Location: Yaroslavl Oblast
Population: 31,000
Hotels, motels and where to sleep
Restaurant, taverns and where to eat
Rostov the Great is one of the oldest cities in Central Russia.
Many confuse it with another, southern Rostov, although it is enough
to know that there is a Kremlin in Rostov Veliky, which
Rostov-on-Don does not and could not have. The Rostov Kremlin is a
rare example of light architectural kitsch and one of the most
characteristic views of the old, pre-Petrine Rus'. In addition to
the unusual Kremlin, the city has a number of monasteries and
temples of the 16th-18th centuries, as well as surprisingly
well-preserved ordinary buildings. Rostov stands on the shores of
the large lake Nero and fits well into its landscape. The city is
included in the route of the Golden Ring of Russia.
Located
on the shores of Lake Nero, Rostov is very picturesque, and even
after visiting its most important sights - and one day is not enough
for them - you will find something to do here, at least for another
day. Or you will definitely come back here. Rostov was lucky, and
during the years of Soviet power, its historical center retained
both the old layout and most of the historical buildings,
represented by stone public buildings in the center and wooden
residential buildings on the periphery. Of course, the historical
center was not without interspersed with the heritage of the Soviet
era, but the chamber dimensions of the houses of that era somewhat
smooth out the dissonance they introduce. The modern elite is also
writing its own chapter in the history of local construction,
creating grandiose cottages, the owners of which hide their mansions
behind high opaque fences either out of fear or shame in front of
less prosperous fellow citizens.
The center of the city is the Kremlin (bishop's court), which is
adjoined from the north by the former trading square. Almost everything
of interest is located within a few hundred meters from the Kremlin, and
the Kremlin itself, in turn, is located a few hundred meters from the
shore of the lake. In the areas east of the Kremlin, the concentration
of historical buildings is such that it makes sense to inspect all the
streets, since there are not many of them. Outside the center are the
Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery and the Church of the Savior on the Sands,
to which you go a couple of kilometers along the lake to the southeast,
as well as the Avraamievsky Monastery, which is about the same distance,
but to the northwest. There is no embankment in the strict sense of the
word, that is, an asphalt road running along the shore of the lake, in
Rostov, but it is possible and recommended to walk along the shore.
Finally, the Church of St. John the Theologian on Ishna and the Varnitsa
Monastery are located quite far from the center: you need to go to them
by public transport or by car, or count on a long walk that will take
several hours.
City Information and Tourist Center , st. Stone
bridge, 7. ☎ +7 (48536) 6-57-03. 9:00–17:00 except Sun.
Early history of Rostov traditionally begins with appearance of Sarskoye Gorodishche or Citadel of Sara. It is modern name reflecting that the village was established on the banks of Sara river that flows into Nero Lake. Today it is situated south of Medieval Rostov Kremlin. First inhabitants of these lands were Merya tribe. This group of indigenous inhabitants of Eastern part of European Russia belonged to Volga Finn groups of native population and eventually mixed with Slavs forming modern ethnicity known as Russians. Merya settlement was a diverse community. Archaeological digs in the area proved that Vikings used Sara as one of the most important site for trading route between Northern Europe (and Scandinavia) and Middle East.
Russian historic records indicate that in 862 AD when Rurik was invited to rule over Slavic tribes, Rostov was already an important town. In 1207 Rostov became the capital city of independent Russian state. Under leadership of Constantine Vsevolodovich (1214- 1231) Rostov became one of the most powerful principalities of medieval Rus. Unlike other Russian cities Rostov didn't provide any resistance of Mongol- Tatar forces during their invasion in 1230's, however its residents started a rebellion against Tatar yolk in 1262 as a protest against high taxes. Rebellion was quickly defeated and the city plundered by the Mongol armies. During Battle of Kulikovo with the Tatars armies from Rostov joined a coalition of Russian princes against a common enemy. This time they were victorious and wiped out much of the enemy army.
Rostov however remained a town on frontiers of the Russian principalities. It was again besieged and captured by enemy troops under leadership of Tatar ruler Edigu in 1408. Rostov was reconstructed and grew in size. Moscow Principality started to take Rostov lands in the late 14th century through marriage or simply by buying it. Eventually in 1474 the whole state became part of Muscovy Principality. During Time of Trouble after death of the last tsar from the Rurik dynasty, Rostov was captured by the armies of the Polish armies.
Rostov was an important site of religious site in a life of a Russian Orthodox Church. In the 14th century its spiritual leaders gained a status of archbishops and in 1589 they became known as Metropolitans. In the 18th century metropolitan title of Rostov Veliky or Rostov the Great was transferred to Yaroslavl. However Rostov still remained an important trading town in the region.
Monastery of Saint Boris and Gleb (Борисоглебский монастырь)
Holy Trinity Sergiev Barnickiy Monastery (Троице-Варницкий монастырь)
Abraham Monastery (Авраамиев Богоявленский монастырь)
Spasso- Yakovlevsky Monastery (Спасо-Яковлевский монастырь)
The main attraction of Rostov is the monasteries and temples of
the 16th-19th centuries. There are dozens of well-preserved
pre-revolutionary buildings in the city. The vast majority of them
are located inside the former city rampart, that is, directly in the
Kremlin, to the north and east of the Kremlin, as well as on
Leninskaya Street, leaving the Kremlin to the west.
Rostov
Kremlin
Rostov Kremlin (Ростовский Кремль)
(Metropolitan's Court, Bishop's Court). 10:00–17:00, on Fridays and
Saturdays, the Kremlin courtyard and the museum drawing room are
open until 20:00; Kremlin walls and temple frescoes are only
available from May to September. Entrance to the territory: 70
rubles, individual expositions: 60-200 rubles, single ticket:
650-700 rubles. The most notable object of Rostov is the
Metropolitan Court, better known as the Rostov Kremlin. It is not a
Kremlin (in the sense of a fortress), and from the very beginning it
was built as the residence of the Rostov metropolitan. Although the
Kremlin is surrounded by an outer wall, it was immediately clear
that no one would ever attack it, so the walls with towers have a
purely decorative function - for example, there are simply no
loopholes in them. The Kremlin is divided into three parts: the
ancient Cathedral Square adjoins the Bishops' Court, fenced with
high walls, from the north, and the Metropolitan Garden with the
Church of Gregory the Theologian from the south. Most of the
buildings that have come down to us were built in 1670-1683. under
Metropolitan Ion Sysoevich, therefore, a real architectural ensemble
with towers, churches and various auxiliary premises turned out. In
1787, the metropolitan's chair was transferred to Yaroslavl, and the
Rostov Kremlin was not used at all for a long time, or was used for
who knows how. Only at the end of the 19th century, attention was
paid to it, restored, and in 1883 a museum was opened, which to this
day occupies most of the premises.
From May to September, you can
see three well-preserved fresco ensembles in the Kremlin - in the
Church of the Resurrection, the Church of St. John the Evangelist
and the Church of the Savior on Senya. Made in blue tones and
occupying all available areas of the walls and ceiling inside the
church, they make a strong impression. The Kremlin is an absolute
must-see: you might miss something else in Rostov, but if you
haven't seen the Kremlin, then consider yourself wasting your time.
For a family visit, the Metropolitan Garden, the observation deck on
the Water Tower and the passages along the walls of the Kremlin are
recommended. Thus, you can not buy a single ticket, but only see the
most interesting. Museum expositions will attract mainly lovers of
icon painting and archeology. The view from the observation deck on
the Water Tower is much better than from the Cathedral belfry of the
Assumption Cathedral. On the territory there are a couple of small
cramped cafes and a good restaurant of Russian cuisine "Collection",
a visit to which can be a good excuse to enter the territory for
free, as well as in the evening when the Kremlin is closed to
visitors.
Assumption Cathedral (Northern section of the
Kremlin). The cathedral is the oldest surviving building in Rostov.
It was built in 1508-1512, and during the construction, the ruins of
an older cathedral, apparently from 1161, were used, and the
restoration later discovered frescoes as far back as the 12th
century. There was no Kremlin then, and in this case, Iona Sysoevich
specially chose a place for the bishop's court next to the
Assumption Cathedral, which at that time was the cathedral of the
Rostov and Yaroslavl diocese. The cathedral is brick (the plinth and
some details are made of white stone), five-domed and, as it should
be for a building of the 15th century (for example, the cathedrals
of the Moscow Kremlin are an example of this style), it has a
laconic exterior decor. Bulb domes - and the nobility of their form,
perhaps, surpasses all the onions of the country - appeared under
Metropolitan Jonah, replacing the former helmet-shaped ones. Inside
are the iconostasis of the 18th century and the burials of famous
princes and bishops - among them the legendary Prince Vasilko,
nephew of Sergius of Radonezh, and Iona Sysoevich himself. The
cathedral is active, taken out of the museum-reserve and available
free of charge throughout the day, but it is better to admire the
temple from the outside: inside it is undergoing a sluggish
restoration, creating tightness and unkemptness, and the safety of
the interior leaves much to be desired.
In the belfry, attached
to the cathedral in 1682-1687, there is the Church of the Entrance
to Jerusalem and an observation deck (100 rubles must be paid to the
gatekeeper for the entrance). 15 bells of the belfry and ancient
melodies of holiday bells are a matter of special pride for museum
workers of the Rostov Kremlin.
Hodegetria Church (near the
northern wall of the middle section of the Kremlin). This is the
youngest (built in 1692-1693, already under Metropolitan Joasaph,
who replaced Ion Sysoevich) and, probably, the most spectacular
church of the Bishop's Court, it is distinguished by its unusual
coloring - yellow rhombuses on a white background create a sense of
relief. Single-domed, two-storey, rectangular in plan, the church is
adjacent to the previously built wall of the Bishop's Court and
differs from the rest of the temples by an open balcony running
along the perimeter of the upper floor. The church itself occupies
the second floor, and its interior is notable for its stucco
cartouches framing nearly dead murals. Currently used as a museum.
Resurrection Church (near the northern wall of the middle section of
the Kremlin). This, on the contrary, is the first church built under
Ion Sysoevich in 1670. The Church of the Resurrection is over the
gate, it stands above the Northern Gate of the Bishop's Court. In
addition to the five-domed church itself, there are gates with three
bays, two towers on both sides of the gate, and a gallery. There is
a small belfry on the wall near the church. Inside, the entire
church is painted with frescoes, made simultaneously with the
construction of the church by unknown masters, presumably by the
team of Gury Nikitin.
Church of John the Evangelist (near the
western wall of the central segment of the Kremlin). Above the
western gate stands the Church of St. John the Evangelist, the
construction of which was completed in 1683. It is considered the
most perfect creation of the Ionian masters and is a rather complex
structure: the gate from below leads to the Kremlin not directly,
but at an angle, a gallery leads to the second floor. Outside, the
church is decorated with decorations, inside it is completely
painted with frescoes.
Red Chamber (State mansions) (middle
section of the Kremlin, in the southwestern corner). The largest
civil building (chamber) of the Kremlin was built in the 1670s and
adjoins the Church of St. John the Evangelist. Initially, it was
built as a guest courtyard, but after the transfer of the episcopal
chair to Yaroslavl, it was not used for its intended purpose. In the
19th century there was a warehouse here. The building has a rather
non-trivial architecture and stands at a corner. Its most
recognizable element is the carved porch leading to the second
floor.
Judgment order (near the Church of the Resurrection). The
former administrative building (1650-1660) is one of the oldest in
the complex. However, it cannot be attributed to the most
interesting outwardly; Outside decor, although there is, but rather
minimalistic.
House on the cellars, near the eastern wall of the
middle section of the Kremlin. Residential building of the 17th
century. The lower floor is brick, the upper is wooden. The inside
is now a hotel.
Samuilov Corps (center of the middle section
of the Kremlin). This building is significantly younger than most of
its neighbors. You may have to visit it, as there is a museum of
enamel on the second floor. In addition, on the third floor there is
an art gallery with a small and relatively standard collection of
Russian paintings: however, this is an unusual luxury for a regional
center.
Church of the Savior on Senyah (south of the Samuil
Corps). Former home church of the Rostov metropolitans. It was built
in 1675 and stands on a high basement, that is, the entrance to it
is at the level of the second floor of neighboring buildings. At the
entrance level there is the so-called ambush - a platform connecting
the church with the Samuil building and the adjacent White Chamber,
a small building from about the same time and rather complex
architecture with external decoration. The Church of the Savior
itself is primarily remarkable for its frescoes, created
simultaneously with the construction of the church by Dmitry
Grigoriev, Fedor and Ivan Karpov from Yaroslavl. All accessible
surfaces inside the building are painted, the fresco of the Last
Judgment on a separate wall makes a particularly strong impression.
Church of Gregory the Theologian (in the southern section of the
Kremlin). The church was built in 1680 and belonged to the
Grigorievsky monastery that stood here. It is of the usual Moscow
architecture, five-domed, but almost without decor, typical for
other buildings of the Kremlin.
Water tower. Apr-Oct 150
rubles; + museum cinema + transition along the eastern wall: 250
rubles. If you love panoramic photography, this is the place for
you. The observation deck on the tower can be reached by walking
along a narrow and steep interior staircase, and then overcoming a
slightly less steep wooden staircase. The main reward will be an
excellent view of the Church of the Savior on Senyakh against the
backdrop of the lake, but the panorama of Rostov is also worthy of
the attention of lovers of views from a height.
Kremlin
walls. 120 rub. A walk along the transitions of the walls of the
Kremlin starts from the Church of the Resurrection, and the route
itself runs along the perimeter of the walls to the White Chamber,
from where, leaving on the gulbish, you will find yourself in the
Church of the Savior on Senya. Her visit, as well as the inspection
of the murals of the Church of the Resurrection and the Church of
John the Evangelist, are included in the price of the walk. Well,
amateur photographers are additionally offered less hackneyed angles
of the Rostov Kremlin.
Earth ramparts. From the side opposite the lake, the Kremlin is
surrounded by a rampart running from west to east almost continuously.
Inside the rampart ring there is also a trading area and several
quarters of regular buildings. The ramparts were here even before Iona
Sysoevich, they were originally built in 1632-34. for the old fortress,
and designed by the Dutchman Jan Cornelis van Rodenburg, specially
ordered to Russia. This is clearly visible: in terms of plan, the shaft
has the shape of a nine-pointed star and resembles the fortification of
European cities, especially Dutch ones - for example, Zwolle. You can
even distinguish the bastions, although no structures on the rampart
have been preserved. Why the rampart was built is not very clear: in the
1630s, there was absolutely no one to defend Rostov from. Apparently, it
was an experiment to see if such fortresses could be built in Russia. We
do not know the result of the experiment, but, in any case, they did not
return to it before Peter. The completely unnecessary fortress became,
however, decisive in the formation of a plan for regular development of
the 18th century: a horseshoe-shaped market square overlooking the lake
was organized, from which 11 radial streets fanned out. Now the ramparts
are the core of a large park area located between the city center and
Okruzhnaya Street.
Church of the Ascension of the Lord (Isidore
the Blessed on the ramparts), st. Karl Marx, 25a (northeast of the
Kremlin). According to legend, in the 15th century, the German holy fool
Isidor Tverdoslov came to Rostov on foot and, having converted to
Orthodoxy, settled in a hut in a swamp. He became famous for his
asceticism and numerous miracles, and therefore a wooden church was
erected over his grave near the former hut in 1474. In 1566, by order of
Ivan the Terrible, the old church was replaced with a stone one. It was
built by Andrei Maloy, who, according to legend, was executed by the
tsar after the completion of work because the stone church turned out to
be smaller than the wooden one. According to the device, the one-domed,
pillarless church with cross-vaults repeats the contemporary Moscow
township churches. In the 19th century, a vestibule, a chapel and a
tiered bell tower were added to it. The murals were made around the
1720s, at the same time the original carved iconostasis was dismantled,
and a new one was made in its place with wall painting. In the 1930s,
the church was closed and services resumed only at the beginning of the
21st century. Inside, the ancient royal gates have been preserved, and
the relics of Isidore the Blessed are still kept in the silver tomb. The
ramparts mentioned in the name of the church surround it from almost all
sides and are either the remains of an unfinished earthen fortress of
the late 16th century, or a curtain wall of the 17th century fortress,
made specifically to protect the church. Nov 2020 edit
Shopping
arcade, st. 50 years of October (near the outer side of the northern
wall of the Kremlin). In any self-respecting county town of European
Russia, shopping arcades should have stood on the main square, and
Rostov is no exception. Its main square adjoins the Kremlin, and many
shopping arcades have been preserved. They make up three complexes. The
oldest ones stand directly at the northern wall, parallel to them, but a
little further, occupying a whole block. The side opposite the Kremlin
wall is called the Yemelyanovsky Rows, after the names of the owners,
the Yemelyanovs (1780-1798, architect Levenhagen), the rest of the
buildings belonged to other merchants. Finally, to the east is Gostiny
Dvor (1841, architect Melnikov). All rows are in good condition and used
for their intended purpose.
Church of the Savior at the Market
(Church of the Savior of the Holy Image at the Market (Ruznaya Church)),
Sovetsky Lane, 6. The church was built in 1685-1690 and, apparently, did
not have its own parish, but was used by merchants who traded nearby. At
the same time, the Kremlin was being built, in the ensemble of which the
church fits well. This is a five-domed temple on a high basement,
similar to the Church of Gregory the Theologian in the Kremlin. The
walls are decorated with decor. There is no iconostasis inside, and the
icons of the 18th century are written directly on the wall - however,
salaries were made for them later, so it is almost imperceptible. The
bell tower was added in the 19th century.
Church of Boris and
Gleb, 3rd passage of Tolstovskaya embankment (south of the Kremlin).
Built in 1761, the baroque church lost its bell tower and dome during
the Soviet period. It is interesting not so much in itself, but because
it stands on the rampart of the 17th century and on the foundation of
the pre-Mongolian temple. Presumably it was the home church of the
Rostov princes. However, it is not yet possible to see the foundation.
In a brighter future, it may be reopened and opened to the public.
Church of St. Nicholas on Podozerye, st. Sakko, 20 (east of the
Kremlin). The parish church was built in 1745 and has a rather simple
composition: the main temple is square in plan (chetverik) with one
cupola, a low refectory connects it with a two-tiered bell tower. The
dome and spire of the bell tower were destroyed in Soviet times and
restored only recently.
Nativity Monastery Wikidata item,
Sovetskaya Sq. 14 (slightly east of the Kremlin). The monastery was
founded at the end of the XIV century by Fyodor of Rostov, now it
functions as a female monastery. The first stone church of the monastery
was the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin, built under Ion
Sysoevich at the end of the 17th century. Construction, however,
continued for quite a long time and ended only in 1702, and the
cathedral was painted in 1715. The paintings have been preserved. The
cathedral turned out to be one-domed and two-story, plus another dome
stands above the large refectory. The Church of the Tikhvin Icon of the
Mother of God (1842-1846) was heavily rebuilt in the 19th century and
lost its domes. The monastery also preserved buildings and even a
section of the wall with several towers. These buildings have come down
to us from the 18th-19th centuries.
Belfry of the Vozdvizhenskaya
Church, Sovetskaya Sq. 19a (east of the Kremlin). The four-tiered bell
tower, built in the middle of the 19th century, belonged to the
Exaltation Church, which was demolished under Soviet rule. The bell
tower was saved by the fact that it was converted into a tower of the
fire department, and in this capacity it has survived to this day.
Mytny yard (1836), st. Karl Marx, 30. In search of a fire tower, you
will not pass by a huge square-shaped building framed by a covered
arcade. This is the former Mytny Dvor, built in the era of urban
redevelopment by the architect A.I. Melnikov. The building stands on one
of the former fairgrounds and is now used by the central city market,
which operates on even days of the week.
Gymnasium named after
Kekin, st. Moravskogo, 6. Built by the architect P.A. Trubnikov in 1910
with funds bequeathed to the city by the St. Petersburg merchant Alexei
Leontyevich Kekin (1838-1897). A native of Rostov, Kekin lost his
son-heir and decided to invest in the construction of a male gymnasium
in his native city. The main building of the gymnasium is designed in
the neoclassical style, and the neighboring building connected with it,
originally intended for the residence of teachers, is made in the Art
Nouveau style. The gymnasium is still in use today.
Tolga Church
(Church of John the Merciful), st. Decembrists, 11 (behind the rampart,
northwest of the Kremlin). Former parish church built in 1761. The main
volume is cubic with one cupola, next to the bell tower. This is the
only church in Rostov that was not closed during the Soviet era, so it
has kept the interiors. The iconostasis was created simultaneously with
the construction of the church. Inside, the relics of the famous Rostov
Saint John the Merciful, who died in 1582 and was initially buried near
the wooden predecessor of the current church, the Church of St. Blaise
on the Moat, are kept.
Church of St. Nicholas on Vspolya, st.
Gogol, 13-a (in the suburb, outside the rampart). There was once the
Sretensky Monastery, of which nothing remains, and the church was built
in 1803-1813 on the site of burnt wooden churches, which, in turn, stood
on the site of the monastery. This is a fairly standard church in the
style of classicism, with a large dome (an octagon on a quadrangle) and
an attached three-tiered bell tower with a spire. The church is active.
If you manage to get inside, note that some of the icons are much older
than the church itself. The iconostasis is said to include, among
others, icons from the 15th and 16th centuries.
District street.
The magnificent stone house at No. 18 (the house of P.V. Vanchagov) was
built at the beginning of the 20th century by the Moscow architect P.A.
Trubnikov for the manager of the Rolma factory P.V. Vanchagov. The
building is considered the best example of Art Nouveau in Rostov, which
can be easily seen by comparing it with other representatives of this
genre, located on the same street at numbers 5, 21 and 51, the last two
are also made of wood. Okruzhnaya street is built up only from the
outside, and the houses on it, contrary to the usual rules, are numbered
in a row.
Leninskaya street. The former Moscow and Pokrovskaya streets run from
the center in a western direction parallel to the embankment and are
interesting for the buildings of the 18th-19th centuries in their middle
part. The merchant estates of the Galashins (house No. 28), the Kekins
(No. 32) - now the museum of the Rostov merchants, the Pleshanovs (No.
36) - now it is a hotel, Polezhaevs (No. 37) and Titovs (No. 56),
Zemstvo hospital (No. 40) have been preserved here . On the street, you
will certainly meet cute wooden houses, decorated with carvings with
geometric and floral ornaments.
Church of the Intercession, st.
Leninskaya, 31. Quite simple in architecture and lost during the years
of Soviet power, the bell tower and side cupolas, a two-story church
built in 1795.
Spaso-Yakovlevsky Dimitriev Monastery, st. Engels,
44 (on the shore of the lake to the west of the Kremlin). ☎ +7 (48536)
7-43-69. The only fortified monastery that has survived in Rostov is
located on the shores of Lake Nero, a couple of kilometers from the
Kremlin, and the easiest way to get to it is along the embankment. It
was founded in 1389 by the Rostov Bishop Jacob, who, being expelled from
the episcopal chair, settled here. Later he was canonized as a saint,
and the veneration began almost after his death, and Jacob of Rostov was
canonized in the 16th century. The monastery was closed in 1923 and
reopened in 1991. Saints Abraham and Dmitry of Rostov are buried here.
The oldest and most interesting building of the monastery is the
Zachatievsky Cathedral built in 1686. This is a huge five-domed temple,
decorated on the outside with patterns, and inside it was completely
painted during construction by unknown Yaroslavl masters in the same
blue tones as in the Rostov Kremlin. In addition to it, there are two
more churches: the unusually shaped Dmitrievsky Cathedral (1795-1801)
and the Yakovlevskaya Church, both in the style of classicism, a
three-tiered bell tower of the 18th century, as well as buildings and a
fence with pseudo-Gothic gates and towers. Women without a scarf will
not be allowed into the monastery, but a scarf can be taken from the
gatekeeper. Otherwise, the monastery pleases with a friendly attitude
towards visitors and a willingness to show them not only Christian
shrines, but also provide quite secular entertainment in the form of a
walk along the fortress walls and an observation deck built on the
southwestern tower. This is accompanied by magnificent views of the
monastery buildings and panoramas of Lake Nero.
Church of the
Savior on the Sands (Church of the Transfiguration), st. Engels, 44
(near the Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery). The only building that has
survived from the women's Spaso-Pesotsky Knyaginin Monastery that once
stood here. The monastery was founded in the XIII century, and in 1764
it was abolished. The buildings were handed over to the neighboring
Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery and gradually dismantled. The church was
built in 1603, rebuilt in the 17th century (two lower tiers survived
from the original building) and, in general, makes a strong impression.
This is a five-domed temple on a high basement, decorated on the outside
with rich decor. The church is closed, you can’t get close to it, but it
can be clearly seen from the observation deck of the Spaso-Yakovlevsky
Monastery.
Proletarian street. This street is symmetrical to Leninskaya, but
runs parallel to the coast to the east to the old Yaroslavl road. At the
very end is the Rolma textile factory built at the end of the 19th
century (house 86), behind which is the Avraamievsky Monastery. Several
noteworthy merchant mansions have been preserved on the street (houses
No. 14, 22, 21-23 and 46).
Church of Cosmas and Damian, Perovsky per.
8 (on the shore of the lake, halfway to the Avraamievsky Monastery). The
brick church, quite simple in architecture, was built in 1775 on the
site where the monastery of the same name was located in ancient times.
Adjacent to it is a three-tier hipped bell tower, connected to the
church by a one-story refectory, and this is the only hipped bell tower
in the city. The decor is available, including brick architraves on the
windows, but, of course, it is much poorer than the Kremlin churches.
The church is worth seeing on the way to the Avraamievsky Monastery if
you go to it along the lake shore.
Rostov Linen Manufactory
("Rolma"), st. Proletarskaya, 86. Founded in 1878 by the St. Petersburg
merchant A.L. Kekin, who decided to create new jobs for the local
population. Its strange second name is an abbreviation for the full name
of the enterprise. At the end of the 19th century, a red-brick building
was built for the factory, and at the beginning of the 20th century, an
administrative building in the Art Nouveau style. In 1917, the
manufactory was nationalized, it successfully worked until the 1970s,
after which production volumes began to decline. At the beginning of the
21st century, the enterprise went bankrupt, and now the buildings arrive
in a derelict state, although plans periodically arise in the city to
use the available space.
Abraham Monastery, st. Zhelyabovskaya,
32 (on the shore of the lake, east of the Kremlin). The monastery was
first mentioned in 1261. It is believed that it was founded by Abraham
of Rostov at the end of the 11th or the beginning of the 12th century.
In 1929 it was closed, in 1993 it was reopened, in 2004 it was
transformed into a women's one. Most of the monastery buildings,
including the fence with towers, have not survived to this day, but
three churches, for which it is worth visiting the monastery, still
stand. In the center is the Cathedral of the Epiphany (the first stone
building of the monastery), built in 1553-1555 in memory of the capture
of Kazan by the troops of Ivan the Terrible: this is a huge five-domed
church, a gallery with a bell tower is attached to it from the south.
This type of church is typical for Yaroslavl, and the cathedral,
apparently, was built by Yaroslavl craftsmen. The Vvedenskaya Church was
built in 1650, already under Ion Sysoevich, but earlier than all his
construction in the Kremlin. This is a one-domed temple of rather simple
architecture. The Gateway Church of St. Nicholas dates back to 1691, but
in the 19th century it was heavily rebuilt, losing its appearance. It is
interesting mainly because the only two surviving towers of the old
monastery fence are attached to it. Two service buildings were built in
the 19th century.
Petrovsky Monastery, st. Leningradskaya, 13 (east
of the Abraham Monastery). Several separate buildings have been
preserved, and they are in a deplorable state. Currently being restored.
Two important Rostov sights are located on the other side of the
railway, in fact outside the city and at the same time quite far from
each other:
Church of St. John the Evangelist on Ishna. ☎ +7
(980) 653-03-81. May to September: Wed–Sun 10:00–17:00. The only old
wooden church in the Yaroslavl region was built in 1687 in the suburbs
of Rostov, in the small village of Bogoslov. Its dedication is connected
with the local legend of the 11th century about the appearance of John
the Theologian to Avramius of Rostov. Saint Abraham received from the
apostle a miraculous rod, with which he crushed the terrible stone idol
of Veles. The unusually harmonious location was the reason for another
local legend, which says that the church itself sailed here from Lake
Nero along the Ishna River and stood in its current place. It is also
well preserved, having lost only the southern part of the unusual
gallery on the consoles; the bell tower and boarding belong to the 19th
century. If the church is open, it is worth visiting its interior. True,
the original Royal Doors of 1652 by the master Isaiah were taken by the
Rostov Museum, but the church has a copy of them, made in 1884 by V.L.
Nikolsky.
How to get there: from the Rostov bypass turn to Shurskol
and Zhoglovo, then after the railway crossing to the right to Bogoslov,
from the center of Rostov 5-6 km. On foot, you can cut a little by
walking along the path along the Ishni, but keep in mind that the area
is very swampy, and it is impossible to get out of the church to the
Borisoglebsky tract, although it is not far from the map.
Varnitsky
Monastery (Trinity-Varnitsky Monastery) (Savinskoye Highway, about 2 km
from the railway station and about 3 km from the city center). The
monastery was founded in 1427 in Varnitskaya Sloboda near Rostov by
Archbishop Ephraim. Sergius of Radonezh was once born in Varnitsy, and
the monastery was founded just after his death, presumably at the place
where Sergius was born. Sloboda, in turn, is named after the salt pans
that were here until the 17th century. Unlike other Rostov monasteries,
nothing remained from the time of Iona Sysoevich, and the oldest
building of the monastery - the Trinity Cathedral - was built in
1763-1771 in the Baroque style. In Soviet times, it was practically
demolished and restored in 2000 from the ruins, as they say, as close as
possible to its original forms. The Winter Vvedenskaya Church in the
style of classicism appeared in 1826-1828, and this is the only
surviving pre-revolutionary building of the monastery. In 1919, the
monastery was closed and lay in ruins until the 1990s, after which it
was restored and now functions as a courtyard of the Trinity-Sergius
Lavra.
The main Rostov museum is the Kremlin, which shows historical
expositions, a collection of secular paintings and icons, as well as an
exhibition of enamel. In addition, there is a separate museum-shop of
enamel at the factory, where you can try to book an excursion, including
directly to the production.
1 Museum of Rostov merchants, st.
Leninskaya, 32. Wed–Sun 10:00–17:00. 60 rub. Branch of the Rostov
Kremlin Museum. Life of Rostov merchants and exhibition of porcelain.
The most interesting photographs of the pre-revolutionary city.
2 Stable yard, st. Stone bridge, 1. Restored, or rather, rebuilt
building of the end of the 17th century, which is planned to be used for
temporary exhibitions from the collections of the Rostov Kremlin.
3 Museum of the Frog Princess, Leninskaya st. 20. 10:00–18:00. 150
rub. Not a single city of the Golden Ring can do without modern
entertainment museums, and Rostov is no exception. The Museum of the
Frog Princess at the hotel of the same name is designed for children who
are introduced to the heroes of fairy tales and are entertained by
theatrical performances. The museums "Lukova Sloboda" and "Pike Yard"
with the corresponding restaurant are suitable for an older audience.
✦ Museum "Rostov Compound", st. 50 years of October, 7 (at the hotel).
☎ +7 (915) 966-17-26. 10:00–18:00 except Mon. 150 rub. Another museum,
created at the hotel, reconstructs the atmosphere of a peasant hut, an
old tavern, a Rostov fair, and even a traditional Meryan dwelling from
the times preceding the founding of the city.
4 Russian Vertograd,
st. Podozerka, 31. ✉ ☎ +7 (920) 139-37-83. 12:00–20:00. 100 rub. Under
one roof, there is a museum of domestic life and an art gallery. The
museum, which the creators themselves call the museum of old junk,
presents chests, irons, samovars and, in general, everything that
flourishes so much along the Golden Ring for the amusement of the mass
tourist. The gallery also exhibits the works of the artist Mikhail
Selishchev, who uses enamel, glass, wood, steel, ropes and, it seems,
everything that comes to hand in his works. The artist himself, who is
also the creator of the entire complex, is a personality far from being
a provincial scale and maintains, no less, an English-language blog. Not
the fact that you will like it here, but it is curious to at least look.
Rostov is located between Moscow and Yaroslavl an hour from the
latter, so if you are heading by train from somewhere in the Urals or
Siberia, then you will most likely go through Yaroslavl, and if you fly
by plane, then most likely through Moscow. Yaroslavl also has an
airport, but flights there are not every day, if at all.
By train
The city stands on the main line Moscow-Yaroslavl, where trains run very
often, but not all of them stop in Rostov. From Moscow, it is most
convenient to travel by express trains running 4-5 times a day to
Kostroma and Yaroslavl, reaching Rostov in 2.5 hours. Ordinary
long-distance trains cover the same distance in 3-3.5 hours. In any
case, there is no problem leaving for Rostov in the morning and come
back the same day in the evening.
From Yaroslavl, fast trains
take 40-50 minutes, and besides them, electric trains run 4 times a day,
but they are much slower and drag on to Rostov for almost an hour and a
half. Some of these electric trains then follow to Aleksandrov (2
hours).
Railway station (station Rostov Yaroslavsky) , st.
Dostoevsky, 1. ☎ +7 (48356) 3-23-86. Rostov greets travelers with a
refurbished and very technologically advanced Soviet-era station
building, the appearance of which in no way reminds you that you have
arrived in one of the oldest cities in Central Russia. However, the
station is decorated with a high spire with a boat - a symbol of the
city. Buildings in the area of the station do not inspire optimism
either. To the center 1.5 km along Lunacharskogo street; you can go by
minibus number 3 or number 7, but the latter makes a big detour through
the southwestern outskirts of the city.
By bus
All buses from
Moscow to Yaroslavl stop in Rostov. From Moscow 4 hours, from Yaroslavl
about an hour. From Yaroslavl, you can also take buses to Borisoglebsky
passing through Rostov. You can go to Uglich once a day on a passing
Yaroslavl bus, very rarely there are buses to Gavrilov-Yam through the
village of Velikoye. There are no buses in the direction of the Ivanovo
region. Current schedule.
Bus station (in the building of the
railway station). ☎ +7 (48536) 3-54-76. Please note that the bus station
is not the final destination for suburban buses, and some of them do not
approach it at all.
By car
From Moscow (200 km) along the M8
Kholmogory highway through Pereslavl-Zalessky (65 km). From Yaroslavl
(60 km) along the same Kholmogory highway. Local roads lead west to
Uglich (90 km) and east to Ivanovo (130 km). Please note that two
roughly equivalent roads lead to Ivanovo, through Teikovo and through
Gavrilov-Yam, both depart from the M8 north of Rostov. It is possible to
go around Lake Nero from the south, through Porechie-Rybnoye, only by
off-road vehicle, although the road to Porechie itself is decent.
The route passes directly through the city past the railway station,
where you need to turn into the center. If you follow the signs and turn
off the road already at the entrance to Rostov, then you run the risk of
making your way along city streets with badly broken asphalt. You can
leave your car in the parking lot in front of the entrance to the
Kremlin.
It is quite possible to get around Rostov on foot, although the
full route to all the sights will turn out to be very tiring. City
buses run along several routes, but most often - along Dekabristov
Street, Okruzhnaya and then Proletarskaya, skirting the center: this
is exactly what the bus driver does with an interval of 10-15
minutes. bus number 1, the most frequent in Rostov. Some routes are
looped, and then they also pass by the station, but there are fewer
of them. Information on the city website. Ticket: 20 rubles. (2020).
Walks on Lake Nero are among the main tourist attractions. The
lake offers a postcard view of the Rostov Kremlin, and the
Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery can be seen quite well. Private boats
and boats waiting for tourists on the shore will help you capture
these beauties. If there are no boats or you don’t want to ride
them, you can go to the village of Ugodichi on the other side of the
lake and look at the city from there. In winter, the lake freezes
over and you can walk on it.
Traditional Rostov souvenirs are black-polished ceramics and enamel.
A whole factory is engaged in the production of enamel (images with
enamel on metal) in Rostov. She makes paintings of various sizes, from
tiny "plates" to full-size canvases or icons, as well as jewelry, but
their cost is highly dependent on the quality of the metal. There are a
lot of high-quality silver items, and they are, of course, expensive.
The best choice of enamel is in the shop at the factory, although the
prices there are no lower than at the souvenir stalls in front of the
Kremlin (they say, however, that the quality is higher).
Black-polished ceramics are products made from fired clay, which
acquires a brilliant black color due to special pre-treatment and
annealing conditions. This craft flourished in Rostov in the 19th
century and was revived in the late 1990s. Now there are hundreds of
similar products in Rostov: dishes, figurines and, which is especially
touching, whistles.
Factory "Rostov Finift", Borisoglebskoye
shosse, 3. ☎ +7 (48536) 7-49-21. Mon–Sat 10:00–18:00, Sun 10:00–17:00. A
company store with a small museum, but they are only allowed in with a
guided tour (by reservation). It is said that individual groups managed
to see the production itself.
House of Crafts, 2nd pr. Tolstovskaya
embankment, 16. 10:00–18:00, black-glazed ceramics: 9:00–17:00. All
kinds of handicrafts, but especially ceramics and dolls.
Various
interesting things can also be purchased at the Khors Gallery (aka the
Russian Vertograd Museum) by Mikhail Selishchev.
Rostov hotels are intended mainly for tourists and like to change
prices depending on the day of the week. Below are prices on
weekdays, when even mid-range hotels are quite cheap by Russian
standards, and there are simply no expensive ones in the city. On
weekends everything is 20-30% more expensive. On holidays, prices
change in an unpredictable way, but always upwards, and most hotels
become expensive: a double room with amenities will cost at least
3,000 rubles.
Cheap
✦ Guest house of the Khors gallery,
st. Podozerka, 31. ☎ +7 (48536) 6-24-83, +7 (960) 539-80-10. Double
room: 900 rub. (without amenities), 1500 rubles. (with amenities).
Guest rooms at the museum "Russian Vertograd". In summer, you can
choose between rooms with and without amenities, in winter - only
with amenities. There is a shared kitchen and the opportunity to get
acquainted with the work of a local artist-enthusiast indefinitely.
Conflicting reviews. According to some guests, it is cool here and
unreasonably expensive.
✦ Hotel "House on cellars", on the
territory of the Kremlin (if the gates are closed, contact the
guard). ☎ +7 (48536) 6-12-44. Double rooms without amenities:
1000-1500 rubles, suites with amenities: 2500-3000 rubles. It is a
rare case when an economy class hotel is located on the historical
territory: unpretentious (most rooms without amenities), but clean
and comfortable. Many rooms are sheathed with boards, although there
are rooms that are more reminiscent of an ordinary Soviet-era hotel
(they are in the so-called "stone" part). For guests, free entrance
to the Kremlin at any time of the day; you can walk around the
territory when there is no one there. Very good reviews, Wi-Fi.
1 Hotel "House with a mezzanine", st. Leninskaya, 5 (center). ☎ +7
(915) 960-21-18. Double room: about 1000 rubles. An old mansion
turned into a small private hotel. Rooms for 2-3 people, amenities
on the floor, there is a kitchen. Mostly good reviews.
2 Guest
compound "Nero", st. Leninskaya, 30. ☎ +7 (48536) 7-66-64. Double
room: 1000 rub. (without amenities), 1600 rubles. (with amenities).
Large wooden house on the main street: rooms for 2-3 people, mostly
without amenities, but well renovated. There is hot water, Wi-Fi.
Generally good reviews, although guests complain about noise and
problems with heating.
Average cost
3 Boyarsky Dvor
Hotel V Kontakte Russian V.png , st. Stone bridge, 4 (next to the
Kremlin). ☎ +7 (48538) 6-48-00. Double room: 1600-2400 rubles. The
hotel is located directly opposite the Kremlin in an old building of
the end of the 18th century - Figurin's house. All rooms are double,
with amenities: relatively small, furniture and appliances are not
new. The corridors of the hotel are labyrinths, but you quickly get
used to it. If you take the cheapest rooms in the attic, you should
be prepared for the fact that in half the room you will not be able
to stand up to your full height. The staff is good.
4 "Lion"
hotel, st. 50 years of October, 9/6 (center). ☎ +7 (48536) 6-49-49.
Double room: from 1700 rubles. A revived pre-revolutionary hotel
with modest double rooms, all with amenities. WiFi.
5 Hotel-estate "Podozerka", st. Podozerka, 33 (center). ☎ +7 (985)
643-30-84. Double room: 2000 rub. Guest house with 6 rooms, all with
amenities. When entering and leaving, be prepared for a very
corrosive attitude of the owner. According to reviews, he forces
guests to draw up accommodation contracts, wash dishes, and so on.
6 Hotel "Russian Compound", st. Marshal Alekseev, 9 (in the
center). ☎ +7 (48536) 6-42-55, +7 (905) 631-28-88. Double room: from
2200 rubles. An extensive number of rooms, in which ordinary rooms
are adjacent to individually designed suites: Gzhel, Khokhloma,
Zhostovo. Mostly good reviews.
7 Selivanov Hotel, st. District,
5. ☎ +7 (48536) 6-57-55. Double room: 2000 rub. The gaudy interior
of the merchant's mansion does not penetrate, fortunately, into the
rooms, which are decorated in a laconic and modern spirit. Mostly
good reviews. WiFi.
8 Hotel "Pleshanov's Estate", st.
Leninskaya, 34. ☎ +7 (48536) 7-64-40, +7 (48536) 7-64-41. Double
room: from 2500 rubles. Another hotel in an old pre-revolutionary
house. Contradictory reviews point to problems with heating. Wi-Fi
either does not exist at all, or does not work.
9 Hotel Azimut
(former Moskovsky Trakt), st. District, 29A. ☎ +7 (48536) 7-90-98.
From 1950 rub. for a double standard with a modest breakfast. The
largest hotel in Rostov, unlike others, is located not in an old
pre-revolutionary mansion, but in a relatively new three-story
building built in 2006. It has a large area with parking, located
800 meters from the Kremlin. The rooms are quite spacious, but
sometimes there are problems with not the newest furniture and
appliances. There are few staff in the hotel, one person can often
perform several functions, but everyone is polite. If you do not
build high expectations based on the expensive appearance of the
hotel, then you can have a normal rest.
Expensive
10 Merchant's house, st. Nekrasova, 18. ☎ +7 (960) 540-54-14. 4000
rub. The most unusual accommodation option: the first floor of an
old house is rented out as a whole, with two large rooms - a bedroom
and a living room. Both are decorated in a retro style, with vaulted
shelves and a fireplace, but not without modern details like the
kitchen located behind the breakfast bar. WiFi.
Nearly all establishments are centered around the Kremlin and are
chronically overcrowded or cater to tour groups at peak times, and
they don't handle crowds well enough to make simple meals easily
take up to an hour to prepare. The most reliable dining option is
canteens and cafeterias, where locals usually go.
Cheap
1 Children's cafe, st. 50 years of October, 6/4. 10:00–20:00. A
self-service cafe with quite decent food and a children's playroom
atypical for establishments of this level. Not suitable for dinner
as it closes quite early and the hot food runs out even earlier.
2 Cafe "Nero", st. Stone bridge, 6a. 10:00–22:00. Hot dishes:
about 150 rubles. It looks like a dining room, but in fact it is
something in between a dining room and a cafe. Food must be ordered
at the counter, it will be warmed up and brought. Visitors note that
prices for canteen food are somewhat overpriced.
3 Cafe
"Pelmen", st. Karl Marx, 24. Mon–Fri 9:00–15:00, Sat 8:00–14:00.
Portion of dumplings: less than 100 rubles. An utterly authentic
establishment, the menu of which consists of two main items:
dumplings with sour cream and dumplings with vinegar. Sometimes
pies, cabbage salad and hodgepodge cooked from offal are added to
them - to keep the tradition and complete the sensations.
4 Cafe
"Pogrebok", Kremlin. 9:00–17:00. Small cafe with drinks and
pastries.
5 Confectionery "Slastyona", st. Karl Marx, 15.
Mon–Fri 8:00–17:00, Sat 9:00–15:00. A classic cafeteria with a bunch
of cheap cakes, good pastries and loose salads. High tables, you
need to eat while standing.
6 Dining room "Kharchevnya", st. 50
years of October, 3. 8:00–18:00. The most ordinary dining room,
which for some reason is adjacent to a cafe in the style of a
Russian tea house, decorated with samovars and Khokhloma. At the
same time, the tea house sometimes works as an independent
establishment with service, sometimes it is limited to drinks,
sometimes it simply doesn’t work and provides its tables to visitors
to the dining room, which leads to some confusion, although in the
end everyone is happy: you can eat here inexpensively and tasty, and
if you’re lucky, and drink freshly brewed tea. And an hour before
closing, good discounts are offered.
Average cost
7 Cafe
Alyosha Popovich, st. Karl Marx, 1. 🕑 9:00–20:00. Hot: from 250
rubles. A small one-story building hides a solid cafe of Russian
cuisine, where they serve pancakes, dumplings and even homemade
tinctures, and they also offer to try on chain mail and a pair of
helmets. There is a children's menu, pastries. On weekdays, half the
tables are reserved by noon, and in general there are few places in
this institution, and there are many people who want to eat, so it
is better to book a table in advance.
8 Cafe Appetite ,
Sobornaya sq. 2. 9:00–22:00. Hot: from 300 rubles. Unpretentious
interior and a fairly standard menu - pizza, burgers, dumplings and
a few hot dishes with a side dish. Mostly good reviews.
9 Cafe
"Atrus", st. Lunacharskogo, 48 (next to the station). 10:00–22:00.
The cafe is adjacent to the brand store of the Atrus bakery and meat
processing plant, whose stew is known far beyond Rostov. From the
outside it looks like a restaurant with lush curtains and white
tablecloths, but the patrons aren't thrilled.
10 Sobranie
Restaurant-Museum, Kremlin. 10:00–21:00. The word “museum” in the
name in this case does not mean a collection of trinkets or even
folk costumes that are allowed to be tried on, but a location right
inside the museum - on the territory of the Rostov Kremlin, where
you can go outside the official opening hours under the pretext of
visiting a restaurant. Russian cuisine is on the menu, visitors
praise it.
Expensive
11 Restaurant "Russian Compound", st.
Marshal Alekseev, 9. 12:00–24:00. Hot: from 500 rubles. A creatively
furnished restaurant of Russian cuisine, which is offered to try in
two halls - Izba and Fusion. Visitors agree that the food is not
bad, but the extremely slow service allows you to take a good walk
around the city while your order is being prepared.
12 Restaurant
"Pike Dvor" (People's Academy of Fish Soup), st. Dostoevsky, 41 (on
the highway, 400 m from the railway station). 11:00–22:00, Thu to
Sat: until 23:00. Hot: from 400 rubles. A place for those who want
to try local fish: pike perch, pike and, of course, several types of
fish soup are on the menu, as well as an indispensable onion, from
which they even make jam. Visitors like it, but not everyone.
