities and local
residents as material for stone construction.
During the Time of Troubles, Vologda became an important center of
the struggle against the invaders. Despite the fact that initially in
the summer of 1608 Vologda swore allegiance to False Dmitry II, already
at the end of November of the same year, as a result of abuses and
unlimited extortions by the new administration against his governor, a
successful uprising took place in the city[48]. The new government in
Vologda supported the government of Vasily Shuisky, established contact
with government troops in other cities, and the Vologda militia began to
liberate the cities of the northern and central parts of the country
(Kostroma, Romanov, Yaroslavl, Galich) from the "Tushins". Vologda
becomes a stronghold of the liberation movement in the North and the
Volga region. Nevertheless, after the overthrow of Vasily Shuisky and
the establishment of the Seven Boyars, Vologda residents swear
allegiance to the Polish prince Vladislav.
Nevertheless, in the
spring of 1611, Vologda actively participated in the formation of the
First Militia, and in the spring-summer of 1612 it became one of the
important centers for the formation and concentration of military forces
of the Second Militia of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky. In the summer of
1612, the Vologda detachments under the command of P. I. Mansurov set
off to liberate Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian garrison, but there
were not enough contingents left in Vologda itself to defend the city ..
As a result, on September 22, 1612, one of the Polish-Lithuanian
predatory detachments had no difficulty took possession of Vologda,
after which the city was burned, and many inhabitants were killed or
taken prisoner. As the Archbishop of Vologda Sylvester testified, “the
destroyers of the Orthodox faith came to Vologda without a trace, they
took the city, they flogged all kinds of people, they desecrated the
churches of God, they burned the city and the settlements to the
ground.”
In 1612, when Moscow was captured by the Poles, the head
office of the Moscow Company was evacuated to Vologda. Four years
earlier, due to the siege of Moscow, foreign merchants with goods
accumulated in Vologda. Tsar Vasily ordered to organize the defense of
the city, to which the same merchants were involved.
After the end of the Time of Troubles, Vologda is experiencing a new
heyday: the city is being actively restored, refugees are returning, the
population is growing, crafts, domestic and foreign trade, and stone
construction are flourishing. At the end of the 17th century, Vologda
was second only to Moscow and Yaroslavl in terms of the number of
households.
During the reign of Peter I, Vologda, in addition to
its trade and craft significance, became a major military base of the
country and a shipbuilding center. The tsar also planned to turn Vologda
into the center of training voyages of the Russian fleet that was being
created, which he intended to conduct on Lake Kubenskoye (30 km from
Vologda). However, Kubenskoye Lake seemed to the tsar unsuitable for
this. Peter I himself stayed in the city 5 times (1692, 1693, 1694,
1702, 1724). His place of residence in Vologda was the house of the
Dutch merchant I. Goatman, which in 1872 was acquired by the city
authorities, and in 1885 turned into the House-Museum of Peter I.
However, with the founding of St. Petersburg, which opened the sea
route to Europe through the Baltic Sea, the importance of Vologda as the
center of Russia's foreign trade fell sharply. In addition, Vologda
ceased to be an administrative center: in 1708 the city was assigned to
the Arkhangelsk province. And by Peter's decree of 1722 on the
restriction of trade through Arkhangelsk, Vologda was completely aloof
from trade routes, deserted and turned into an ordinary provincial city.
Some revival came only under Catherine II, who on January 25, 1780
made Vologda the center of a special Vologda governorship. By decree of
Paul I of December 12 (23), 1796, the Vologda viceroy was renamed the
Vologda province. In turn, the territory of the present central part of
Vologda has been built up since the end of the 18th century according to
the plan of the provincial city, approved in 1781.
The new
economic upsurge of the city is associated with the launch of the
Mariinsky and Severo-Dvinskaya water systems, steamship traffic along
the Sukhona and the construction of a railway line connecting Vologda
with Yaroslavl and Moscow (1872), with Arkhangelsk (1898), with St.
Petersburg and Vyatka (1905).
In 1871, the Holstein entrepreneur
F.A. Buman opened the first Russian specialized butter factory in the
village of Marfino, Vologda district, and in 1872, another butter
factory in the nearby village of Fominskoye (13 km from Vologda). Since
then, Vologda has become the center of the butter industry, and Vologda
butter, the manufacturing technology of which was invented by N.V.
Vereshchagin and acquired by F.A. Buman, has become a global brand. In
1911, the Fominskoye estate with the F.A. Buman butter factory was
transferred to the treasury, and the Vologda Dairy Institute was founded
on its basis: thus, Vologda turns into one of the largest dairy centers
in the country.
In addition, Vologda has been a place of exile
since the 15th century, and in the 19th century it received the nickname
"undercapital Siberia". At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th
century, I. V. Stalin, V. M. Molotov, N. A. Berdyaev, B. V. Savinkov, M.
I. Ulyanova, A. V. Lunacharsky, A. A. Bogdanov. According to rough
estimates, a total of about 10 thousand people passed through the
Vologda exile. However, even a large number of exiles did not contribute
to the active development of the revolutionary movement in Vologda.
During the years of the First Russian Revolution, there was a slight
rise in revolutionary activity, which ended after the riots on May 1,
1906. After the February Revolution, power passed to the Vologda
Provincial Provisional Committee. The former administration freely
surrendered its powers to the new government.
