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Adygeysk (Adyg. Adygekal) is a city in the south of Russia, in the Republic of Adygea. This is the administrative center of the urban district, the city of Adygeisk, as an administrative-territorial unit (city of republican significance) with subordinate settlements, respectively, forms the Adyghe republican urban district.
It arose in the 1970s as a settlement for the builders of the Krasnodar reservoir and was named Adygeysk by the ethnonym of the people on whose land the construction was carried out. In 1976 it was renamed to the city of Teuchezhsk in honor of the folk poet-ashug Tsug (Tagir) Teuchezh. In 1990, the original name of Adygeisk was returned to the city.
Adygeysk is a town located in the Republic of Adygea, a federal
subject of Russia situated in the North Caucasus region of Eastern
Europe. The town serves as an urban locality with administrative and
municipal status, positioned approximately 100 kilometers northwest
of Maykop, the capital of Adygea. Geographically, Adygeysk lies at
coordinates 44°52′59.5″N 39°11′24.7″E, with an elevation of about 45
meters (148 feet) above sea level. Its population is around 12,200
residents, making it the second-largest urban center in the republic
after Maykop. Adygeysk is situated along the federal highway M4
"Don," which connects it to broader regional transportation
networks.
The Republic of Adygea itself is an enclave entirely
surrounded by Krasnodar Krai, covering an area of about 7,792 square
kilometers. Adygeysk is in the northern part of the republic, which
contrasts with the southern mountainous areas. This northern zone is
characterized by undulating plains and fertile lowlands, part of the
broader Prikubanskaya Sloping Plain. The town's location places it
near the border with Krasnodar Krai, emphasizing its role in the
agricultural and lowland-dominated landscape of the region.
Topography and Landforms
Adygeysk's topography is predominantly
flat, typical of the northern lowlands of Adygea. The area consists
of gently undulating plains with rich, fertile soils that have been
extensively used for agriculture. These plains form part of the
transition zone between the steppe-like expanses of southern Russia
and the foothills of the Northwestern Caucasus Mountains to the
south. The town's low elevation (around 45-50 meters) contributes to
its susceptibility to flooding in certain areas, particularly due to
its proximity to river systems.
Unlike the southern parts of
Adygea, which rise into the Caucasus foothills and mountains
(reaching heights like Mount Chugush at 3,238 meters and Mount Fisht
at 2,868 meters), Adygeysk experiences no significant relief
variations. The landscape here is shaped by alluvial deposits from
nearby rivers, creating a marshy floodplain environment in some
sections. Historically, about 20,000 acres (8,000 hectares) of
marshy land along the Kuban River floodplain have been reclaimed for
market gardening and other agricultural uses, highlighting human
modifications to the natural topography. This reclamation has
transformed potentially waterlogged areas into productive farmland,
though remnants of wetlands may still influence local ecosystems.
Hydrology and Water Features
A defining geographical feature
of Adygeysk is its proximity to the Krasnodar Reservoir (also known
as the Krasnodarskoye Reservoir), a large artificial lake formed by
damming the Kuban River. The town is situated directly adjacent to
this reservoir, which spans a significant portion of the northern
Adygea landscape and serves multiple purposes, including irrigation,
flood control, and hydroelectric power. The Kuban River, one of the
major waterways in southern Russia, flows nearby and marks the
northern boundary of much of Adygea. The river's left bank, where
Adygeysk is located, features broad floodplains that contribute to
the area's fertility but also pose risks of seasonal flooding.
Other hydrological elements include tributaries of the Kuban, such
as the Laba River, which borders Adygea to the northeast. These
rivers create a dense drainage network in the region, supporting
agriculture through irrigation. The presence of the reservoir and
rivers also influences local microclimates, potentially increasing
humidity in the immediate vicinity of Adygeysk.
Climate
Adygeysk experiences a temperate continental climate in its northern
lowland setting, transitioning toward humid subtropical influences
due to its proximity to the Black Sea (though buffered by
surrounding plains). Winters are moderately cold, with average
January temperatures around −0.5°C (31.1°F), while summers are warm,
with July averages reaching +23°C (73°F). Annual precipitation is
approximately 700-800 mm, distributed fairly evenly throughout the
year, though with peaks in late spring and early summer. This
rainfall supports the region's agricultural productivity but can
lead to occasional heavy downpours and flooding risks in low-lying
areas.
The climate is milder compared to the southern mountainous
parts of Adygea, where elevations create cooler, more humid
conditions. Influenced by the nearby Caucasus and the Black Sea's
moderating effects, Adygeysk avoids extreme temperature swings
common in more inland continental zones. However, the area's
humidity can make summers feel warmer, and fog or mist may occur
near the reservoir.
Vegetation, Environment, and Land Use
The environment around Adygeysk is dominated by steppe and plain
vegetation, with deciduous forests covering less ground here than in
the southern foothills (where forests account for nearly 40% of
Adygea's territory). The fertile chernozem soils support intensive
agriculture, including crops like corn, wheat, sunflowers, hemp,
tobacco, melons, potatoes, and vegetables. Flower cultivation, such
as Crimean roses and lavender, is a local specialty for essential
oils.
