The Belgorod Region is located in the Central Black Earth Region. It
borders in the north and northwest on the
Kursk region, in the east on the Voronezh region, in the south and
west on the Ukrainian Sloboda region: Luhansk, Kharkiv and Sumy regions.
The youngest region of the Soviet times was created in 1954 by
separating some districts from the Kursk and Voronezh regions. Probably
the main goal of creating the region is the convenience of developing
the Kursk magnetic anomaly from the point of view of the Soviet economy.
That is why the anomaly is also "Kurskaya", although it is located in
the Belgorod region. Similarly, with the largest tank battle, which
became a turning point in the Great Patriotic War, it is called the
"Kursk Bulge", although the main battles were near Prokhorovka on the
territory of the modern Belgorod region.
The region is famous for its good roads,
stability, relative prosperity, and a large number of individual housing
developments around cities. It also has a very peculiar ethnography:
there is no such diversity in folk costumes in any region.
The
locals poetically call their area "Belogorye", meaning a large number of
chalk hills and limestone deposits.
The state reserve "Belogorye"
is the custodian of the gene pool of the Central Russian oak
(pedunculate oak).
Belgorod is the administrative center of
the region, a city that is famous for its well-being and many
interesting monuments (an honest traffic cop, a janitor, the first
teacher, "shuttle traders", etc.), color and musical fountains.
Biryuch
Alexeyevka
Novy Oskol
Valuyki
Grayvoron
Korocha
Stary Oskol is the industrial center of
the region, the largest iron ore quarry in the world is Lebedinsky, 50
kilometers away is the famous cave Kholkovsky monastery.
Shebekino - three ancient settlements are
concentrated around the city (from the Scythians and northerners, to the
time of the Belgorod border line), a 550-year-old oak and other natural
attractions, the best hunting farms in the region.
Gubkin
Town of Rovenki
Village of Ivnya
Prokhorovka
and the Military Historical Museum-Reserve "Prokhorovskoe Pole" - the
third Military Field of Russia, where the main battle of the "Kursk
Bulge" took place in August 1943.
Borisovka
town Chernyanka
Reserve "Belogorye"
Memorial complex "Kursk Bulge"
Kholkovsky cave
monastery
Chalk mountain on the street. Studencheskaya is the site of an
ancient wooden fortress built in 1596.
Monument to Prince Vladimir -
according to one version, the founder of Belgorod.
Monument to the
incorruptible traffic cop
Sundial
Belgorod Art Museum
Belgorod
Museum of Folk Culture
The house of the merchant Selivanov (XVIII
century), is located at the address: st. Preobrazhenskaya, 38, next to
the Belgorodenergo building. Now it houses the Literary Museum and the
Energy Museum.
Krapivensky settlement (City of northerners, Busara),
Shebekinsky district, with. Nettle. ☎ +7 (47248) 2-73-30 (Shebekinsky
History and Art Museum).
Pansky oak (Dmitrievsky oak)
Russian. In the Rovno region, Ukrainian and surzhik are also used in everyday life.
Trains
Road to the South (South of Russia, South of Ukraine). The
main transport artery is Moscow-South (Donbass, Crimea, South of
Russia). Route: (Moscow) - Tula - Orel - Kursk - Belgorod - Kharkov
(Ukraine).
The road to Voronezh can pass through Pristen or
Volokonovka.
Commuter trains from Belgorod in three directions: to
Kursk (via Prokhorovka, 5 times a day), to Kharkov (to the border with
Ukraine, 1 time per day), to Gotnya (via Tomarovka, 1 time per day),
diesel to Volchansk ( Ukraine, 1 time per day). There is a high-speed
comfortable electric train "Prince Vladimir".
Suburban trains from
Valuyki: to Topoli, to Liski, to Rogovoe.
Suburban train from Stary
Oskol: to Valuiki (3 times a day).
History of the Belgorod Region — research and description of the
history of the territory where the Belgorod Region is located.
The Belgorod land has absorbed the culture of many ancient peoples: from
the Iron Age to the present day. The most striking episodes are
associated with the Scythians and Sarmatians, the Alans and Kievan Rus,
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the times of the Belgorod abatis line,
as well as the largest tank battle on the Prokhorov field.
Flint tools from the Tikhaya Sosna River near the city of
Alekseyevka, from dune sites in the vicinity of the village of
Shelayevo, a fragment of a knife-shaped plate of transparent flint from
the village of Dmitrievka, a workshop near the village of Sabynino,
locations of split flints Kiseleva 1 and 2, flint workshops along the
bank of the Urazovaya River: Demino-Aleksandrovka I, XII, Gerasimovka
belong to the Paleolithic era. Mesolithic and Neolithic sites have been
discovered on Shurovaya Gora near the town of Grayvoron, on Shchuchya
Gora near the Vorskla River, and near the villages of Bely Ples,
Shelayevo, and Gerasimovka in the Oskol basin.
From the Bronze
Age, burial mounds of Indo-European tribes of the Catacomb culture
(Valuysky District) remained on the territory of the Belgorod Region.
In the Early Iron Age, the Scythians lived here, and they also left
burial mounds. The only ground burial ground of the Scythian period was
found in the Chernyansky District. The "Scythian" settlement of the Iron
Age is located on the territory of the Krasnogvardeisky District
(Verkhnyaya Pokrovka).
In the early Middle Ages, sedentary tribes
of the Saltovo-Mayaki culture lived on the territory of the Belgorod
Region. Archaeologists have found a number of Alanian fortresses whose
walls were made of bricks, for example, near the village of Dmitrievka
in the Shebekinsky District (Dmitrievskoye Settlement). A significant
Alanian fortification also existed on the site of the later Belgorod
Fortress. In the 8th-10th centuries, local Alans recognized the
authority of the Khazar Khaganate.
The sample DA189 (600-1000)
from the Belgorod Region was identified as having the Y-chromosomal
haplogroup R1b1a1a2-M269 and the mitochondrial haplogroup J1b4. The
DA190 sample from the Dmitrievskoe burial ground (Cat.171-p.1, 733) was
identified as having the mitochondrial haplogroup U1a1c1 and the
Y-chromosomal haplogroup G2a1a1-Z6653>G2a-FT61413.
The first
Slavs of the Belgorod region were the northerners, the bearers of the
Romensko-Borshevo culture, who left behind a number of monuments, for
example, the Khotmyzhskoe and Krapivinskoe settlements. They settled
next to the Alans, bringing their traditions of building dugouts,
farming and weaving to the local culture. Before the campaign of the
Russian prince Oleg, the northerners, like the Alans, paid tribute to
the Khazars.
The Posemya region was conquered by Rus' in the late
10th - early 11th centuries, most likely in the 990s, during the eastern
campaigns of Vladimir Svyatoslavich. All the Roman settlements of
Posemya perished in fires.
In ancient Russian times, this
territory was part of the Chernigov land. The fortress settlement of
Kholki (Chernyansky district) was located here, which, in addition to
the Rus', was inhabited by the Alano-Bulgars. Christian burials were
found on the territory of the settlement. At the same time, the city of
Khotmysl was located in the upper reaches of the Vorskla. The
Krapivinskoye settlement also flourished. Everything changed in the 13th
century, when the Mongol-Tatar invasion led to the relative desolation
of the region. However, the remains of the Golden Horde settlement were
also found on the territory of the modern region.
Written sources
of the 14th-15th centuries (List of Russian cities far and near, List of
cities of Svidrigaila of 1432 and the labels of the Crimean khans)
report the existence of the cities of Khotmyshl, Milolyubl and Oskol on
the territory of the modern region, which were part of the Grand Duchy
of Lithuania.
In the 15th century, the Tatars of Yegolday settled
on the territory of the future Belgorod region. Subsequently, the region
became part of the so-called Wild Field.
Since 1500, the territory of the Belgorod region was finally (except
for May-December 1918 and November 1941 - August 1943) part of Russia.
The Muravsky Shlyakh passed through this territory, along which the
Crimean Tatars and Nogais raided the lands of central Russia.
In
the 16th century, the construction of the Belgorod Line began here, on
which the fortress cities of Valuyki and Oskol (1593), as well as
Belgorod (1596) were founded. The population of this line were the
so-called Oskol Cossacks, who were classified as Don Cossacks.
With the construction of the Belgorod Line in the 1640s, the need arose
to govern a large territory that was important militarily. In 1658, the
Belgorod Division (more often called the Belgorod Regiment) was
established as a military-administrative unit uniting several counties.
A district chancellery was created in Belgorod — the Belgorod discharge
order hut. The governor of the Belgorod discharge also headed the
Belgorod regiment. In case of military danger, the governors of Orel,
Tula, and Yelets were also supposed to come under his command with their
detachments. Thus, the Belgorod discharge territorially and
administratively covered the entire Slobozhanshchina, that is, in whole
or in part, the current Oryol, Kursk, Belgorod, Sumy, Kharkov, and
Voronezh regions. The total number of the Belgorod discharge regiment at
times fluctuated from 19,000 to 30,000 soldiers. In the late 1650s, the
Sevsky discharge or Seversky discharge was separated from the Belgorod
discharge — a military-administrative territorial entity (discharge) of
the Russian kingdom with a military-administrative center in the city of
Sevsk.
The centralization of the state contributed to the
reorganization of the life of the local population, the disappearance of
Cossack self-government and the transfer of local power into the hands
of Moscow governors and boyar children. In 1667, the Belgorod diocese
was established. In 1680, the Belgorod region experienced a raid by a
Crimean-Nogai cavalry detachment, as a result of which about 1,000
people were killed or went missing. For their exploits in the Battle of
Poltava, Peter I granted the soldiers of the Great Belgorod Regiment a
banner.
In 1708-1727, the territory of today's Belgorod Oblast
was part of the Kyiv and Azov Governorates. In 1727, the Belgorod
Governorate was formed, which existed until 1779. It occupied the lands
of not only today's Belgorod Oblast, but also the territories of today's
Kursk, Oryol, and partially Bryansk and Kharkov Oblasts (in particular,
Chuguev). The province also had its own coat of arms, which is now the
coat of arms of the Belgorod region. In 1775-1779, the territory of the
Belgorod province was divided between the newly formed provinces and
viceroyalties, and the province itself was abolished. The Belgorod
region, including the city of Belgorod, became part of the Kursk
viceroyalty, and then the Kursk province.
With the weakening of
the Crimean Khanate, the territory of the Belgorod region turned into an
agrarian province of Russia. Landownership developed here. The
Sheremetevs (Graivoronsky district), as well as the Golitsyns
(Novooskolsky district), Trubetskoy, Vyazemsky, Yusupov and Raevsky
(Gubkinsky urban district) owned huge latifundia. On their lands,
peasants grew grain, mined chalk, and worked in oil mills.
In
1869, the first Kursk-Kharkov-Azov railway was built through the
territory of the region.
Until 1918, the territory of the modern Belgorod region was part of
the Voronezh and Kursk provinces. After the signing of the Brest Peace,
from April 1918 (de facto from May 1918) to January 1919 (de facto -
until December 1918), most of the Belgorod region was occupied by the
Kaiser's troops and became an integral part of the Ukrainian State of
Hetman P. P. Skoropadsky, part of the Kharkov province. Within a month
and a half after the abdication of the Kaiser of Germany, in connection
with the annulment of the Brest Peace Treaty and the withdrawal of
German occupation troops, the territory of the Belgorod region was
returned to the RSFSR and occupied by the Red Army. In June - early July
1919, the entire territory of the Belgorod region was occupied by the
Volunteer Army of Vladimir Mai-Maevsky (Belgorod - June 22-23) and
became part of the South of Russia, in the Kharkov region of the Armed
Forces of South Russia, formed on June 25. In December 1919, the First
Cavalry Army of S. Budyonny established Soviet power in the Belgorod
region (in Belgorod - December 7).
In the 1930s, collectivization
was carried out in the Belgorod region. In the 1930s, 40,000 residents
of the Belgorod region were repressed, of which 15,000 were executed.
In October - mid-November 1941, the current Belgorod region was
partially, and in July 1942 completely captured by German troops. In
January-February 1943, it was partially liberated.
On March 14,
1943, the Germans occupied Borisovka. By March 18, German Pz IV tanks
and Tigers of the Peiper group approached Belgorod. In the morning, the
Wisliceny battle group from the Deutschland regiment was already in the
suburbs. At 11:35 a.m., the "cleansing" of the city began, which was
completed by evening. Belgorod became the last large Soviet city
captured by the Germans during the Third Battle of Kharkov.
On
July 12, 1943, the famous Prokhorovka tank battle took place here during
the defensive phase of the Battle of Kursk. In memory of it, 40 km from
the southern face of the Fiery Arc on the Third Battlefield of Russia,
Prokhorovka, the Victory Monument - the Belfry was erected, and in the
village itself, the Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul was built
with public donations. These and a number of other objects are united in
the State Military-Historical Museum-Reserve "Prokhorovskoye Pole"
The region was completely liberated in August 1943.
During
the Great Patriotic War, 408 military hospitals were located on the
territory of the current region.
Within its current administrative-territorial borders, the Belgorod
Region was formed by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
of the USSR dated January 6, 1954. The region included: from the Kursk
region - the cities of Belgorod and Stary Oskol, Belgorodsky,
Belenikhinsky, Bobrovo-Dvorsky, Bolshe-Troitsky, Borisovsky,
Velikomikhailovsky, Volokonovsky, Grayvoronsky, Ivnyansky, Korochansky,
Krasnoyarsk, Mikoyanovsky, Novo-Oskolsky, Prokhorovsky, Rakityansky,
Sazhensky, Skorodnyansky, Staro-Oskolsky, Tomarovsky, Urazovsky,
Chernyansky and Shebekinsky districts; from the Voronezh region -
Alekseevsky, Budenovsky, Valuysky, Veydelevsky, Ladomirovsky,
Nikitovsky, Rovensky, Ukolovsky and Shatalovsky districts.
In
1986, the city of Belgorod region was exposed to radiation due to the
accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP). (The current List
of settlements located within the boundaries of radioactive
contamination zones due to the Chernobyl disaster has changed since
October 21, 2015).
From 1993 to 2020, the Belgorod Region was headed by Yevgeny
Savchenko, known for his extremely conservative position. Among his
high-profile decrees was an attempt to cancel Valentine's Day in 2010.
In 2011, the first experimental solar power plant in Russia appeared
on the Krapivinskiye Dvory farm in the Yakovlevsky District of the
Belgorod Region.
2022 — Mass murder at a training ground in the Belgorod Region.
The shelling of the city of Shebekino began in October 2022.
Explosion in Belgorod on April 20, 2023
In 2023, the war with
Ukraine spread to the Belgorod region. In May-June, the region is
subjected to massive shelling, in particular the Shebekinsky district.
On May 22, 2023, hostilities began in the Belgorod region, and on the
same day, a counter-terrorism operation was introduced. The Russian
Volunteer Corps and the Freedom of Russia Legion report raids in the
region and the capture of prisoners. The authorities are confused and
act incoherently.
Raid in Belgorod Oblast (May 2023)
Raid in
Belgorod Oblast (June 2023)
Belgorod shelling on July 3, 2022
Belgorod shelling on December 30, 2023
Belgorod shelling on February
15, 2024
Il-76 destruction in Belgorod Oblast
Raid in Belgorod and
Kursk Oblasts (March 2024)
Collapse of entrance in Belgorod on May
12, 2024
The authorities purchased armored film for windows for
schools and kindergartens. Medics were given helmets and bulletproof
vests. Public transport stops in Belgorod are fenced with foundation
blocks and sandbags.
The Belgorod Region is part of the Central Black Earth Economic
Region and the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. In
the south and west it borders on Luhansk
, Kharkov and Sumy regions
of Ukraine, in the north and north-west - with the Kursk region, in the
east - with the Voronezh region. The total length of its borders is
about 1150 km, of which with Ukraine - 540 km.
The area of the
region is 27.1 thousand km², the length from north to south is about 190
km, from west to east - about 270 km.
The climate is temperate, temperate continental, with rather mild winters with snowfalls and thaws and long summers. The average annual air temperature varies from +5.4 degrees in the north to +6.8 degrees in the southeast. The coldest month is January. The eastern and southeastern regions of the region are crossed in their average value by the Voeikov axis, which has a certain effect on the climate, especially in these regions. The frost-free period is 155-160 days, the duration of solar time is 1800 hours.
More than 40 percent of the explored iron ore reserves of the country
are concentrated in the region. The deposits belong to the Kursk
magnetic anomaly.