Soviet power in Vologda was established only in January 1918, and
until the end of June 1918 the city duma and council continued to
operate. In February 1918, Vologda became the “diplomatic capital of
Russia” for several months: out of fear of the capture of Petrograd by
German troops, about 11 embassies, consulates and missions headed by
American Ambassador David R. Francis were evacuated here. Under pressure
from the Bolsheviks, however, on July 24, 1918, the diplomats were
forced to leave Vologda and go home via Arkhangelsk. During the Civil
War, Vologda became the location of the headquarters of the VI Red Army,
which opposed the Northern Army of Yevgeny Miller.
In 1929,
Vologda for some time lost its significance as a regional center: the
Vologda province was abolished and included in the new entity - the
Northern Territory, which, in addition to Vologda, included the
territories of the Arkhangelsk and North Dvina provinces, as well as the
autonomous region of Komi (Zyryan). Arkhangelsk became the
administrative center of the Northern Territory.
On June 20,
1932, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee
decided to “abolish the Vologda region, the Northern Territory,
distributing its territory as follows:
a) village councils:
Bryukhovsky, Zabolotsky, Markovsky and Pukhtinsky completely, as well as
parts of the territory of Belovsky, Gavriltsevsky and Likhtozhsky
village councils, with a border in this area along the Likhtozhskaya
river, are attributed to Gryazovetsky district, Goncharovsky village
council is completely - to Kubino-Ozersky district, and village councils
: Potobovsky, Pudengsky, Khrenovsky and Yangosorsky completely and parts
of the territory of the Yemsky, Pogorelovsky and Toshninsky village
councils, with the establishment of the border along the Ema River, are
attributed to the Chebsarsky district;
b) the remaining territory
of the liquidated Vologda region, the Northern Territory, be
subordinated to the Vologda City Council in accordance with the decision
of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on
October 30, 1930 (SU, No. 57, art. 683).”
In December 1936, the
Northern Territory was abolished and divided into the Komi ASSR and the
Northern Region, Arkhangelsk became the administrative center of the
Northern Region.
On September 23, 1937, by a decree of the
Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the Northern Region was divided
into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Regions. By the same decree, the districts
of the Cherepovets district of the Leningrad region, which now
constituted the western part of the Vologda region and had never been
part of the Vologda province, were annexed to the Vologda Oblast. Thus,
the modern borders of the Vologda Oblast were formalized.
On
September 1, 1938, the Vologda District was formed in the Vologda
Oblast.
In the 1930s, industrialization took place in Vologda: a
flax mill, a plant for the manufacture of sawmill equipment "Northern
Kommunar", a garment factory named after. Clara Zetkin, ship repair,
wood chemical and car repair plants.
During the Great Patriotic
War, martial law was introduced in Vologda, and industrial enterprises
switched to military production. In addition, the city has become one of
the largest evacuation points (mainly for residents of besieged
Leningrad) and a hospital center.
Having become a front-line
city, Vologda was divided into hundreds of self-defense sites: bomb
shelters, simple shelters were built, air defense systems were deployed
that guarded the railway junction and military-industrial enterprises.
As a result, not a single bomb fell on the city, although there were
repeated bombing attempts[67]. In addition, Vologda regularly supplied
the Leningrad Front through its railway junction. Residents of the city
made donations in the form of donated blood, money and jewelry. With the
money of the Vologda residents, a tank column "Vologda Collective
Farmer" was formed
In November 1991, the city administration was established and the
reform of local self-government bodies began. In October 1993, the
Soviets of People's Deputies of all levels, including the city of
Vologda, were liquidated. After the dissolution of the City Council
in Vologda, the Council of Self-Government of the City of Vologda
(of 6 deputies) was established, the first elections to which were
held on March 20, 1994. In December 1995, new elections were held
for the Self-Government Council, whose composition was expanded to
30 deputies. On July 25, 1996, the main law of the city was adopted
- the Charter of the city of Vologda.
On October 6, 1996,
Vologda hosted the first ever nationwide election of the head of the
city, which was won by A.S. Yakunichev, who led the city until 2008.
In 1999, the Council of Self-Government of the city of Vologda was
renamed the Vologda City Duma.
In 2003, construction of a
ring road began in Vologda, which connects the A114, A119 and M8
highways (Arkhangelsk and Moscow exits).
On August 25, 2005,
in connection with the signing of Federal Law No. 131 “On the
General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the
Russian Federation”, the City Duma approved a new charter for
Vologda. However, despite the introduction by the deputies of more
than 400 amendments and an increase in the volume of the document by
2.5 times, the Charter of 2005 did not contain significant changes
compared to the city Charter of 1996. On July 14, 2006, the
Fourteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal was opened in Vologda.
On October 12, 2008, Yevgeny Shulepov was elected the new mayor.
In 2010, Vologda was admitted to the new Hanseatic Society
(Hanseatic League).
On November 15, 2022, for the dedication
and labor heroism of the city residents in achieving Victory in the
Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, the city was awarded the honorary
title of the Russian Federation “City of Labor Valor.
By plane
Airport "Vologda". ☎ +7 (8172) 55-36-98. 🕑 Mon–Fri
8:00–17:00. A small airport (IATA code: VGD), located 10 km north of the
city along the M8 highway. Capable of receiving only small aircraft such
as the Yak-40. It does not work on weekends, on weekdays it sends and
receives only one flight each: on Monday, Wednesday and Friday to Moscow
and back, on Tuesday and Thursday to St. Petersburg.
By train
Vologda stands at the intersection of the railway lines
Moscow-Arkhangelsk and St. Petersburg-Kirov.
