Middle Rhine Valley, Germany

 

The Middle Rhine Valley is the most famous German river valley internationally. Especially for foreign guests, it is the epitome of German romanticism on the Rhine. It is not for nothing that the upper Middle Rhine Valley between Bingen and Koblenz has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.

Castles, vineyards, cozy towns and villages characterize this delightful region. The main actor is of course the "Father Rhine", who has carved out a rugged valley between Taunus and Hunsrück. Below Koblenz to Bonn, the Rhine squeezes between the Westerwald and the Eifel.

Simply visit the valley and let yourself be enchanted by the romance of the Rhine.

 

Viticulture

The Middle Rhine wine-growing region is one of the oldest cultivated landscapes in Europe still preserved today. However, the cultivation area has decreased drastically since the 19th century. In the steep slopes of the Middle Rhine, cultivation and harvesting are laborious and hardly economical. In 1989 the Middle Rhine winegrowers were still cultivating 681 hectares. Since then, the area has decreased by around 36% until 2011.

In the Hessian towns of Lorchhausen, Lorch, Assmannshausen and Rüdesheim, a lot of wine is still grown. However, these wine villages on the right bank of the Rhine are part of the Rheingau wine-growing region and represent almost as much vineyard area as the entire Middle Rhine wine-growing region. To the northwest of Lorchhausen you can only see small areas of vineyards. The many dry stone walls show where wine-growing used to be. Today these areas are overgrown with bushes and trees. It looks a little better on the right bank of the Rhine. Larger vineyard areas can be found especially in the side valleys with southern slopes, such as in Oberheimbach, Bacharach, Oberwesel and on the Rheinbogen near Boppard.

 

Regions

The federal states of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate share the Middle Rhine region. Only the foothills to Bonn belong to North Rhine-Westphalia. The Middle Rhine is a sub-region of the historic Rhineland, which still lives on in two federal states.

The world-famous valley, dotted with castles, between the tributaries of the Nahe and Moselle, the cities of Koblenz and Bingen and the Hunsrück and Taunus mountains is known as the Upper Middle Rhine Valley. The famous Loreley can be found in the middle near St. Goarshausen, a rocky outcrop at the narrowest point in the Middle Rhine Valley. In 2002, the Upper Middle Rhine Valley was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Bingen and Rüdesheim, although these towns are in Rheinhessen and Rheingau, respectively.

The section between Koblenz and Bonn-Bad Godesberg and Bad Honnef is called the Lower Middle Rhine Valley. It separates the Eifel from the Westerwald and the Siebengebirge.

 

Rhein Valley Map

Sights

Left bank of the Rhine:

1 Bingen am Rhein with the district of Bingerbrück is located at the mouth of the Nahe. Klopp Castle is in the city center, beautiful Rhine promenade with a view of the Mouse Tower and the Rheingau.
2 Trechtingshausen with Rheinstein Castle
3 Niederheimbach with Sooneck Castle.
4 Bacharach Historic building ensembles, an intact city wall, the church of St. Peter and the ruins of the Gothic chapel of St. Werner characterize the city. Stahleck Castle (a youth hostel since 1927) is located above the town.
5 Oberwesel old town with 3 km of partly walkable medieval town wall with 16 of 21 preserved defense towers. - Schönburg ruins from the 12th century, Church of our Lady (also called "red church") from 1308.
6 St. Goar with the imposing Rheinfels castle ruins
7 Bad Salzig with a beautiful promenade overlooking the castles of the enemy brothers. The historic bathhouse with sauna and thermal baths fed with medicinal water is worth seeing. