/44379540635_599073c08f_z.jpg)
Tolyatti (until 1964, Σταυρούπολη, Stavropol - literally: City of
the cross) a city of regional significance, forms a municipal
formation of the city district of Tolyatti with a single settlement
in its composition. It is part of the Samara-Tolyatti agglomeration.
Located on the left bank of the Volga, opposite the Zhiguli.
Population: 699,429 (2020); the largest city in Russia, which is not
the center of a federal subject. In terms of population, it ranks
19th in Russia.
Founded in 1737 by Vasily Tatishchev as a
fortress city of Stavropol to protect Russian lands from nomads, as
well as to resettle the baptized Kalmyks. In the 19th and early 20th
centuries, it was known in Russia as an accessible climatic health
resort and kumis hospital. In 1953-1955 it was moved to a higher
place, since during the creation of the Kuibyshev reservoir, the
former city was flooded. Since 1964, it has been named after the
Italian communist Palmiro Togliatti. In the 1970s, there was a sharp
increase in population due to the construction of the VAZ, which is
still a city-forming enterprise today.
A large center of the
automotive (AvtoVAZ, GM-AvtoVAZ) and chemical industries
(Togliattiazot, Kuibyshevazot, Togliattikauchuk), as well as
railway, river and road transport (the M5 E30 AH6 highway crosses
the Volga along the Zhigulevskaya HPP dam and passes through the
city for 2 km). The nearest airport is Kurumoch. The city stretches
along the Volga River for about 30 km and consists of three
districts: Avtozavodsky, Central and Komsomolsky.
Tolyatti
has five higher educational institutions, the oldest of which is
Togliatti State University. Several research institutes operate.
There are museums, theaters, a city symphony orchestra, a
conservatory, and a philharmonic society. City Day is celebrated on
the first Sunday in June. The Grushinsky festival is held annually
in the vicinity of the city, gathering hundreds of thousands of
participants.
There are proposals to join the satellite city
of Zhigulevsk to Togliatti (despite the negative attitude in the
latter), as well as part of the Stavropol district of the Samara
region.
By plane
Kurumoch International Airport (KUF UWWW SKCh) is located
50 km from Tolyatti. You can get to the city from the airport by bus
route 652 Samara-Kurumoch-Tolyatti or by taxi, and it will be cheaper to
call a taxi from Tolyatti by phone than to bargain with taxi drivers "on
duty" directly at the airport.
By train
Train 065/066
Moscow-Togliatti and 667/668
Saratov-Togliatti. Trailer cars for some
trains (for example, from Adler and
St. Petersburg) Electric trains from
Syzran and Samara. Transit trains through Tolyatti run rarely and do not
reach the station, located at a dead end. Check the train schedule on
the website rzd.ru, Zhigulevskoye More station.
Railway station
of the city of Tolyatti, st. Vokzalnaya, 38 (Avtozavodsky district). ☎
8(800)375-00-00.
Zhiguli sea, st. Zheleznodorozhnaya, 8 (Komsomolsky
district, settlement Zhiguli sea). ☎ 8(800) 775-00-00. Many electric
trains come to this station, some passing trains stop. If you are
looking for, but do not find a suitable train to Tolyatti, look at
trains to the Zhiguli Sea station.
By car
Federal highway M5
"Ural" Moscow-Chelyabinsk (E30, AH6).
The highway connecting the
cities of Dimitrovgrad and the city of Togliatti.
By bus
Bus
routes to all nearest regional centers. Suburban network.
Please
note that buses to Togliatti often indicate exactly where it is going -
to the "old city" or to the "new city", because the city has two main
bus stations - and they are located far from each other, and besides
them there is also a small bus station on the Zhiguli Sea. So, in order
to avoid unpleasant surprises, specify which Togliatti bus station your
bus arrives at.
Bus station in the "new city", st. Revolutionary,
26 (Avtozavodsky district, 1st quarter).
Bus station in the "old
town", st. Motherland, 1 (Central district). ☎ +7(8482) 28-00-96,
28-00-87. daily, 06:00-21:00.
Bus station on the "Zhigulevskoe Sea"
(Zhigmor), Togliatti, the village of Zhiguliovskoye Sea, Kuibyshev St.,
17 A (Komsomolsky district). ☎ +7(8482)97-54-44,.
On the ship
Passenger river transport arriving at the river port of Togliatti
Within the city there is an extensive network of public transport: buses, trolleybuses, fixed-route taxis. Taxi services are developed at affordable prices with a gradation of trips within the area and between them. Please note that taxis may charge extra for luggage.
Science and Technology Museum in Tolyatti (Park complex of the
history of technology named after K. G. Sakharov) , Yuzhnoe shosse, 137
(near JSC AvtoVAZ, reference point is the STC skyscraper, drive a little
bit along the Yuzhnoye shosse and turn left onto the road - understudy).
✉ ☎ +7 (8482) 94-00-59. 9:00–20:00. 250 rubles. In the open air there is
a huge exposition of military and civilian equipment: artillery,
aircraft, helicopters, tractors, steam locomotives, radar stations and
even a real B-307 submarine. There are interactive areas and the
opportunity to take a selfie in the cockpit of a fighter-bomber (for an
additional fee).
Monument to V. N. Tatishchev.
Vasily Nikitich
Tatishchev is considered the founder of the city of Stavropol (on the
Volga), from which the modern city of Togliatti grew.
Transfiguration Cathedral. Wikidata element One of the largest Orthodox
churches in the Volga region - it can accommodate about 3,000 people,
the height of the main cross is 62 meters. Inside the temple is
illuminated by thirteen chandeliers, the largest of which has seven
tiers and a height of about ten meters. The temple was built in 2002.
Sculptures "History of transport". A group of three monumental
decorative and sculptural compositions in the city of Tolyatti. The
compositions are stylized figures of transport vehicles of the early
20th century: a paddle steamer, a steam locomotive, and a hot air
balloon.
Monument of Devotion (Monument to the Faithful Dog)
(block 21, at the intersection of the Southern Highway and Lev Yashin
Street). The bronze shepherd looks at the road, as the dog who lost his
owners in a car accident has looked for many years. The locals gave him
the nickname Kostik, Konstantin (“constans” in Latin “permanent,
persistent”), and after the death of the dog they immortalized his
memory. The author of the sculpture, installed in 2003, is Oleg Klyuev.
Embankment of the Volga River.
Building ensemble of Shlyuzovoy
settlement. Built in the 1950s, the area on the banks of the navigable
canal of the Volga hydroelectric power station (Nosova, Krylova,
Nikonova streets, as well as the building at Shluzovaya, 3a) gives an
idea of Stavropol as it was before Tolyatti. The architectural style
is Soviet classicism, Stalinist Empire, but already “no frills”.
Attend concerts of the Youth Symphony Orchestra of the Volga Region
(an orchestra of young musicians from Russia and abroad gathers for
sessions, as a rule, once a year in August. Performances are held both
in halls and in open areas).
Museum of Local Lore, Lenin Boulevard,
22 (Central District). ☎ (8482) 48-55-62. Tue-Sun 10.00-18.00, Wednesday
10.00-21.00, Mon - day off, last Friday - Sunday. On the last Wednesday
of the month, visitors under the age of 18 are admitted free of charge.
Togliatti Art Museum (Togliatti Art Gallery) , Lenin Boulevard, 22,
right wing (Central District). The opening hours are different in
winter, summer and depend on the day of the week. It is better to check
on the website or by phone.. The first Wednesday of each month is a day
of free admission for students under 18 years old. University students
receive benefits upon presentation of a student card. Collections of
contemporary art of the XX-XXI centuries.
Theater "Wheel", st.
Leningradskaya, 31 (Central district). ☎ +7 (8482) 28-15-92. Nice drama
theatre.
Youth Theater "Stagecoach", st. Stepan Razin, 93
(Avtozavodsky district). ☎ 34-53-72, 34-09-80, 32-42-03.
Puppet
theater "Pilgrim", Freedom Square, 2. ☎ +7 (8482) 55-85-28.
Togliatti
Philharmonic, st. Victory, 42 (Central district). ☎ +7(8482)222-600,
(8482)26-20-81.
Ice Palace "Lada Arena", st. Botanicheskaya, 20
(Avtozavodsky district). Hockey matches and some show programs.
Victory Park, st. Yubileinaya, Primorsky Boulevard, st. Frunze, st.
Revolutionary.
Park of Culture and Leisure (Central Park), st. Mira
(in the Central region).