From Moscow in the
afternoon from the Yaroslavsky railway station on the fast branded train
No. 108YA "Daytime Express" - on the way a little less than 7 hours, it
arrives in Vologda by midnight. Or on transit trains to Cherepovets,
Arkhangelsk, Kotlas, Syktyvkar, Vorkuta, Labytnangi - travel time 8-9
hours.
In St. Petersburg, trains to Vologda depart from the Ladozhsky
railway station. The most convenient is the branded train No. 618YA
"White Nights", which departs in the evening and arrives in Vologda by 9
am. You can take a transit train to Izhevsk, Novokuznetsk, Tyumen,
Chelyabinsk or Yekaterinburg, but many of them arrive in Vologda late at
night - travel time is 12 hours.
Vologda-I station, pl.
Babushkina, 5. ☎ +7 (800) 775-00-00. around the clock. The main railway
station of the city. The station was opened in 1872, and already at the
beginning of the 20th century, Vologda became a major railway junction
in the north of the country. The station building was built in 1907
according to the design of the St. Petersburg architect V. Shchuko, the
future creator of many projects of Stalinist architecture. Free Wi-Fi is
available at the station.
By car
From Moscow: along the M8
E115 Kholmogory highway via Yaroslavl and Danilov. The distance from the
Moscow Ring Road is about 450 km.
From St. Petersburg: along the
Kola highway P21 up to 122 km (to Novaya Ladoga), then on A114 through
Tikhvin, Cherepovets, Sheksna about 700 km.
By bus
Bus
station , pl. Babushkina, 10. ☎ +7 (8172) 75-04-52. 5:30 - 21:00. The
building of the bus station was built next to the Vologda-I railway
station in 1970. Now, on average, 300 flights per day depart from the
bus station. Tickets can be purchased without a queue on the website of
the bus station.
As of 2020, the fare in public transport is 28 rubles. Public transport in Vologda is represented by buses and minibuses, there is one trolleybus route. Almost all public transport passes through the city center.
Mid-range
1 Atrium Hotel, ul. Gertsena, 27, ☎ +7 8172
78-78-25, fax: +7 (8172) 75-33-13, e-mail:
hotel@atrium-vologda.ru. This business-class hotel is centrally located, easily found while
driving, and newly built. Rooms are comfortable, 4 stars are
claimed, at least 3 stars are really delivered. Free wi-fi in rooms
and lobby. single 3,400 - 4,600 RUR, double 3,800 - 5,000 RUR
dependig on room class.
Splurge
2 Angliter, ul.
Lermontova, 23, ☎ +7 8172 76-24-36. The most expensive and probably
the only deluxe hotel in the city of Vologda 3,100 - 8,900 RUR
depending on room.
1 Trade house "Vologda souvenirs", st. Chekhov, 12, 2nd floor. ☎ +7
(8172) 21-14-81. 9:00–19:00. The largest handicraft store in the city.
Here you can buy Vologda lace, products made of enamel, silver, linen,
wood painting, traditional Vologda products and much more. But the
prices are quite high.
2 Salon-shop of the lace company Snezhinka ,
Torgovaya Square, 1 (next to the Museum of Lace). ☎ 9:00–20:00. +7
(8172) 76-99-11. Company store of one of the largest Vologda enterprises
engaged in the production of lace products since 1930. Here is the
widest selection of clothes, jewelry, interior items, souvenirs from the
famous Vologda lace in the city. You can make custom-made clothes. The
prices and quality of products are high.
3 House of Gifts and
Souvenirs, Kremlin Square, 8 (opposite the Kremlin). ☎ +7 (8172)
72-20-20. 10:00–19:00. Souvenir shop with a wide range of Vologda
souvenirs (including lace) and good prices. Located in a two-story
wooden house. Nearby on the Kremlin Square there are many souvenir
stalls.
4 City market, st. Batyushkova, 3A. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-80-57.
7:00–19:00. The main food market of the city, where you can buy Vologda
delicacies, wild berries, clothes, shoes and souvenirs. There is an
oriental cafe. Located next to the Kremlin - a convenient place for
shopping early in the morning when most shops are closed.
5 TC
"TsUM" , Blagoveshchenskaya st., 4. ☎ +7 (8172) 79-51-93. Mon–Fri
9:00–20:00, Sat 10:00–19:00, Sun 10:00–18:00. Relatively small 4-storey
shopping center 500 m from the Kremlin. There are no clothing and
footwear stores, perfumery, jewelry stores, communication stores, Burger
King, a cafe, a grocery supermarket and no private parking. Lots of
branded items at high prices. There are souvenirs and a toilet.
6 Shopping center "Oasis", st. Mira, 82. ☎ +7 (800) 100-27-27.
10:00–21:00. 6-storey shopping center in the center of Vologda. Grocery
supermarket "Maxi", electronics, cosmetics, clothing and footwear stores
of famous Russian and European brands. There is parking for 450 cars.
7 SEC "Marmelad" , Poshekhonskoye highway, 22. ☎ +7 (8172) 71-93-30.
10:00–21:00. The largest shopping center in the Vologda region, where
about 130 stores of clothing, footwear, electronics, sporting goods,
cosmetics and other goods are concentrated in one place, the brands of
most of which are familiar to Moscow visitors. There is a food
hypermarket "Maxi", a multiplex cinema and a food court. Located 4 km
from the Kremlin on the road from Moscow (there is a large parking lot),
you can also get there by public transport.