Large deposits of bauxites, apatites, mineral
underground waters (radon and medicinal table waters), numerous deposits
of building materials (chalk, sand, clay, etc.) have been identified and
explored to varying degrees. Manifestations of gold, graphite and rare
metals are known. There are geographic prerequisites for the discovery
of platinum, hydrocarbons and other minerals.
The territory of the Belgorod region belongs to the basins of two
seas: the Black (western part of the region) and the Azov (central and
eastern part of the region).
The region is classified as
low-water. This is due not only to the amount of precipitation, but also
to the relief of the region.
About 1% of its territory is
occupied by rivers, lakes, swamps. More than 480 small rivers and
streams flow here. The largest of them in the north-west are Seversky
Donets, Vorskla, Vorsklitsa, Psel, in the eastern regions - Oskol,
Silent Pine, Black Kalitva, Valuy. The total length of the river network
is 5000 km.
There are 1100 ponds and 4 reservoirs in the region.
The fauna of the Belgorod region is meadow-steppe. Calcophilic
zoocomplexes associated with Cretaceous sediments give the fauna a
special uniqueness. The fauna of the Belgorod region has, according to
various estimates, from 10 to 15 thousand species. The fauna of mammals
of the Belgorod region includes 68 species from 6 orders and 18
families, from the bottom 25 species from the order rodents, 14 species
from the order carnivores, 10 species from the order Chiroptera, 9
species from the order Insectivora, 7 species from the order
artiodactyls, 2 species from the order lagomorphs. There are about 279
species of birds, including 152 - nesting, the rest - migratory and
migrant.
About 10% of animal species are among those in need of
special protection; 269 species are included in the Red Book of the
Belgorod Region.
The vegetation cover of the region reflects the features of the
northern forest-steppe, which is characterized by alternation of forests
with meadow steppe.
It is represented by two types of vegetation:
zonal and extrazonal. Zonal vegetation is upland oak forests (221
species) and steppe meadows (211 species). Extrazonal vegetation is
meadows (232 species), species of shrubs and edges (161 species),
phytocenoses of chalk outcrops (93 species), and synanthropic
communities (192 species). In general, the flora of the region has 1284
species. The forest cover of the region is 8.6%. More than 800 hectares
of forests are classified as specially protected areas due to the growth
of rare plant species and animal habitats there, which are listed in the
Red Book.
According to the results of the All-Russian action of
the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation
"Alley of Russia" in 2014, the feather grass became a symbol of the
Belgorod Region.
Zonal soils are represented by chernozems (77% of the territory) and
gray forest soils (almost 15% of the territory).
The type of
chernozems is represented in the region by subtypes of podzolized,
leached, typical and ordinary chernozems. The first three subtypes are
characteristic of the forest-steppe part of the region.
The type
of gray forest soils is represented in the region by subtypes of dark
gray forest and light gray forest soils. Unlike chernozems, gray forest
soils in the Belgorod region are not distributed evenly, but in the form
of five large massifs confined to the places of concentration of large
forests and their environs.
Order of Lenin (January 4, 1967) - for the courage and steadfastness
shown by Belgorod residents in the defense of the Motherland during the
Great Patriotic War and for the successes achieved in the restoration
and development of the national economy;
The most environmentally
friendly region of Russia (2010).
In addition to public holidays of the Russian Federation, in the
Belgorod region, the following are celebrated at the official level:
January 6 - Day of formation of the Belgorod region;
January 9 -
Gorin's Day: the birthday of twice Hero of Socialist Labor Vasily
Yakovlevich Gorin;
July 12 - Day of Peter and Paul - Day of a tank
battle near the village of Prokhorovka;
July 17 - Day of Remembrance
of the builders of the railway "Stary Oskol - Rzhava";
August 5 - Day
of the liberation of Belgorod from Nazi invaders;
August 23 - Victory
Day of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk - Day of the liberation
of the Belgorod region from Nazi invaders;
September 19 - Memorial
Day of Joasaph of Belgorod;
October 14 - Flag Day of the Belgorod
Region.
City of military glory and the first salute Belgorod;
City of
military and labor glory Stary Oskol;
Prokhorovka field;
Belfry on
the Prokhorovsky field;
Kholkovsky Monastery;
Pan oak;
Kursk
magnetic anomaly;
Volleyball club "Belogorye"
State power in the Belgorod Region is exercised by the executive
authorities of the region, state bodies of the region, as well as
federal courts and federal executive authorities.
Bodies and
officials of the state power of the region are:
The Belgorod Regional
Duma is a legislative (representative) body of state power, 35 deputies,
the term of office of deputies is 5 years, is elected by the population
of the region;
The Governor of the Belgorod Region is the highest
official, the term of office is 5 years, is elected by the population,
is the Chairman of the Government of the Belgorod Region.
From
October 11, 1993 to September 17, 2020, Evgeny Savchenko was the
governor of the region. He was appointed to this position in 1993, was
re-elected in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2012, reappointed in 2007. In 1999,
one of the rivals of Yevgeny Savchenko in the elections was Vladimir
Zhirinovsky.
From September 17 to November 18, 2020, after the
departure of Yevgeny Savchenko from his post, Denis Butsaev was the
acting governor of the region (by position).
From November 18,
2020 to September 27, 2021 Vyacheslav Gladkov became the acting governor
of the region, on September 27, 2021 he becomes the governor.
The
Government of the Belgorod Region is the highest permanent collegial
body of executive power;
Executive authorities - departments,
commissions, administrations;
Territorial executive bodies of state
power.
The Belgorod region is an industrial and agricultural region, the
economy of which relies on the large reserves of iron ore of the KMA and
rich chernozems.
The price of the minimum set of products in
November 2014 in the region amounted to 2648 rubles. According to this
indicator, the Belgorod region took the fourth place in Russia. In
December 2016, this figure amounted to 3090 rubles - 5th place in terms
of cheapness in Russia. In December 2017, the cost of the minimum set of
products amounted to 3086.8 rubles - the second place in Russia.
Budget
Regional budget revenues for 2022 amounted to 133.2 billion
rubles, expenses - 156.8 billion rubles.
Industry
The most
developed industries of the Belgorod region are mechanical engineering,
mining, metallurgy, production of building materials, food industry. The
industrial production index of the region in 2021 amounted to 103.3%
compared to 2020.
Belgorod has an industrial park "Severny"
(located in the northern part of the city) with an area of more than 24
hectares. The industrial park is a joint project of the regional
government and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian
Federation. The park has nine residents.
Among the industrial
enterprises of the region, the largest are:
Stoilensky GOK;
Lebedinsky GOK;
OEMK;
Oskolsky plant of metallurgical engineering;
Wagon and wheel workshop;
Oskolcement;
Belgorod cement;
OAO SUM
TsMM - Specialized Department of Mechanization Tsentrometallurgmontazh;
Starooskolsky plant of metal structures "Stroymetallkom";
Stary Oskol
plastics plant "Oskolplast";
Efko is a company that manages several
enterprises in the oil and fat industry and is one of the three largest
companies in the Russian agro-industrial complex;
Slavyanka is a
group of companies that owns a confectionery factory in Stary Oskol.
Belgorodsk Khladokombinat - the company specializes in the production of
ice cream under the brand "Bodraya Cow".
Belogorye is a confectionery
factory.
CJSC Premix Plant No. 1 of the Prioskolie Group of Companies
is the only one in Russia and one of the ten largest lysine production
facilities in the world. "Premix Plant No. 1" was established in August
2005 and produces more than 17 thousand tons of premixes per year for
all types of animals, birds and fish. In 2012, a lysine production plant
began to be built here. The structure of the enterprise includes an
elevator with a capacity of 50 thousand tons of grain, a laboratory, a
mill, a starch and syrup production, production sites for the production
of glucose and lysine by microbiological synthesis. The area of the
plant is about 37 hectares. The total investment amounted to 7.5 billion
rubles. The high-tech lysine production project won the tender for a
subsidy of 275 million rubles. In 2014, the production of 57 thousand
tons of lysine per year was launched.
The Lux distillery is one of
the largest taxpayers in the region.
Land in the region is 2713.4 thousand hectares, more than 70% of
which are chernozems; per capita there are 1.43 hectares of agricultural
land, including 1.1 hectares of arable land. Natural forests and forest
plantations occupy 248.3 thousand hectares - 12.5% of the region's
territory. The total timber reserves are 34.3 million m³.
The
volume of agricultural production in 2020 amounted to 266.0 billion
rubles, of which livestock - 169.6 billion rubles, crop production -
96.4 billion rubles.