Park of Culture and Leisure of the
Komsomolsky District, st. Lisa Chaikina, 36.
Children's park in the
Avtozavodsky district, 3rd quarter, st. Frunze (between the 6th and 7th
quarters).
Commercial recreation park "Morskoy", Lesoparkovoe
highway, 69. More like a camp site than a park. In the green zone, on
the banks of the Volga.
It was founded in 1737 as a fortified point on the banks of the Volga and initially received the name Stavropol (from the Greek Σταυρούπολη, literally “city of the cross”), in 1780 it received the status of a city. In a number of sources it is referred to as Stavropol-on-Volga to distinguish it from Stavropol, located in Ciscaucasia. In 1964 it was renamed Togliatti in memory of Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party.
Tolyatti is located in the middle reaches of the Volga River on its
left bank, 70 km upstream from Samara. The city is located within the
steppe plateau, on the left bank of the Kuibyshev reservoir to the north
of the Samarskaya Luka in the territory with coordinates 53°28'
(Kopylovo peninsula) - 53°35' (industrial zone of the Avtozavodsky
district) of northern latitude (about 17.5 km) and 49 °12' (industrial
zone of the Avtozavodsky district) - 49°54' (Povolzhsky microdistrict)
east longitude (about 39 km). The total length of the city's borders is
149 km, on which it borders on the Stavropol district of the Samara
region and the city of Zhigulevsky.
The southern border of the
city adjoins the dam section of the Kuibyshev reservoir. Agricultural
fields are located to the north and west of the city. To the east, as
well as in the center of the city, there are forested areas. On the
opposite bank of the Volga are the city of Zhigulevsk and the Zhiguli
Mountains.
The city is located directly on the border of three
physical-geographical regions: Samarskaya Luka, Melekessky lowland
Trans-Volga region and forest-steppe Trans-Volga region - very different
from each other in terms of relief, flora, fauna, and farming. However,
all areas largely fall within the zone of influence of such a large city
as Togliatti.
The area of the city territory is 31479 hectares.
The boundaries of the city include: residential areas with an area of
5270 hectares (16.7%); industrial-municipal-warehouse zones - 5532
hectares (17.6%); the territory of external transport - 1032 hectares
(3.3%); urban forests - 8042 ha (25.5%); agricultural land - 724 ha
(2.3%).
All three administrative districts of the city are
stretched along the Volga for 40 kilometers. The distance between the
Central and Komsomolsk districts is 5-7 kilometers, between the Central
and Avtozavodsk districts - about 3 kilometers. The districts of the
city are divided among themselves by forests. In terms of area, the
districts of the city differ little from each other: Avtozavodsky
district accounts for 36% of the city territory, Central and Komsomolsky
for 32% each.
Tolyatti is located in the MSK+1 time zone. The offset of the
applicable time from UTC is +4:00. Historically, for a long time,
Tolyatti, like the entire Samara region, was in a separate Samara time
zone, with the exception of a short period in the Soviet years (from
1990 to 1991), when, as an experiment, the Kuibyshev region (now the
Samara region) was transferred to Moscow time, however, this experiment
was considered unsuccessful and the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR
returned the Samara time again.
On March 28, 2010, at the
initiative of the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev, the region
switched to Moscow time, but from October 26, 2014 Samara time was
returned. The difference between Tolyatti and Moscow was again plus one
hour.
Togliatti has a temperate continental climate with hot summers and
cold winters. However, it is noticeably softened by the Kuibyshev
reservoir, which directly affects the territories at a distance of 1–3
km (Komsomolsky and Avtozavodsky districts of the city, Central district
only in the Port settlement area). The peculiarities of the planning of
the city, which consists of isolated areas separated by forests,
significantly affect the climate. The influence of the relief on the
microclimate is insignificant due to its weak expression.
The
average temperature in January is −10.6 °C, the average temperature in
July is +20.9 °C. The absolute maximum temperature was recorded on
August 2, 2010 and equaled +40.5 °C. The previous record was +39°C (July
1984). All-time low -43.4°C (January 1, 1979). The average annual
temperature is +5.1 °C. The difference between the temperature in the
city and in the surrounding areas is on average 1.2 °C in summer and 4.5
°C in winter
The number of sunny hours (days) in a year is 2113
hours (285 days).