8 SEC RIO , Okruzhnoe
Highway, 12. ☎ +7 (8172) 78-71-01. 10:00–21:00. A large shopping center
on the outskirts of Vologda, not far from the M8 highway. There is a
large parking lot. There are many chain stores of clothes and shoes,
electronics, cosmetics, an Auchan supermarket, a cinema and a food
court. One of the most popular shopping centers in the city.
Cheap
1 Cafe "Oliva", 33 Kozlenskaya st. ☎ +7 (8172)
76-24-01. Mon–Fri 8:00–18:00. Inexpensive cafe in the city center
with a self-service line. You can dine for 150-500 rubles. Good
range of dishes, tasty pastries, but there are a lot of people at
lunchtime. Specializes in business lunches and banquets. Not open on
weekends
2 Cafe "Momo", Kozlenskaya st., 33. ☎ +7 (8172)
50-58-11. 8:00–20:00. Cafeteria in the center. Lunch costs 150-300
rubles. When ordering from 500 rubles, you can bring your own
alcohol. Lots of other promotions. There is a play area for
children. Daytime parking can be a problem.
3 Cafe "Prosto
Pelmen" , st. Mira, 40. ☎ +7 (953) 521-00-23. Mon–Fri 10:00–17:00.
A cafe 700 meters from the Kremlin specializes in dumplings and
dumplings, but also offers business lunches. Pelmeni 150-200 rubles
per serving. Lunch (salad + hot dish with garnish) — 130 rubles You
can buy frozen dumplings to go. Doesn't work on weekends.
4 Dining room No. 22 , pl. Babushkina, 4. ☎ +7 (911) 501-63-22.
Mon–Fri 9:00–17:00. Inexpensive dining room on the square in front
of the railway and bus station. Lunches from 120 rubles. Coffee to
go. Baking from 20 rubles. In the city center there are 4 more
establishments under the Dining Room No. 22 brand - all belong to
the same chain.
5 Dining room in the shopping center "Akson",
Okruzhnoye Highway, 18. ☎ +7 (817) 228-28-28. 9:00–21:00. Complex
lunch - 200 rubles. It is located on the first floor of the building
hypermarket center. You can drop by car on the way to Kirillov or
Cherepovets. It is not very convenient to get there without a
personal vehicle.
6 Dining room in the Teplichny trade house,
Yaroslavskaya st., 9A. ☎ +7 (817) 271-68-36. Mon-Fri: 9:00–16:00. An
excellent dining room in the trading house of an agricultural plant.
Complex lunch - 200 rubles. Can be taken away. Lots of fresh
vegetable salads. It is convenient to drive by car on the way from
Moscow - a good alternative to McDonald's located 300 m away, but it
is closed on weekends.
7 Tasty - and the point
(ex-McDonald's) , Poshekhonskoye highway, 20. ☎ +7 (817) 279-52-01.
The hall is open from 7:00 to 23:30, MakAuto - around the clock,
technical break from 4:00 to 5:00. "Delicious - and that's it" 5 km
southwest of the Kremlin.
Average cost
8 Chikibamboni
Family Restaurant , Kozlenskaya St., 33A. ☎ +7 (817) 223-97-98.
Mon-Thu, Sun: 11:00–22:00, Fri–Sat 11:00–23:00. A local chain of
cafes offering soups, salads, pizza, rolls, desserts, author's
lemonades, business lunches. It tastes better than fast food
restaurants, but also a little more expensive. Two floors, pleasant
interior, there is a children's playroom. There are several other
establishments of this network in the city, but they are further
from the center.
9 Monblanc Restaurant , 17 Torgovaya Square. ☎
+7 (817) 272-14-14. Mon-Thu, Sun: 11:00–23:00, Fri–Sat 11:00–2:00.
Spacious restaurant 150 m from the Vologda Kremlin. There is a bar
and dance area. Hot dishes from 350 rubles. Friday and Saturday are
often busy with celebrations.
10 Restaurant-bar "Prometheus", st.
Mira, 6. ☎ +7 (8172) 55-10-10. Mon–Fri 8:00–22:00, Sat–Sun
12:00–22:00. A two-story restaurant in the very center of Vologda
with a bright interior, a large bar and reasonable prices. Bar and
cafe on the ground floor, restaurant on the second floor. There are
inexpensive breakfasts and business lunches.
11 Restaurant "Old
cauldron" , st. Chernyshevsky, 52. ☎ +7 (8172) 33-13-33. Mon-Thu,
Sun 12:00–00:00, Fri–Sat 12:00–2:00. Family restaurant with
interiors decorated in the style of old England, inspired by the
Harry Potter books. Play area for children with a nanny. Hot from
350 rub. There is a large bar, a special children's menu and
business lunches. It is located on the Zarechnaya side, 1.5 km from
the Kremlin.
Expensive
12 "Vereshchagin" restaurant, st.
Herzen, 2a. ☎ +7 (817) 275-87-78. 12:00–00:00. Restaurant of Russian
cuisine, named after the creator of the Vologda butter Nikolai
Vereshchagin. The menu has a wide range of dishes from ordinary
salads to dumplings from pike, elk or bear meat, but not everything
is available. Nice atmosphere, live music in the evenings, beautiful
dishes. There is a summer terrace. Prices are above average - hot
from 500 rubles. Conveniently located: about a kilometer from the
Kremlin and at the same distance from the railway station.
12
"Vereshchagin" restaurant, st. Herzen, 2a. ☎ +7 (817) 275-87-78.