Agricultural organizations provide 85.9% of
the volume of production, 95.5% of livestock products and 69% of crop
production.
Animal husbandry
In 2020, all farms received
1,753.2 thousand tons of livestock and poultry for slaughter (100%).
These are 38.6 thousand tons of cattle (104.3%), 922.4 thousand tons of
pigs (102.9%), 789.4 thousand tons of poultry (96.7%); The Belgorod
region produces more pigs than any of the Russian federal districts.
As of January 1, 2021, farms of all categories kept 235.5 thousand heads
of cattle (99.7%), of which 93.6 thousand cows (96.4%), 4,553.6 thousand
pigs (100.2 %), 43,478.8 thousand birds (85.1%). The number of cattle in
the agricultural organizations of the region amounted to 176.4 thousand
heads (99.9%), including 69.2 thousand cows (96.4%).
In 2020,
with a gross production of 685 thousand tons of milk, the Belgorod
Region was in the TOP-15 largest milk producers in Russia. The average
milk yield per cow in 2020 was estimated at 8,000 kg - the eighth result
in Russia.
Crop production
In farms of all categories of the
region in 2020, according to the final data of Rosstat, 3,907.6 thousand
tons of grain and leguminous crops were received in weight after
completion (in 2019 - 3,473.1 thousand tons), with an average yield of
53, 1 c/ha (4,038.5 thousand tons with an average yield of 55.3 c/ha in
bunker weight) This is a record gross harvest and yield for the region.
The Belgorod region ranks 4th in the Russian Federation in terms of
grain and leguminous crops in general and wheat in particular. 462.4
thousand tons of sunflower (475.3 thousand tons), 1,788.4 thousand tons
of sugar beet (2,796.5 thousand tons) were grown. 337.7 thousand tons of
potatoes (395.0 thousand tons), 264.2 thousand tons of open and
protected ground vegetables (250.3 thousand tons) were harvested. 732.5
thousand hectares were allocated for grain and leguminous crops.
The Belgorod Region was in the TOP-5 of the constituent entities of the
Russian Federation in terms of the yield of most cultivated crops, with
the exception of soybeans, the yield of which in 2021 was in sixth
place.
The Belgorod region, together with the Bryansk region, has
occupied the first or second place in terms of sunflower yield over the
past years. With an average yield in Russia in 2020 of only 17.4 c/ha,
the yield in the Belgorod region was 31.8 c/ha, in 2019 - 34.55 c/ha.
As of December 2020, 13 power plants with a total capacity of 255.3
MW were operating in the Belgorod Region, including one wind farm, one
solar power plant, two biogas power plants and nine thermal power
plants. In 2019, they produced 829.2 million kWh of electricity.
In the rating of the Center for Economic Research, the region in the
first quarter of 2011 ranked 70th in Russia in terms of energy
sufficiency, the electricity deficit exceeded 6 billion kWh.
In
October 2014, almost 1.3 billion kWh of electricity was consumed in the
Belgorod Region, and over 12 billion kWh of electricity in ten months
since the beginning of the year. The growth of energy consumption was
recorded in comparison with January-October 2013 and is 0.4%.
In
2014, the Belgorod Region was among the winners of the federal
competition and received almost 85 million rubles from the state budget
to support and develop the best projects aimed at improving the energy
efficiency of enterprises.
In 2014, about a thousand kilometers
of power transmission lines were built and reconstructed in the region -
in Novy Oskol, Maslova Pristan, Komsomolsky, Wet Orlovka, Afanasovo and
other settlements. In cities, towns and villages, more than 15 thousand
obsolete lamps were replaced with energy-efficient ones, the number of
the first ones was increased to 97% in the power grid complex of the
region. Also, two large power supply centers were put into operation -
the Kreida and Nezhegol substations. The first one provides electricity
to industrial and household consumers of the regional center, and the
second one supplies electricity to the plant for the production of
lysine sulfate in the Shebekinsky district.
The main suppliers of
electricity to the Belgorod region are the Kursk and Voronezh regions,
Rosenergoatom Concern JSC.
In 2015, the electricity deficit in
the Belgorod Region amounted to 14,148.7 million kWh.