The time of freezing on the water bodies of the
city is November, December. The ice breaking time is the beginning of
April. The duration of the period with permanent snow cover is 143 days.
The average snow depth reaches 33 centimeters, the record was the winter
of 1975-1976, when the thickness of the snow cover reached 88 cm. Frosts
are possible until mid-May.
The average amount of precipitation
is 492 mm per year, of which one third falls on the cold season. Large
fluctuations in annual (from 355 mm in 1965 to 615 mm in 1966) and
monthly totals of precipitation, frequent dry periods, and droughts are
characteristic. All this makes it possible to classify the territory of
the city as a zone of risky agriculture. Also, as with the temperature
regime, there is a difference between precipitation directly in urban
areas and in the surrounding areas. In the city, due to atmospheric
pollution, fogs are twice as common as in the surrounding area, the
precipitation level is 20-30 mm higher, but the relative and absolute
humidity is 5-10% lower (the precipitated moisture evaporates faster
from the asphalt or is removed by storm sewers). In general, air
humidity in Togliatti is 80-85% in winter and 55-70% in the warm season.
The wind rose of the city is characterized as follows: in the cold
period of the year, winds from the south and south-west directions
prevail, in the warm season - from the west and north-west. The average
annual wind speed is about 3.9 m/s. Average monthly wind speeds vary
from 3.2-3.5 m/s (June-August) to 4.6 m/s (October). The average annual
frequency of calm is 13%, winds up to 1 m/sec. - 27%, and the frequency
of winds of 7 m/s and above is 5%.
The relief of the urban area is determined by the location of the
city in the Middle Trans-Volga region (part of the Russian Plain).
According to the tectonic scheme, Tolyatti is located within the
Stavropol depression, according to the structural and tectonic feature,
in accordance with the scheme of regional engineering and geological
zoning of the Russian platform, the territory under consideration is
included within the Ural anteclise.
A series of accumulative
terraces formed on the left bank of the Volga in the Quaternary. The
number of allocated terraces and the age of some of them remain
debatable. Terraces I and II above the floodplain are flooded by the
Kuibyshev reservoir. Terrace III above the floodplain is poorly
expressed in the relief; it is conditionally noted in the southern part
of the Komsomolsk region. Basically, the city is located on the surface
of the IV (Khazar) and V (Baku) floodplain terraces. The fourth terrace
above the floodplain, 12-15 km wide, is relatively flat with a slope
towards the Volga, composed of loams, clays, and sands. In the area of
the reservoir, the coastal slope is heavily indented by ravines. The
fifth terrace above the floodplain stretches along the Volga in a strip
up to 30 km wide. It is composed mainly of sandy-sandy deposits, with
interlayers of loams.
On the territory of Togliatti there were a
number of small deposits of building sands and brick loams, a number of
which were being developed; they were taken off balance as a result of
development.
In hydrogeological terms, the city is characterized by the presence
of the main aquifer, composed of water-saturated clay-sand rocks, which
is replenished due to filtration from the surface, as well as reverse
filtration from the reservoir. The depth of groundwater in the
Avtozavodsky district is 15-35 m, in the Central - about 45 m,
Komsomolsky - 10-20 m. groundwater breaks through.
Of the surface
water resources, the life of the city is influenced by the Kuibyshev and
Saratov reservoirs. In the north-eastern part of the Komsomolsky
district, there are Vasilyevsky lakes, which are the oxbow lake of the
Volga, serving as a resting place for citizens.
For a long time it was believed that the Middle Volga region, as part
of the Russian Plain, was not subject to seismic vibrations. However,
after the residents of Samara, Tolyatti and a number of other cities
felt the tremors several times, a number of studies were carried out.
It turned out that the left bank of the Volga in the Togliatti
region annually falls by 4 millimeters, while the right bank, on the
contrary, rises by two. This is due to the fact that the Zhiguli fault
passes through the territory of the Samara region along the Volga. It
does not reach the surface, it is covered from above by a sedimentary
cover, a layer of tectonic rocks, but in the depths it passes to the
mantle. At the fault site, gases are released from the bowels - helium
and radon, which leads to the appearance of so-called gas anomalies
along the entire length of the fault. In addition, in this area, the top
of the mantle is 60-80 km closer to the surface of the planet than in
other places, which is why the temperature of the deep interior in the
region is higher than everywhere else - about 1400 ° C.
Elevated
temperature and gas flows from the bowels gradually reduce the density
of the earth's rock. A number of technogenic factors also have their
influence on the seismological situation in the Togliatti region:
several mineral deposits are being quarryed in the vicinity;
the huge
reserves of water accumulated in the Kuibyshev reservoir put pressure on
the rock with their mass, compacting the upper layers of loose rocks;
spring discharge of water at the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric power
station also has a very negative effect on the strength of the soil and
buildings in the area. In addition, several years of observation suggest
that it is the flood discharge that is the cause of the appearance of
cracks in the foundations of residential buildings in the Komsomolsk
region.
The combination of these facts led to the fact that,
according to the latest maps of seismic activity in Russia, its level in
the Middle Volga region was increased compared to most territories in
the rest of the European part of Russia.
According to scientists,
the frequency of an earthquake with a magnitude of more than 6 points on
the Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik scale (MSK-64) for Tolyatti is on average
once in 1000 years and once in 5000 years for an earthquake with a
magnitude of more than 7 points.
During the survey, it was
determined that the tremors recorded in the region in 1895, 1914, 2000
were not the result of local seismic activity, but were an echo of
strong earthquakes in Asia and the Caucasus, which reached the region
with the help of Love waves. There are no up-to-date data on local
seismic activity: according to the results of short-term observations,
it turned out to be insignificant, but very regular (for the period from
1993 to 1996, 43 local earthquakes, not exceeding three points, were
recorded in the region). Near Togliatti (on the territory of Samarskaya
Luka), seismic surveys were carried out by the staff of VO IGiRGI from
2001 to 2008. During their research, they recorded about a hundred local
earthquakes of low intensity, with 41 in 2008.
Togliatti is located on the border of the forest-steppe zone and
coniferous-deciduous forests. All three districts of the city are
surrounded by forests, mostly pine in the west, oak, aspen, birch,
linden in the south. There is not a single planted tree in the
Komsomolsky district in the recreation park.
In 1978, the
All-Union State Design and Survey Institute of Forestry
"Soyuzgiproleskhoz" developed a scheme for the green zone of Togliatti.
The area of forested areas of the city in 2005 was 8042 hectares,
which is approximately 25% of the total area of the city. The forest
areas of the city of Togliatti and the suburban area are located on deep
loose sandy soils of alluvial-alluvial origin and belong to the forests
of the first group of soil protection and water protection. Forest
Quarter No. 2 with an area of 167 hectares is classified as a natural
monument.
The area of green spaces in the private sector of the
city is very large and amounts to approximately 3,000 hectares. And
although during the construction, special attention was paid to the
greening of the city: a special construction department was created,
which planted green spaces strictly according to a scientifically based
project and controlled the planting and care of each tree and bush, the
area of green spaces for general use in the immediate residential area
is only 755 hectares. The oldest plantings are already in need of
replacement (in the Central region there are more than 70% of the
total).
Moose, wild boars, roe deer, hares, foxes, dozens of
species of birds, fish and insects are found on the territory of the
Stavropol region surrounding the city; unique, nowhere else found plants
grow in the Zhiguli Mountains: Volga carnation, Zhiguli spurge, Zhiguli
thyme (lat. Thymus zheguliensis ) and dozens of others.
Due to
the peculiarities of the geological history and peculiar soil and
climatic conditions in the Zhiguli Mountains, unusual natural
communities have formed, including not only forest-steppe, but also
taiga, steppe, and Asian species of plants and animals. To preserve such
a unique biocomplex, the Zhiguli Reserve and the National Park were
created, which in 2006 were included by UNESCO in the Middle Volga
Integrated Biosphere Reserve.
The city was founded in 1737 by Vasily Tatishchev as a fortress city
of Stavropol to protect Russian lands from nomadic raids and
resettlement of baptized Kalmyks. On June 20, 1737, Empress Anna
Ioannovna granted a charter to the baptized Kalmyk princess Anna
Taishina, in which the founding of the city was recorded. From this
date, the history of the city begins.
In 1744-1780 he was part of
the Orenburg province.
For a hundred years from the beginning of
the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century, the population of the
city practically did not change: a little more than 6 thousand people
lived in the city. For that time, Stavropol was a medium-sized city.
More than 250 thousand people lived in the adjacent Stavropol district.