12:00–00:00. Restaurant of Russian cuisine, named after the creator
of the Vologda butter Nikolai Vereshchagin. The menu has a wide
range of dishes from ordinary salads to dumplings from pike, elk or
bear meat, but not everything is available. Nice atmosphere, live
music in the evenings, beautiful dishes. There is a summer terrace.
Prices are above average - hot from 500 rubles. Conveniently
located: about a kilometer from the Kremlin and at the same distance
from the railway station.
15 Wonderbeat restaurant, st. Lenina,
7. ☎ +7 (921) 139-54-84. Mon-Thu, Sun 12:00–23:00, Fri–Sat
12:00–00:00. Gastronomic cafe with a wide range of meat and
vegetarian dishes, desserts and soft drinks. Hot from 400 rub.
Positioned as a wow-cafe with bright youth interiors. It is located
in the very center, 500 meters from the Kremlin.
16 Chateau de
Grand Restaurant (formerly Miskolc) , Galkinskaya st., 37. ☎ +7
(8172) 50-41-85. Mon–Sat 12:00–23:00. A beautiful and cozy
restaurant located in the building of the former Catholic Church of
the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. The Roman Catholic church was
built in 1913, and already in 1929 it was closed by the Soviet
authorities - it housed the dormitory of the veterinary technical
school. In 1989, a restaurant was opened in the renovated building.
Large chic hall with Catholic interiors, live music and dance floor.
Hot from 450 rub. There are business lunches from 160 rubles.
Located in the center, parking can be difficult.
1 Night club "X.O." , st. Kirova, 78. ☎ +7 (921) 140-12-00. Fri–Sat
22:00–6:00. One of the best nightclubs in Vologda in the very center.
Professional DJs and quality alcohol, but the dance floor is small.
Dress code and face control. Prices are above average, there can be a
lot of people.
2 Night club "Tipsy" (formerly Paradise) ,
Zalineinaya st., 22. ☎ +7 (8172) 25-02-50. Fri–Sat 22:00–6:00. A popular
nightclub in the northwest of the city. Spacious dance floor, big bar
with average prices. Often there are concerts of various performers and
corporate parties. Face control.
3 Resto-bar «Berry Bar» , st.
Lenina, 14. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-20-00. Mon–Thu 9:00–00:00, Fri 9:00–3:00, Sat
11:00–3:00, Sun closed. Popular place in the city center. It offers a
wide range of dishes and alcohol at average prices, there are business
lunches, hookahs and a small dance area. On Friday and Saturday
evenings, live vocals leading with competitions. It is no longer aimed
at young people, but at the family and business audience.
Cheap
1 Avantage Hostel , Prechistenskaya Embankment, 34a. ☎ +7
(8172) 33-46-36. Comfortable hostel in the city center with modern clean
rooms, friendly staff and Wi-Fi. Prices from 350 rubles. for a bed in a
10-bed room up to 1300 rubles. for double standard with own bathroom.
The hostel has a sauna with a swimming pool and free parking.
2 Pilgrim Hostel , Prechistenskaya nab, 74. ☎ +7 (921) 126-89-83.
Cozy, clean hostel in the center, next to the Vologda River Station.
Prices from 600 rubles. for a bed in an 8-bed room up to 2300 for a
standard double room with a bathroom, but a shared bathroom. Modern
design rooms, spacious common area, attentive staff.
3 Hotel
Sputnik , Puteyskaya st., 14. ☎ +7 (8172) 75-79-75. Inexpensive hotel
near the railway station. Economy double rooms from 1100 rubles with
Wi-Fi, but without breakfast. Furniture and appliances are not the
newest, but the staff is good and there is a dining room - you can dine
for 200 rubles.
4 Mini-hotel "Voyage", st. Karl Marx, 32. ☎ +7 (8172)
70-06-70. A small hotel on the Zarechnaya side, 2.5 km from the Kremlin.
Standard double room with continental breakfast - 1700 rubles. But the
bathroom and toilet are on the floor, shared by 4 rooms. On the ground
floor there is a shared kitchen and refrigerator. On the ground floor
there is an inexpensive sauna (1000 rubles / two hours). You can order
lunch and dinner. The staff is attentive
5 Guest house
"Neighbors" , st. Solodunova, 20. ☎ +7 (911) 510-34-84. Apartments from
1800 to 2500 per apartment with a kitchen and all necessary equipment.
There are also economy rooms for 1-2 people for 1400 rubles. Located 3.5
km from the Kremlin, but away from noisy streets. Good staff.
Average cost
modern furniture. For 850 rubles. You can rent a place
in a quadruple room. A double economy room without meals will cost 2,500
rubles, and a three-room suite with three meals a day will cost 6,900
rubles. In addition to the hotel, the building houses a restaurant,
several bars, bowling, billiards and a sauna. The hotel and
entertainment complex is conveniently located 1.2 km from the Kremlin,
there is a guarded parking lot.
7 Vologda Hotel, st. Mira, 92. ☎ +7
(817) 223-99-91. From 2200 rub. for a small standard room with breakfast
(buffet) up to 3900 for a two-room junior suite. A large three-star
hotel near the railway and bus station, built in the Soviet era, but
with a modern renovation and polite staff. Good value for money. There
is a restaurant on the ground floor where you can order room service.