Post office, st. Proletarskaya, 37. Mon–Fri 8:00–20:00, Sat 9:00–18:00. Access to the Internet.
In the village of Borisoglebsky (20 km northwest of Rostov) there is
a majestic monastery, one of the largest in Central Russia. Then the
same road leads to Uglich. You can, of course, go further along the
Golden Ring to Pereslavl-Zalessky or Yaroslavl. Fans of little-known
places and untrodden paths should pay attention to various small
villages between Rostov and Yaroslavl, including the cozy town of
Gavrilov-Yam and the village of Velikoye located next to it, ready to
compete with another large city with its temples and stone buildings.
Such villages, which never became cities, are one of the characteristic
features of the Yaroslavl and Ivanovo regions.
In the immediate
vicinity of Rostov, there are dozens of churches of the 18th-19th
centuries, mostly dilapidated. Some of them are quite curious, and
besides, it is worth stopping by Porechie-Rybnoe, another large village
that has not become a city.
Ugodichi is a village on the eastern
shore of Lake Nero opposite Rostov. There used to be a pier, to which a
cobbled road leads. From the site of the former pier, there are
wonderful views of the Rostov Kremlin. In the village itself you will
see the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (1709), the second
Russian-style monument after Sknyatinovo in the vicinity of Rostov.
Nearby is the crumbling bell tower of the Church of the Epiphany
(mid-19th century). Buses to Ugodichi run several times a day (No. 110,
132, 230).
Petrovskoye is a large settlement on the M8 highway, 25 km from
Rostov. The village of Petrovskoye has been known since the 13th
century. In 1777, by a lucky chance, it became the city of Petrovsky,
and even the center of the county, but already in 1796 Petrovsk lost its
own county, turning into a provincial town, which it remained until
1925, until it degraded back into the village of Petrovsky. The former
status is reminded of the Petrovsk railway station opened in 1870 and
subsequently avoided renaming, as well as the Church of Peter and Paul
(1783) built in 1783, shortly after gaining city status, on the central
square, directly opposite the bus station. The church was built in the
forms of early classicism according to the project of I. M. Levenhagen,
one of the students of A. Rinaldi. The streets around the church keep
traces of the regular planning of the second half of the 18th century
and even individual buildings in the spirit of provincial classicism:
this is almost the only village in which such a thing can be found at
all. Another church, Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya (1834), is located at the
city cemetery in the southern part of the village. All buses on the
Yaroslavl highway in the direction of Pereslavl stop in Petrovsky.
Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Church in Spas-Smerdino (20 km from Petrovsky
to the west). A curious example of not even provincial, but rural
classicism. The church was built in 1804-10. and with its central volume
it resembles the Church of Peter and Paul in neighboring Petrovsky,
however, instead of one large round dome, five small ones are planted on
the roof, and there is some strange semicircular completion on the bell
tower, although earlier there may have been a spire. The interior of the
temple is well preserved, including frescoes. Public transport does not
go to the village, with the exception of very rare buses to Lazarevo
(No. 139).
Kazan Church in Sknyatinovo (halfway between Rostov
and Petrovsky, away from the highway, not far from Porechye). The oldest
church in the Rostov region outside of Rostov itself and the
monasteries. The church was built in 1693 in the Russian style, and
therefore differs from the churches in the surrounding villages and
villages that are thoroughly permeated with baroque and classicism. Pay
attention to the stone decor of the architraves and domed drums. The
murals of the late 18th - early 19th centuries have survived.
Sknyatinovo is located a couple of kilometers from the village of
Debolovskoye, which is on the M8 highway.
Porechie-Rybnoe is an ancient village, now an urban-type settlement
on the southern shore of Lake Nero, 15 km from Rostov. Once the
inhabitants of the village enjoyed the exclusive right to fish in the
lake, from where the name Porechie-Lovetskoe came from, which later
turned into Porechie-Rybnoe. Having lost their right to fish, the
Porechans took up gardening, which is now reminded of by the local
museum of the gardener and the cucumber day held in the village (early
August). Porechye amazes with the scale of stone construction. In the
19th century, the number of stone houses reached 80, and many of them
are still standing: these are solid two-story houses, which in other
cities would be called merchant's mansions, but here they belonged to
wealthy peasants. It is interesting to look at these houses from the
inside - they still have ceiling moldings and vaulted cellars in some
places - but apparently there is no official way to get inside.
If the stone houses at the very least stand, then the temples of
Porechye are in a terrible state:
Temple complex of Porechye, st.
Central, 64-66. There are two churches in the center of Porechye: the
unrestored Church of Peter and Paul with a hipped bell tower (1768) and
the Church of St. Nikita the Great Martyr (1799), which lost its vault,
over which, like all of Porechye, a huge 94-meter bell tower dominates -
one of the highest in Russia. It is higher than the Moscow bell tower of
Ivan the Great, and at the end of the 18th century it was forbidden to
build such bell towers, but the locals managed to deceive the inspection
that arrived in the village: according to one of the legends, earth was
piled at the base to reduce the apparent height of the bell tower, and
according to another, the bell tower was purposely built in the valley.
Now this once luxurious temple complex is in disrepair. The monument to
Lenin standing in the middle of the temples and not inferior to them in
its shabbyness looks especially surreal.
Trinity Church (at the
entrance from Rostov). Cemetery church built in 1865.
Museum "Porec
gardener", st. Mologskaya, 18a. ☎ +7 (48536) 2-01-09, +7 (48536)
2-02-74. A private museum, created by the efforts of local historians,
who caught on to the information that the Porechensky peasants studied
gardening even in Holland, where Peter I sent them for an internship. It
is better to arrange a visit to the museum in advance.
How to get
there: a suburban bus runs from Rostov to Porechye 6 times a day (the
final one is Klimatino). You can get to the turn on Porechye by any
transport in the direction of Petrovsky, from the turn to the village
another 5 km. In Porechye there is a small hotel with a restaurant
attached to it.
Semibratovo is a village on the Yaroslavl highway, 15 km north of
Rostov. The name is associated with the mysterious seven brothers, who
in the 15th century, during the princely civil strife, robbed in the
surrounding forests. Later, a postal station was built in Semibratovo,
which was replaced by a railway station at the end of the 19th century.
However, the modern appearance of the village contains absolutely
nothing historical, reflecting only the latest industrial history: at
first there was a chipboard factory, and now they produce gas cleaning
equipment. For those who travel to Yaroslavl by car, Semibratovo offers
several roadside cafes and the possibility of unplanned communication
with traffic police officers. With the exception of the
pre-revolutionary mill located on the edge of the village, the old
buildings in Semibratov have not been preserved, which the locals are
trying to combat by creating museums that are not devoid of creativity.
Staraya mill (from Moscow, left turn after the bridge over the
river, 0.5 km from the railway crossing). The red-brick building of the
mill of the second half of the 19th century is an outstanding monument
of industrial architecture for these places. Nearby for a long time
there was a wooden dacha of local industrialists Vakhrameevs, which
burned down in 2014. The prospects for its recovery are bleak.
Buckloaf museum and jam library (1.5 km behind the old mill, on the same
road). ☎ +7 (4852) 64-75-61, +7 (910) 973-43-64. 10:00–17:30 except Mon.
Few people now remember that in Rus' they called the blank of a wooden
object: for example, a spoon. The museum shows how to beat the buckets
correctly, and then how to make something useful out of them. Nearby, in
a quite logical way, there is a museum of jam, which is most delicious
to eat with a wooden spoon. Finally, if all this seemed not enough to
you, you can visit the “birdhouse faculty” and the “bear corner”, where
two rather big bears live.
Tatishchev Pogost is the family estate
of the Tatishchevs, a noble noble family, whose representative was one
of the first Russian historians Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev (1686-1750).
In the village, located 6 km west of Semibratovo, there is the Church of
St. Sergius of Radonezh (1810) - perhaps the best monument of classicism
in the entire Yaroslavl region. The church was built in the spirit of
Palladian architecture and is very reminiscent of temples of the same
period in the vicinity of Torzhok, which gave rise to speculation about
the involvement of the capital architect N.A. Lvov. However, by the time
the church was built, Lvov had already died, and apparently one of his
students was involved in the project.
How to get there: buses of
the 100th route from Rostov run every hour to Semibratovo. Some of them
(No. 109) then go to Tatishchev Pogost. Semibratovo can also be reached
by infrequent electric trains or intercity buses in the direction of
Yaroslavl.
The emergence of the city
The name of the city is traditionally
associated with the Slavic personal name Rost (cf. Rostislav), from
which the possessive adjective is formed with the help of the suffix
-ov. Rostov is mentioned in The Tale of Bygone Years. The entry for 862
speaks of it as a city owned by Rurik and where the "first inhabitants"
belonged to the Merya tribe:
The Russians said Chud, Slovenes,
Krivichi and all: “Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no
order in it. Come reign and rule over us." And three brothers with their
clans were elected, and they took all of Rus' with them, and they came,
and the eldest, Rurik, sat in Novgorod, and the other, Sineus, on
Beloozero, and the third, Truvor, in Izborsk. And from those Varangians
the Russian land was nicknamed. The Novgorodians are those people from
the Varangian family, and before that they were Slovenes. Two years
later, Sineus and his brother Truvor died. And one Rurik took all power,
and began to distribute cities to his men - Polotsk to that, Rostov to
that, Beloozero to another. The Varangians in these cities are
nakhodniki, and the indigenous population in Novgorod is Slovene, in
Polotsk - Krivichi, in Rostov - Merya, in Beloozero - all, in Murom -
Murom, and Rurik ruled over all of them.