There was one zemstvo hospital, 6 educational institutions, 2 hotels, 6
factories and factories, 1 water and 4 windmills. Due to economic
insignificance in 1924, Stavropol was transformed into a rural
settlement. Only in 1946 Stavropol was returned the status of a city.
By the beginning of the 1950s, the city had 12,000 inhabitants.
On August 21, 1950, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the
USSR on the construction of a hydroelectric complex on the Volga River
was published. During the construction of the Zhigulevskaya
hydroelectric power station, Stavropol fell into the flood zone of the
Kuibyshev reservoir and in 1953-1955 was almost completely transferred
to a new location.
After that, the rapid growth of the city
began: 10 km east of the old city, the working settlement of Komsomolsk
was built, and 4 km from it down the Volga - the village of Shlyuzovoy.
Both settlements later became part of the new Stavropol. In 1957, the
construction of the Volga Hydroelectric Power Station named after V.I.
V. I. Lenin, the Volgotsemmash plant, an electrical engineering plant,
chemical enterprises were built: synthetic rubber plants, KuibyshevAzot
and KuibyshevPhosphorus.
On August 28, 1964, the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decided: to rename the city of Stavropol in
the Kuibyshev region to the city of Togliatti to perpetuate the memory
of Palmiro Togliatti, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the
Italian Communist Party, who died on August 21 of the same year, who,
however, had nothing to do with the city.
In 1966, together with
the Italian automaker FIAT, the construction of the Volga Automobile
Plant, the largest in the USSR, for the production of passenger cars
began in the city. In parallel with the construction of the plant, a new
residential area of Tolyatti, Avtozavodsky, was being built. From 1964
to 1970, the urban population more than doubled; according to the 1970
census, 251,000 people already lived in Togliatti.
On December
30, 1987, the city received the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for the
successes achieved by the working people of the city in economic and
cultural construction, and in connection with the 250th anniversary of
its founding.
In 1996, a city-wide referendum was held on the
issue of returning the historical name to the city. And although it was
declared invalid, since less than 50% of the townspeople who had the
right to vote came, more than 70% of the townspeople who came to vote
supported the preservation of the name of Togliatti. Also, there were
practically no renaming of the streets of the city. However, the issue
of renaming both the city and individual streets is periodically raised
by various public organizations, although, according to public opinion
polls, only 4% of citizens now consider it important to return the
historical name to the city.
Very often there is a statement that
the city before its renaming was called Stavropol-on-Volga. However,
this opinion is erroneous. In 1777, another city was founded in the
North Caucasus, which then bore the name of Stavropol-Kavkazsky. By
analogy, a clarifying definition appeared in the Volga Stavropol,
however, this name has never been official[60]. There is another version
of the name: Stavropol-Volzhsky.
According to the data of the 2020 All-Russian Population Census, as
of October 1, 2021, in terms of population, the city was in 19th place
out of 1,117 cities in the Russian Federation, ranking first in terms of
population among cities that are not regional centers.
Avtozavodsky district of the city is the largest district in the Volga
region in terms of population (422,099, Komsomolsky district - 118.3
thousand people, Central - 159.8 thousand people).
According to
Samarastat, at the beginning of January 2019, the population of the city
decreased by 5 thousand people and is 702.7 thousand people.
For
a long time of the existence of the city, the permanent population did
not exceed 10 thousand people. So by the beginning of the 20th century,
the population of Stavropol was 5974 people. In 1920, the city's
population was 10,332 (5,689 women and 4,643 men). Compared to 1897, the
increase was 73.1%. However, the civil war and famine of 1921-1922.
influenced the fact that the population in the 1920s not only did not
increase, but also decreased. For three years - from 1920 to 1923. the
population of Stavropol decreased by more than 4.5 thousand inhabitants.
Men 45.8%. Women 54.2%. The average age of residents is 39.6 years.
The city was originally founded as a resettlement center for baptized
Kalmyks. Since then, the growth in the number of citizens has always
been mainly due to the mechanical increase in population, even when the
rate of natural increase exceeded that in other cities of the country.
So in 1959, the natural increase was 20.2 ‰, and the mechanical 89.9 ‰,
in 1970, respectively, 16.4 ‰ and 117.4 ‰, in 1999, the natural growth
was generally negative (-1.4 ‰) , but due to the mechanical (5.4 ‰) the
city continued to grow. This migration flow has given Togliatti a fairly
favorable population structure, with a high share of the working-age
population (see the Indicators section below).