8 Hotel Svetlitsa, emb. VI Army, 123A. ☎ +7 (8172) 54-44-04. Double
standard with breakfast 3200 rub. A new hotel built in 2015 on the
Zarechnaya side, next to the Church of Dimitry Prilutsky - 1.3 km from
the Kremlin. 14 comfortable rooms with modern appliances and furniture,
fresh interiors, air conditioning and Wi-Fi. Polite staff and good
breakfast, but poor soundproofing.
9 Hotel Nikolaevsky ,
Kostromskaya st., 14. ☎ +7 (8172) 26-65-55. It is located on a large
well-groomed territory on the outskirts of the city, 5 km from the
Kremlin, but it is convenient for those arriving by car from Moscow -
there is a large parking lot. It offers 57 rooms of various categories
with prices ranging from 3,000 for a standard with breakfast to 11,000
for a three-room presidential suite with a jacuzzi. The rooms are large
enough with comfortable furniture, a good buffet breakfast. Focuses on
business clients and corporate events.
10 Hotel "History" , st.
Vorovskogo, 28. ☎ +7 (8172) 72-32-00. Double standard with breakfast -
3100 rubles. Three-star hotel with interior design elements in the
historical center, less than 1 km from the Kremlin. It consists of
several buildings, the rooms are no frills, but with modern furniture
and appliances. You can rent a studio with a small kitchen. There is an
own restaurant with a bar, a hammam and a small park courtyard with a
fountain. Rooms on the attic and basement floors are slightly worse, but
cheaper.
11 Hotel "Aura", Blagoveshchenskaya st., 54. ☎ +7 (8172)
34-00-35. Double standard - 2950 rubles. A small hotel in the city
center, not far from the Kremlin. 23 rooms with modern furniture,
appliances, Wi-Fi, dishes and air conditioning. Across the road there is
a second building - Blagoveshchenskaya st., 51B, with the same rooms and
prices, but for breakfast you have to go to the first building. In the
second building there is a spa center with a swimming pool, hotel guests
have a discount.
12 Gubernia Hotel, st. Kirova, 8. ☎ +7 (8172)
23-99-77. Double standard with breakfast - 3000 rubles. Mini-hotel in
the center of Vologda with spacious comfortable rooms, delicious
breakfast and caring staff. The hotel building is a two-story mansion,
stylized as a pre-revolutionary Vologda building.
Expensive
13 Palisade Hotel, Torgovaya Ploshchad, 17 (Sergey Orlov St., 7). ☎ +7
(8172) 72-27-61. Standard double room with breakfast - 3500 rubles.
Hotel for 43 rooms with the best location in the center - 150 m from the
Kremlin. On the territory of the hotel there is a restaurant "Mont
Blanc" (with a separate entrance), there is a sauna and billiards. Good
staff, Wi-Fi and breakfast, but poor soundproofing.
14 Boutique Hotel
"Biblioteka" st. Chernyshevsky, 24. ☎ +7 (8172) 26-42-74. Design hotel
with 10 rooms, each of which is dedicated to a certain literary work of
various writers, from Bradbury to Bulgakov, with appropriate quotes and
illustrations. A standard room with air conditioning will cost 3800
rubles for two. Under the roof of the hotel there is a bookstore, a bath
club and a fairly expensive gastrobar with a good selection of alcoholic
cocktails. It is located on the Zarechnaya side, 1 km from the Kremlin,
on the main street with busy traffic, so it can be a little noisy.
15 Hotel "Angliter" , st. Lermontova, 23. ☎ +7 (8172) 76-24-36. Luxury
hotel with a convenient location in the city center. Rooms from 3500
rubles. for the cheapest attic suite with breakfast up to 8000 for a
suite with half board. All rooms are equipped with air conditioning,
pompous furniture in the spirit of English classicism, a complete set of
hygiene items, slippers and bathrobes. There is a restaurant of
Russian-European cuisine, a sauna and a beauty salon.
16 Atrium
Hotel, st. Herzen, 27. ☎ +7 (800) 100-81-43. Double standard with
breakfast - 3800 rubles. Quite an expensive hotel in a modern glass
building. The rooms are spacious and comfortable, but practically do not
differ from the average price category. Conveniently located between the
Kremlin and the train station, breakfast and service are good. The hotel
has a large restaurant with 150 seats.
17 Aria Hotel ,
Predtechenskaya st., 68. ☎ +7 (8172) 33-33-44. Double standard with
breakfast - 6500 rubles. A new modern SPA-hotel with a restaurant and a
bar, located next to the railway and bus station. The rooms are spacious
with designer interiors, upholstered furniture and air conditioning, but
expensive. Access to the SPA-zone with a sauna for a fee.
The following annual theater festivals are
held in Vologda:
"Voices of History" (the beginning of July,
every year)
Valery Gavrilin international music festival (every
year, from October till December)
«Summer in the Kremlin» (every
even year, from June till July)
The annual open international
festival of multimedia art "Multimatograf
All federal mobile operators work in Vologda, the speed of mobile
Internet is 4G. Most hotels and restaurants in the city have free Wi-Fi.
Main post office, Sovetsky pr., 4. ☎ +7 (800) 100-00-00. Mon–Fri
8:00–22:00, Sat–Sun 9:00–18:00. The main post office in the city center.
The index is 160000. It is located in the House of Communications, built
in 1962. The sign "Kilometer Zero of the Vologda Oblast Motorways" is
installed on the facade of the building.
Vologda is a convenient base point for visiting the
Kirillo-Belozersky and Ferapontov monasteries. Also through Vologda you
can go to Belozersk and Totma.