The Department of Construction and Transport of the Belgorod Region
within the framework focuses on the following areas of development in
terms of construction and improvement:
"New Life" - providing
housing for young professionals;
"Proper operation of buildings" -
organization of the system of operation of buildings and structures;
"BIM-technologies" - the introduction of a computer-aided design system;
"Clean construction" - an aesthetic view of construction sites in the
region;
Comprehensive modernization of entrance groups (entrances) of
apartment buildings;
Reforming the system of control and supervision
in the field of shared construction;
Introduction of a single
standard form of the state (municipal) contract, methodology for its
application, expansion of the scope of banking support for contracts;
Bringing advertising structures and signs on the facades of buildings in
line with architectural standards;
Overhaul of polyclinics of the
central district hospitals of the Belgorod region;
Construction and
modernization of cultural facilities in the municipalities of the
Belgorod region;
Conducting state examination of project
documentation in electronic form;
Creation of local public centers on
the basis of pedestrian accessibility stores in the microdistricts of
IZHS in the Belgorod Region;
Landscaping microdistricts IZHS Belgorod
region.
In January-November 2014, 1.2 million m² of housing was put
into operation in the Belgorod region, which amounted to 111.1% of the
level of commissioning in the same period last year. Three quarters of
all built housing (918.4 thousand m²) falls on individual housing
construction. The volume of commissioning of individual housing in
January-November increased by 5%. At the same time, almost half of all
low-rise housing is being commissioned in the Belgorod region. Every
eighth house in the region is built in Belgorod.
The Belgorod region is crossed by railways and highways of international importance connecting Moscow and other Russian regions with Ukraine, including the M-2 Crimea federal highway and the Moscow-Kharkov-Sevastopol railway. The operational length of public railways is 694.6 km, the length of paved roads (including departmental ones) is 8.5 thousand km, or 87.7% of the total length. In 2017, a railway line was built to bypass Ukraine through the territory of the Voronezh and Rostov regions. Also in the Belgorod region there is one of the few suburban trolleybus lines in Russia with a length of 34 km, passing along the federal highway "Crimea" and connecting the administrative center of the region with the village of Maisky, but traffic along it was stopped for economic reasons.
The following educational institutions of higher professional
education are located in the Belgorod region:
NRU "BelSU",
Belgorod;
BSTU named after V. G. Shukhov, Belgorod;
Starooskolsky
Technological Institute. A. A. Ugarova (member of NUST MISIS), Stary
Oskol;
Belgorod State Agrarian University, Belgorod;
BUKEP,
Belgorod;
FGBOU VPO "Moscow State Open University"; Gubkin Institute
(branch), Gubkin;
BGIIK, Belgorod.
The Belgorod region is one of
15 regions in which since September 1, 2006 the subject "Fundamentals of
Orthodox Culture" has been introduced as a regional component of
education.
Belfry on the Prokhorovsky field;
Pansky oak - 550-year-old oak in
the Shebekinsky district;
State Nature Reserve "Belogorye";
Balka
Kamenny Log;
Kholkovsky underground monastery in Chernyansky
district;
The village of Vatutino (birthplace of N. F. Vatutin);
The village of Khvorostyanka (the family estate of N. N. Raevsky);
Krapivensky hillfort - the hillfort of one of the largest cities of
Kievan Rus;
Dmitrievskoe settlement - settlement of the Alans of the
VIII-IX centuries;
Trading rows in Biryucha;
Museum-diorama “Kursk
Bulge. Belgorod direction";
Belgorod Museum of Folk Culture;
Shebekinsky Museum of History and Art with a collection of paintings by
famous artists of the 19th-20th centuries;
Barkov Mill - a six-story
wooden mill in the village. Novoivanovka Volokonovsky district;
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in Gubkin.
Semyon Ivanovich Chaikin (1919-2005) — geologist, winner of the USSR
State Prize and the Lenin Prize, was awarded the Order of Lenin, as well
as the medal "For Services to the Belgorod Land" of the 1st degree, a
street in the Vostochny microdistrict of Belgorod is named after him;
Sergey Tetyukhin (born 1975) — Russian volleyball player, outside
hitter, player of the Russian national team in 1996-2009 and 2011-2012,
winner of four Olympic medals, champion of the XXX Olympic Games in
London, Honored Master of Sports of Russia.