Quite a lot of
people from the village live in the city. So, among those who moved to
Tolyatti from the Samara region, the share of villagers is 26%, and in
some years more than half of the migrants accounted for the villagers
(57% in 1972). However, the number of people who came from large cities
is also significant: the factories under construction required a large
number of qualified personnel who came from large educational centers.
This phenomenon largely determined the division of the city's population
into two main groups, which differ greatly from each other in worldview,
behavior, and participation in the cultural life of the city. Thus, the
mayor's office of the city conducted a survey on participation in the
development of a strategic plan for the development of the city. The
greatest readiness for specific actions was expressed by young students
(41% of those surveyed in this category), among people from large
cities, this turned out to be 32%. And among the natives of rural areas,
72% did not express any interest in the work, motivating the refusal by
a lack of knowledge and information, as well as disbelief in the
possibility of implementing this plan.
For every fifth city
dweller, the word "Tolyatti" is associated with a plant, and the city
itself is perceived as an appendage to the plant. Experts explain this
phenomenon by the lack of involvement in the urban lifestyle and the
insufficient rootedness of the population.
Most of the population
of modern Togliatti has historically been closely associated with
production at AvtoVAZ and its suppliers. The crisis that erupted in the
Russian automotive industry in the 2000-2010s and large-scale cuts at
AvtoVAZ led to a difficult socio-economic situation in the city: in
2014-2015, the number of unemployed in the city increased by 3 times,
the migration outflow of the population amounted to 7 2,000 people in
2015 alone, and another 31% of residents expressed a desire to leave the
city.
As of the beginning of April 2010, 20,000 unemployed were officially
registered in the city's employment center. According to this indicator,
Togliatti ranks second in the region.
By sectors of the economy,
the main share of the unemployed was distributed as follows:
from
industry - 41.0%;
trade and catering - 21.2%;
transport and
communications - 8.6%;
construction - 7.1%;
general commercial
activity - 3.7%;
education - 3.4%.
The real possibilities of
the economy in providing employment for the population are very limited.
If at the end of 2008 1.5 unemployed citizens applied for 1 permanent
position, then at the end of 2009 the load on 1 permanent position
increased to 11.8 people.
The lowest value of the unemployment
rate over the past few years was recorded in April 2007, when its rate
was 0.56% or 2600 people. According to the results of the first half of
2007, according to the calculations of the Ministry of Economic
Development of the Samara Region, the average monthly salary in large
and medium-sized organizations amounted to 13,165.3 rubles, which is the
maximum value for the region, but lower than the figure for the whole
country (13,810 rubles). .
According to the 1897 census, representatives of different
nationalities lived in Stavropol, most of which were: Russians - 5667
people. (94.86%), Tatars - 107 (1.79%), Mordvins - 97 people. (1.62%),
Ukrainians - 37 (0.7%), Jews - 24, Chuvashs - 12, Germans - 12, Poles -
7, Bashkirs - 1, other nationalities - 5 people.
In 1920, the
national composition of the Stavropol residents was as follows: Russians
- 9897 people. (95.79%), Poles - 118 people. (1.14%), Tatars - 97
people. (0.94%), Jews - 54 people. (0.52%). In addition, Ukrainians,
Belarusians, Latvians, Estonians, Germans and representatives of other
nationalities lived in the city, 4 Finns, 5 Koreans and even 1 Swede
lived in the city.
According to the All-Russian population census
of 2010, 104 nationalities live in the city of Togliatti:
Russians -
597,141 (86.15%);
Tatars - 28,631 (4.13%);
Ukrainians - 14,286
(2.06%);
Mordva - 12,356 (1.78%);
Chuvash - 11,216 (1.62%);
Azerbaijanis - 4854 (0.7%);
Armenians - 4417 (0.64%);
Uzbeks -
3278 (0.47%);
Belarusians - 3104 (0.45%);
Tajiks - 2095 (0.3%);
44 nationalities numbered less than 10 representatives among the
population of the city. Other nationalities - 11,745 people. In total,
693,123 (100%) indicated their nationality. 26,509 people have no
information about their nationality, of which 5,209 people refused to
answer. The total population of the urban district of Togliatti amounted
to 719,632 people.