1 Semyonkovo Architectural and
Ethnographic Museum, 12th km of the A119 Vologda-Medvezhyegorsk highway
(on the road to Kirillov, between the village of Maiskoye and the
village of Molochnoye, marked with a sign on the right). ☎ +7 (8172)
21-01-90. May-September: 10:00-18:00, October-April: 10:00-17:00. On Mon
and Tue, the expositions in the museum houses are closed, but you can
visit the territory of the museum. 150 rub. Museum of wooden
architecture in the open air, operating since 1979. On the territory of
the museum with an area of 12.7 hectares there are monuments of wooden
architecture of the mid-19th - early 20th centuries, brought here from
the eastern regions of the region: churches, mills, houses, baths. From
the bus station in Vologda, you can take bus number 37 "Vologda -
Molochnoye" to the stop "Semyonkovo" (30 rubles).
2 Museum of
Alexander Mozhaisky (estate Kotelnikovo) , p. Mozhayskoye (12 km from
Vologda). ☎ +7 (8172) 55-53-80. Tue–Sat 10:00–17:00. 100 rub. The museum
tells about the Vologda period of the life of the Russian inventor in
the field of aeronautics A.F. Mozhaisky. The expositions of the museum
are housed in a two-story wooden mansion of the middle of the 19th
century - here in 1861-1868. Mozhaisky made calculations and experiments
to create a monoplane. A manor park with a pond adjoins the house - the
estate belonged to the wife of the inventor, L.D. Kuzmina. The museum
also has an exposition dedicated to other Vologda residents related to
aviation and astronautics, including designer Sergei Ilyushin and
cosmonaut Pavel Belyaev. From the Vologda bus station, you can take
buses to Peryevo or Minkino to the Mozhayskoye stop.
Vologda is located in the north of the European part of Russia in the
southwestern corner of the Sukhona depression. To the south-west of the
city is the Vologda Upland.
The height of the city center above
sea level is 120 meters. The length of the city from west to east is
16.2 km, from north to south - 10.4 km.
The city is located on
both banks of the Vologda River. In addition to this river, several
dozen other rivers flow into the city, flowing into the Vologda River,
in particular, Zolotukha and Shogrash. Some small rivers in the city are
taken into pipes - for example, Chernavka and Kopanka.
Approximately 10,000 years ago, there was a glacier on the territory of
the Vologda region, during the descent of which a hilly landscape was
formed. The result of the melting of the glacier was Lake Kubenskoye.
There are also a large number of ponds and lakes in Vologda.
Vologda is located in the MSK time zone (Moscow time). The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +3:00. In accordance with the applied time and geographic longitude, the average solar noon in Vologda occurs at 12:20.
Vologda is located in the temperate continental climate zone, which
is formed under conditions of low solar radiation in winter, under the
influence of the northern seas and intense western transport, with
relatively warm short summers and long cold winters. The weather is
unstable: thaws are observed in winter, severe frosts are possible in
spring. The removal of warm sea air associated with the passage of
cyclones from the Atlantic and the frequent intrusions of arctic air
from the Arctic Ocean make the weather very unstable throughout the
year.
Winter in the city is long and moderately cold, lasting
five and a half months. Spring and autumn are cool, summer is moderately
warm, the coldest month is January, the warmest month is July.
Precipitation falls more in summer and autumn, in the form of rain.
The average annual temperature is +2.7 C°
The average annual wind
speed is 3.0 m/s
Average annual air humidity - 80%
The level of air pollution is high. The main source of air pollution
in Vologda is motor transport, which accounts for more than 80% of
emissions in the city. The largest stationary sources include heat power
enterprises - MUP "Vologdagorteploset", the Main Directorate of JSC
"TGC-2" in the Vologda Region (Vologda CHPP), the construction industry
- JSC "Agrostroykonstruktsiya", the machine-building complex - JSC
"Vologda Optical and Mechanical Plant", CJSC Vologda Bearing Plant.
Surface waters are distinguished by a high content of organic substances
of humus origin. The main ingredients that affect the level of river
pollution are substances, the increased content of which is determined
by natural factors: copper, zinc, iron, COD. The anthropogenic component
is most clearly seen in watercourses, the flow of sewage into which
significantly exceeds their natural flow. Characteristics of surface
water quality shows that in none of the sites within the city and its
environs the degree of water pollution can be assessed as acceptable.
The average annual concentration of the total beta-activity of
aerosols in the surface atmosphere in Vologda in 2010 was 6.1 × 10-5
Bq/m3, which is 2.6 times lower than the average volumetric total
beta-activity of radionuclides in the air of the surface layer of the
atmosphere over the territory of Russia for 2010 year.
According
to the Main Geophysical Observatory. A. I. Voeikova as of 01/01/2020,
the average annual concentrations of pollutants are as follows:
suspended solids - 0.5 MPC;
nitrogen dioxide - 0.6 MPC;
benzo(a)pyrene - 0.5 MPC;
formaldehyde - 0.4 MPC
Atmospheric
air quality in the city (according to RD 52.04.667-2005) 2017-2019 — a
low level of pollution remains.
The territory of the city is
located on soils of sod-medium podzolic, sod-podzolic cultivated, marsh
and floodplain sod. Such soils are characterized by a low content of
humus and, consequently, low fertility.
The total mass of city
waste is 207 thousand tons, and a little more than 1/4 of this waste is
hazardous.