Laurentian list, edition of
1116 (translated by D. S. Likhachev).
In the future, the
chronicle reports that "the prince is in Rostov side, there is a living
under Oleg."
Alexei Shakhmatov believed that the mention of
Rostov under the year 862 was made in a later edition of the chronicle
of the beginning of the 12th century. According to archeological data,
the ancient large Sarsk settlement, the first fortified settlement on
Lake Nero, arose in the land of Mary in the 7th century and for a long
time was the Meryan tribal center.
The city on the right bank at
the mouth of the now buried Pizherma River begins to take shape no
earlier than the middle of the 10th century. The earliest
dendrochronological date in Rostov was obtained from the excavation near
the Clock Ringer in the Kremlin - 963. At the Konyushenny excavation
site, in the absence of dendrota, according to the composition of the
finds and the features of the ceramic collection, layers 19, 20 date
back to the second half of the 11th century.
There are various
hypotheses about the time of the emergence of Rostov itself: some of
them suggest the emergence of the city in the pre-Slavic era, others -
the transfer from the pagan Sarsk settlement with the preservation of
the name Rostov in the 10th century, and for some time both cities
(tribal and princely) existed simultaneously. Just in the 9th-11th
centuries, in the era of transition to a fairly strong princely power,
various specific princes quite often founded their strongholds (pogosts,
camps), at first small, not inside the populated center, sometimes
large, but next to it - in the nearest a place convenient for defense
and at the same time near the water, at a distance of several to 15
kilometers. Perhaps the inhabitants of the princely centers enjoyed the
right of extraterritoriality. Similar double cities could have different
fates: merge into one; the population of the princely, slowly or
quickly, for various reasons, passed into the more ancient (Murom); the
population of the older one more often passed into the new; at the same
time, the name of the old city could be transferred to the new one.
The researcher of Rostov, archaeologist Andrey Leontiev considers
the Sarskoye settlement to be the tribal center of Mary, and Rostov -
the center of princely power.
According to local historian E.
Pleshanov, Rostov arose as a Meryan settlement at the end of the 8th
century or a little earlier. During the time of Rurik, it became the
center of tribute collection in favor of Novgorod, remaining in other
respects a suburb of the Sarsk settlement; with the intensified Slavic
colonization that began in the 920s-930s, Rostov, as the base of the
Slavs, acquired dominant importance.
Kazan history mentions
Cheremis as the indigenous inhabitants of Rostov, who did not want to be
baptized and therefore left the city. The local Cheremis-Mari had a
self-name "mäpӹ", which was preserved by the ethnic group of the
northwestern Mari living in the Nizhny Novgorod and Kostroma regions.
As excavations in the 1980s showed, the Meryan settlement on the
site of Rostov occupied the edge of the coastal terrace to the west of
the mouth of the Pizherma River. It was not fortified, but was defended
by Pizherma, the swampy lowland of the Ishni River and, apparently,
notches in the surrounding forest and underwater palisades on the
Kotorosl River and in the lake. The settlement was located opposite
Rozhdestvensky Island, a huge remnant stone revered by the Merians, and
served as the center of the cult of a deity similar to the Slavic Veles,
and also associated with the bear cult. Back in the 19th century, the
memory of him lived in the Rostov proverb: "He is as angry as the idol
Veles." In the lives of Bishops Fedor, Leonty, Abraham, Isaiah and in
the "Tale of the establishment of Christianity in Rostov" the Chudskoy
end in Rostov Veliky is mentioned, where there was a stone idol of
Veles, which was worshiped by local pagans until the beginning of the
12th century. They repeatedly expelled the sent bishops and, according
to some reports, even killed them.
At present, a legend about the
foundation of Rostov is known, deriving the name of the city from the
phrase "Rossov Stan" and attributing this foundation to Tsarevich
Ross-Vandal. The plot first appeared in the 19th century in the book
Tales of Veliky Novgorod, Recorded by the Merchant Alexander Artynov.
The legend accurately dates the event to 1793 BC., and Ross-Vandal calls
the son of the biblical Raugil, the great-grandson of the patriarch
Jacob. However, this version is frankly fantastic.
According to the chronicle, in the 9th century, Rostov, along with
all the possessions of the Meryan tribe, was annexed to the state of
Rurik with its capital in Ladoga or Novgorod. In Prince Oleg's campaign
against Tsargrad, the Rostovites participated as allies: in the text of
Oleg's treaty with the Greeks, they pledged to pay tribute to individual
Russian cities: Kiev, Chernigov, Peryaslavl, Polotsk, Rostov and
Lyubech. From 989 to 1010, young Yaroslav the Wise reigned in Rostov.
Since the second half of the 11th century, Rostov has been one of
the two main cities of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality, the territory
that became the basis of modern Russia.
From the end of XI
(nominally, according to church historiography, it is considered to be
from 991; but the first two bishops, St. Theodore and Hilarion, sent to
Rostov, were expelled). Rostov at that time was the center of the Rostov
bishopric, one of the largest and oldest in Rus'.
Until the 12th
century, Rostov was divided into two ends - Chudskaya (Meryansky) with a
pagan temple and Russian with a Christian church. The two peoples got
along well with each other, in case of any threat they gathered together
the militia. But if a Meryanin was baptized, then he was already
recognized as Russian and had to leave his former place of residence,
move to the other end of the city.
When the capital moved from
Suzdal to Vladimir, a riot broke out in Rostov and Suzdal. The old
cities did not want to recognize the new capital.
In 1160, on the
site of the burnt wooden Assumption Cathedral, built according to legend
as far back as 991 by St. Theodore, by order of the Grand Duke of
Vladimir Andrei Bogolyubsky, the construction of a white-stone building
was begun, which was destroyed by a fire in 1204.
In 1207, an
independent Rostov principality appeared, which quickly became one of
the most influential political centers of Russian princes. The founder
of the principality, the eldest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Konstantin
Vsevolodovich rebuilt the Assumption Cathedral in 1214-1231. By that
time, the Rostov inheritance had become the second most important after
the Vladimir one. Rostov was always bequeathed to the eldest son or
brother.
At this time, the city experienced an unprecedented
economic and cultural upsurge. Rostov was one of the largest cities in
the northeast; the area of its fortified part, surrounded by a rampart
and a moat, was more than 100 hectares. The city had princely and
episcopal courts, large bargaining, more than 15 churches, several
monasteries. Abraham's Monastery was founded in the 11th century and is
thus one of the oldest Russian monasteries.
In 1237, Rostov did
not resist the Mongol troops, because of this the city suffered little.
Since the squad of the Rostov prince Vasilko Konstantinovich, as part of
the combined Vladimir-Suzdal troops led by Grand Duke Yuri, participated
in the battle with the hordes of Burundai on the Sit River in 1238;
Vasilko was captured and then executed. His young son Boris became the
prince, during which, in particular, the largest uprising against the
Tatar tax collectors took place in 1262.
In 1297, the Rostov
prince Konstantin Borisovich married his daughter to the Moscow prince
Yuri Danilovich. This did not prevent Yuri in 1317 with the Tatar
detachments of Kavgady and Astrabyl from burning Rostov and expelling
the prince from it, apparently Alexander Konstantinovich, who took the
side of Tver in the dispute between Yuri and Mikhail of Tver for the
grand throne. According to the hypothesis of V. A. Kuchkin, around 1328,
the Rostov principality and the city of Rostov itself were divided into
two parts: Borisoglebskaya, to the east, which was received by Prince
Fedor, and Sretenskaya, to the west, which was received by Prince
Konstantin.
The Sretensky part, perhaps, was soon declared part
of the Vladimir Grand Duchy and, in fact, became completely dependent on
Moscow. According to another version, the entire Rostov Principality
fell under the authority of Moscow in 1328. It was to this time that the
resettlement of local boyars from the city, including Cyril, the father
of Sergius of Radonezh, dates; the author of the life of the saint
writes on this occasion: “alas, Rostov and his princes, they took power,
reign, estate and glory from them.” The Rostov squad participated in the
battle on the Kulikovo field. Under Vasily II the Dark, the Rostov
Principality actually finally became part of Moscow: in the 1430s. the
Grand Duke's governor is present there, and according to his spiritual
1461/2, Vasily bequeaths it to his wife Maria in full ownership. In
1473-1474, the princes of Borisoglebsk sold the remnants of their
princely rights to Ivan III.
Despite the loss of political independence, Rostov continued to be
the residence of the metropolitan and the largest church center.
In 1565, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible divided the Russian state into
oprichnina and zemshchina, the city of Rostov became part of the latter
and belonged to it until the beginning of 1569, after which it was taken
into the oprichnina.
During the Time of Troubles, Rostov did not
escape the tragic fate of many Russian cities. In 1608, it was burned
and plundered by Tushino detachments, who captured Metropolitan Filaret
(Romanov), the future patriarch and father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich.
In the history of Rostov, this was the last invasion of the invaders. In
1632-1634. By order of the king to strengthen the city around its
central part, the Dutch engineer (“resident of the Dutch land of the
city of Amsterdam, city master”) Jan Cornelius Rodenburg built an
earthen fortress. It entered the world culture as a monument of the old
Dutch fortification system.
For many centuries, Rostov retained the importance of a religious
center. The territory of the Rostov diocese extended far beyond the
boundaries of the modern Yaroslavl region, and the Rostov hierarchs were
among the most influential church rulers. At the end of the 14th
century, the Rostov bishops received the rank of archbishops, and in
1589 - metropolitans. The Rostov Metropolis was one of the richest in
Russia. In the second half of the 17th century, on the initiative of
Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich, the construction of a new bishop's
residence began in Rostov. In a short time - about 20 years, a majestic
ensemble of the metropolitan court was erected in the center of the
city, consisting of religious, residential and utility buildings,
surrounded by fortress walls with high towers, known as the Rostov
Kremlin. A unique belfry was built on Cathedral Square at the Cathedral
of the Assumption, for which huge thousand-pound bells were cast. In the
XVI-XVII centuries, the formation of architectural complexes of numerous
urban and suburban monasteries took place, a significant part of which
has survived to our time.
Rostov in the XVIII—XIX centuries
At
the end of the 18th century, the center of the Rostov-Yaroslavl diocese
was moved from Rostov to Yaroslavl. According to the provincial reform
of 1778, Rostov became the county center, the redevelopment of the city
began according to a regular plan.
From the second half of the
18th century until almost the end of the 19th century, the famous Rostov
Fair was held in the city, thanks to which Rostov retained its
importance as an important commercial and economic center of the
Yaroslavl province. In terms of size, the Rostov Fair was second only to
the Makariev and Nizhny Novgorod fairs. At that time, the enamel
industry was developing in the city. Rostov becomes one of the centers
for the production of painted enamel.
In 1885, the owner of the
Rolma factory made the first urban 10-kilometer water pipe from Kotorosl
to the factory. Subsequently, he bequeathed to the city all his funds,
for which the water supply was expanded, a gymnasium was founded and it
was planned to open a university.
Since the second half of the
19th century, restoration and restoration of architectural monuments of
the Rostov Kremlin began in Rostov. In 1883, the "Museum of Church
Antiquities" was opened in the Kremlin, which is currently a significant
cultural and scientific center.
By 1900, Rostov had 14,500 inhabitants, 4 schools, a religious
school, a women's gymnasium, an arts and crafts school, 21 factories, 22
churches and 5 monasteries.
February 11, 1944 Rostov received the
status of a city of regional subordination.
On August 24, 1953, a
tornado swept through Rostov. The whirlwind arose a few kilometers
northwest of Rostov. At about 5 pm, a tornado broke into the city
through the railway line, overturning two wagons with bricks and lime,
then proceeded along Dostoevsky and Fevralskaya streets, causing them
serious damage. Parallel to the first tornado, another funnel rushed.
After both funnels connected, a tornado (F2 category on the Fujita
scale) flew into the Rostov Kremlin, tore off almost all of its domes
and caused serious damage to the churches of St. John the Theologian and
Gregory the Theologian. The tornado went into Lake Nero, where it
scattered boats within a radius of half a kilometer, raised a water
column of several hundred meters, moved along the water surface for some
time, “pouring out” sheets of iron, logs and other objects, and
eventually lost its destructive power. In the same year, restoration
work began in the Rostov Kremlin under the leadership of Vladimir
Sergeevich Baniga, which was completed only by 1957.
Now the
state museum-reserve is called the Rostov Kremlin. He owns the richest
collection of monuments of ancient Russian art - unique collections of
icons, ancient Russian facial embroidery, paintings and graphics of the
18th-20th centuries, ancient Russian manuscripts and documents,
archeology. In 1995, the Rostov Museum was included in the List of
Especially Valuable Cultural Heritage Sites of Russia.
In the
1970s and 1980s, the city was part of the Golden Ring tourist route, a
hotel was being built in it, most of the Rostov Kremlin was given over
to the Rostov Youth Tourist Center. Several factories are being built on
the outskirts of the city, mainly for defense purposes: an
optical-mechanical, experimental and radio plant. Infrastructure is also
being created for these enterprises: sewerage, water supply, gas supply,
the Nero electrical substation is being built, several microdistricts
are appearing in different parts of the city.
The earliest Rostov emblems can be considered images on the coins of
the Rostov Principality of the late XIV - early XV centuries. Various
coins depicted: a man or only his head, sometimes in a hat, with an ax,
sword, spear, shield, saber, wind instrument or purse in his hands; two
people facing each other; a four-legged beast, sometimes with its head
back to its tail in the form of a shamrock, etc., as well as tamgas of
the Rostov princes.
In addition, a common plot was a standing man
with an ax in front of a tree, on which a bird sits on some coins, a
human head lies under the tree. Sometimes the head or mask is repeated
in the circular legend with the name of the prince. The reverse depicted
a human head in front inside a circular legend. VL Yanin interpreted
this image as a warning to counterfeiters. I. V. Volkov and N. V.
Chekunin consider it a transformation of the image from the English
noble, which also served as a model for the “shipman” Ivan III. G. A.
Fedorov-Davydov saw in it an illustration to the gospel sermon of John
the Baptist about the approach of the Kingdom of Heaven: “Already the ax
lies at the root of the trees: every tree that does not bear good fruit
is cut down and thrown into the fire” (Matt. 3:10 ). In his opinion, the
composition is borrowed from the Byzantine illustrations of the Gospel.
Similar images from the middle of the 15th century are found on
icons. The image on the reverse in this case is the severed head of
John. Similar plots are present on the coins of other principalities,
but they were widespread in Rostov. According to S. V. Sazonov and D. B.
Oinas, this plot could appear and be fixed on coins as an indication of
the unifying role of the Rostov diocese (the annals mention the Church
of John the Baptist - the house church of the Rostov hierarchs in the
episcopal yard) in the Rostov principality, divided from the beginning
of the 14th century into two princely destinies - the Sretensky and
Borisoglebsky sides (but the coins were in circulation in both parts).
According to the assumption of these authors, the bird on the tree, in
accordance with Christian symbolism, could symbolize the departed soul
of the executed John.
The volume of shipped goods of own production, in manufacturing
industries in 2009 amounted to 3.11 billion rubles.
Instrumentation
This industry appeared in Rostov in 1975, when an
optical-mechanical plant was built in the city. Quite quickly, this
enterprise became a city-forming enterprise (having pushed aside the
Rolma factory from the first position). After some time, a pilot
production of NITIOP was built in the city, diamond powders and other
diamond tools were produced at this plant. In 1990, these enterprises
merged. In the 1990s - early 2000s, ROMZ OJSC produced civilian (from
100% to 50% of Russian exports) and military night vision devices, which
made it possible to contribute up to a third of the district budget. Now
only military products are produced, the share in the city and district
budgets has decreased several times.
mechanical engineering
Until 2009, only 2 relatively large productions could be attributed to
this category: OJSC 751 Repair Plant (FGUP 751 RZ MO) and Rostov
Aggregate Plant OJSC Avtodiesel, but the last plant was closed and
production was transferred to Yaroslavl. 751 RZ is engaged in the repair
of vehicles and the production of tankers. The share of these
enterprises in the budget of the city and district is insignificant.
Production of building materials
In 2009, the ZAO MD RUS plant
producing skylights was launched. Velux Corporation invested
1,500,000,000 rubles in the project. Since 2019, the plant has been
liquidated. Since 2019, Gulbahar RUS LLC has been manufacturing tobacco
products on the territory of the plant.
Medicine
In Rostov,
there is a large research and production complex for the development and
production of active pharmaceutical ingredients "Farmoslavl" (part of
the R-Pharm company), as well as the Rostov Pharmaceutical Factory.
Energy
The city has the Rostov branch of the Yaroslavl Sales
Company (serves the Rostov, Borisoglebsky, Gavrilov-Yamsky, Pereslavsky
and Uglichsky districts) and the Southern branch of Yaroslavloblgaz
(serves the Rostov, Borisoglebsky and Pereslavsky districts).
food industry
The oldest industry in the city. Some enterprises were
created in the 19th century (Aronap CJSC (former Vakhromeev and Co.
Partnership) and the Russian Kvass plant of ATRUS CJSC (former Selivanov
Partnership) were engaged in the processing of agricultural products
produced in the peasant farms of the Rostov district. After
nationalization these two productions were reconstructed: the former
plant of Vakhromeev from chicory became a coffee and chicory plant, and
the treacle plant of Selivanov began to produce kvass wort and kvass.Of
all the enterprises in this industry, the following can now be
distinguished: CJSC ATRUS, OJSC Rostov Feed Mill and CJSC "Aronap". The
latter lost its importance in the late 1990s. CJSC "ATRUS" occupies one
of the first places in the Yaroslavl region in the production of food
products. It owns a meat processing plant, a bakery, a factory "Russian
kvass", the production of pasta, sewing production, construction and
installation management, a motor transport company, a printing house and
a chain of stores in the Yaroslavl region .
Construction
Construction in the city is carried out in two districts of the city: in
the southwest and in the north. In the southwestern region, ATRUS CJSC
is the general investor and contractor. In the north, construction is
carried out in two directions: the construction of the first stage of
the 3rd microdistrict and the construction of the second stage of the
2nd microdistrict.
Souvenirs
Rostov is the center of enamel
production. It is produced both handicraft and at the Rostov Finift
factory. Over the 90 years of its existence, the factory has grown from
a small artel into a large jewelry enterprise.
In addition to
enamel, black polished ceramics have been produced in Rostov since the
16th century. A workshop for the production of ceramic products operates
on the territory of the Rostov Kremlin.
Tobacco production
Gulbahar Rus, the Russian representative office of the international
tobacco manufacturer Gulbahar Tobacco, is located in Rostov. The opening
date is October 7, 2019.
Banks
Branches and additional offices
of Sberbank of Russia, Rosbank, Rosselkhozbank, Sovcombank, Rus-Bank and
Severgazbank, as well as RBA Bank are located in Rostov.