Ecologically, the area is part of Russia's broader steppe
zone, with some reclaimed wetlands providing habitats for birds and
aquatic species. The Krasnodar Reservoir enhances biodiversity by
creating wetland edges, though human activities like agriculture and
oil/gas extraction (more prominent near Maykop) pose environmental
challenges. Natural gas and oil fields in the broader republic add
to the industrial overlay on this otherwise agrarian landscape.
The climate in the city is mild and temperate, where the proximity of the Black Sea plays an important role. The average annual air temperature is about + 11.5 ° С, and ranges from average + 23.5 ° С in July, to average 0.5 ° С in January. The minimum temperatures in winter are extremely rare below -10 ° С, in summer the maximum temperatures exceed + 35 ° С. The average annual rainfall is about 770 mm. Most of the precipitation falls in winter and early summer.
The city of Adygeysk is a resettlement city and has a tragic history.
The chronicle of the city begins with the order of the Council of
Ministers of the USSR dated June 22, 1967, 1737-r, which approved the
design assignment for the construction of the Krasnodar reservoir.
The subsequent order of the Krasnodar Regional Executive Committee
743 of October 25, 1967 approved the general provision, which determined
the procedure for the resettlement of the population from the basin of
the reservoir. This man-made sea with a capacity of 3.1 million cubic
meters was supposed to provide water to the rice systems of the Kuban
and desalination fish-breeding estuaries, as well as to prevent floods
from flooding the land in the lower reaches of the Kuban River.
In 1969, a new settlement was formed - the village of Adygeysk, to which
residents of 13 settlements were resettled from the flood zone of the
reservoir bowl - 1957 families (8145 people)
The villages of
Lakshukai, Edepsukai-1, Edepsukai-2, Old and New Kazanukai,
Shabanokhabl, Shahancheriekhabl, Leninokhabl, the villages of Mayak and
Karmalino Kurgo and Kalinino were under the waters of the Krasnodar
reservoir. The inhabitants of the villages of Tlyustenkhabl, Vochepshy,
Tauikhabl, Kunchukokhabl, Neshukay, Pchegatlukay, Pshikuykhabl,
Novo-Vochepshey and Gorodskoy villages were partially resettled in the
new village.
On July 27, 1976, by the Decree of the Presidium of
the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the working settlement of Adygeysk in
the Teuchezhsky district of the Adygei Autonomous Region was transformed
into a city of regional subordination with a change of name to the city
of Teuchezhsk - by the name of the ashug of Adygea Tsuga Teuchezha.
In April 1981, the city of Teuchezhsk became the regional center of
the united (with the Oktyabrsky district) Teuchezhsky district.
On April 25, 1983, once again the Teuchezhsky district is divided into
two - Oktyabrsky with the administrative center in the village of
Oktyabrsky and Teuchezhsky with the regional center in the city of
Teuchezhsk.
On September 26, 1990, by the Decree of the Presidium
of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the city was returned to its
historical name Adygeysk.
In 1993, by the Decree of the President
of the Republic of Adygea A. A. Dzharimov, a single governing body was
formed - the administration of the city of Adygeysk and the Teuchezhsky
district.
Within the new boundaries, the municipal formation
"City of Adygeysk" was formed in 2000 after the
administrative-territorial division with the Teuchezhsky district.
In 2001, the village of Gatlukay and the farm of Psekups were
included in the city limits of the city of Adygeysk.
Since May
2002, the city of Adygeysk, in accordance with federal legislation and
the legislation of the Republic of Adygea on local self-government, has
been a municipal formation, which is endowed with the status of an urban
district.
GBUZ Adygei interdistrict hospital "named after K.M. Batman" - st.
Proletarian, 4.
City polyclinic of the urban district of Adygeysk.
MBUK Center of Folk Culture — pr-kt. Lenina, 21.
MBUK
Centralized Library System — pr-kt. Lenina, 21.
MBUK Museum of
Local Lore — pr-kt. Lenina, 21.
MBUK "Kinoset" - pr-kt. Lenina, 31.
The weekly city newspaper "Unity" is published, which is circulated on the territory of the city district and covers the events taking place in it.
There are two mosques in the city.
The dominant position in the city's economy is occupied by the
manufacturing industry, its share in the total volume of industrial
production is 94%. The most developed production of soft drinks - 83%
and chemical production - 7%.
The basis of the industrial
potential of the city are enterprises:
Krasnodarzernoprodukt LLC
(flour production)
LLC "Adyghe Dairy Plant" (production of milk and
dairy products, including cheese (Adyghe))
Dermen LLC (production of
bakery and confectionery products),
LLC "Extra" (production of dairy
products and Adyghe cheese),
Mramor LLC (production of soft drinks),
LLC Beer and non-alcoholic plant "Asbir" (production of beer and soft
drinks),
branch of the Vologda plant SKDM (production of metal
structures for housing construction, prefabricated low-rise buildings),
LLC "Perlit" (production of artificial corundum),
Apeas LLC (sewing
production),
Neftekhim LLC (sales of petroleum products)
The city has a regular route connection with the cities of Maykop, Krasnodar and Goryachiy Klyuch, as well as with the settlements of the Teuchezhsky district.