Hydrography
Vologda is located on both banks of the
river of the same name. In the city, the rivers Toshnya (serves as the
western border of the city), Pudezka, Zolotukha, Shogrash flow into it.
Also in the city and its environs there are many small rivers, such as
Sholda and Losta, Yevkovka. Three automobile bridges (Bridge of the
800th Anniversary, Zheleznodorozhny ("Humpbacked") and Oktyabrsky
Bridge) and one pedestrian bridge (Red Bridge) were built across the
Vologda River within the city.
The historical center of Vologda, where the main city sights and
architectural monuments are located, is located on the territory bounded
by the Moscow-Arkhangelsk railway line in the south and west, Mira Park
and Nekrasova Street in the north, and Gorky and Levicheva Streets in
the east. It contains the administrative, commercial and tourist centers
of the city. The historical center is conditionally divided into
districts: City, Upper Posad, Nizhny Posad, District. The administrative
center with regional and city administrations is located in the area of
Drygin and Revolution squares. The largest number of shops, catering
establishments and the city market are located in the area of Mira,
Batyushkov, Lenin, Maria Ulyanova, Blagoveshchenskaya, Pobedy Avenue.
The tourist center of the city, where the main branches of the Vologda
Museum-Reserve, St. Sophia Cathedral and the architectural ensemble of
the Bishop's Court are located, is concentrated around the Kremlin
Square. In some quarters of the historical center (around Zasodimsky
Street, Mayakovsky Street, Revolution Square, VI Army Embankment, etc.),
buildings of the 19th and early 20th centuries have been preserved, but
they are gradually being replaced by "compensatory" buildings - new
buildings imitating traditional Vologda wooden houses. A significant
part of the historical center was built up in the 1960-80s with typical
multi-storey buildings.
The main urban development occupies a
fairly compact area. In its southern and northeastern parts there are
large residential areas of the Bearing Plant (PZ), Byvalovo, Zavokzalny,
microdistricts 5 and 6, Fryazinovo, Vodniki. Areas of individual
residential development are located in the Oktyabrsky village-garden,
the village of Lnokombinat. These areas have been built up mainly with
typical five-, nine-, twelve-story houses since the 1960s. Large
industrial zones are concentrated in the eastern and western parts of
the city, as well as along the railways. The main highways that connect
the historical center of the city with large areas are: Chernyshevsky,
Gorky, Prokatova, Severnaya, Herzen, Marshal Konev, Mozhayskoye,
Leningradskaya, Poshekhonskoye Highway and Pobedy Avenue. The planning
and development, which determines the modern look of the city, was
implemented on the basis of the Master Plan of the Lengiprogor Institute
in 1976. In 2000, a new master plan was adopted. In 2012, the draft plan
for the Southern residential area was approved.
The key subjects of power in the city are:
The Vologda City Duma
is a representative body. It consists of 30 deputies elected on the
basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage, respectively, in 30
single-mandate constituencies. The term of office of the City Council is
5 years. The Vologda City Duma is controlled and accountable to all
elected officials (including the head of the city of Vologda), the city
administration and the Chamber of Control and Accounts. The activities
of the city duma are managed by its chairman and presidium (consisting
of the chairman, deputy chairmen, heads of factions and standing
committees, and a representative of the head of the city of Vologda).
The only faction in the Vologda City Duma is the United Russia faction
(26 people).
The Mayor of Vologda is the highest official of the
city, authorized to manage the city economy, budget, distribution of
funds and management of the city administration. On November 24, 2017,
Sergei Voropanov (United Russia) was appointed acting mayor of Vologda,
being the first deputy head of the city, and on November 26, 2019 he was
appointed to the post of mayor itself.
The head of the city of
Vologda is a city official authorized for external municipal relations,
accountable to the federal authorities. Appointed by deputies of the
city duma and the governor for 5 years. Reports to the Vologda City Duma
at least once a year. Since September 26, 2016, Yuri Sapozhnikov has
been appointed mayor of the city of Vologda.
The Vologda city
administration is an executive and administrative body. It consists of 7
departments (directly carry out management), 5 departments and 2
departments (provide the work of the administration). The head of the
administration is the head of the city of Vologda. Deputy heads of the
city are heads of departments.
The Chamber of Control and Accounts of
the city of Vologda is a control body. It is formed by the Vologda City
Duma and reports to it. Controls the execution of the budget and the
disposal of property owned by the city, conducts budgetary examinations
of municipal legal acts, audits the effectiveness of the use of
budgetary funds.
Since Vologda is a regional center, the state
authorities of the Vologda Oblast are also located on its territory: the
Government of the Vologda Oblast, the Legislative Assembly of the
Vologda Oblast, the Vologda Oblast Court, the Electoral Commission of
the Vologda Oblast, etc. arbitration courts of the Arkhangelsk, Vologda,
Novgorod, Pskov and Tver regions.
City and regional branches of
the political parties United Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian
Federation, Just Russia, the Liberal Democratic Party, Patriots of
Russia, the Republican Party of Russia - the Party of People's Freedom
and Yabloko are also represented in Vologda.
As a result of the
reforms, the city of Vologda has the position of "city manager" (mayor),
who monitors the situation in the city. Appointed as a result of the
competition, which includes deputies of the City Duma. On November 7,
2016, according to the results of the competition, Andrei Travnikov was
appointed mayor, who was transferred on October 6, 2017 to the post of
head of the Novosibirsk Region. Since October 2017, Sergey Voropanov has
been appointed mayor of Vologda.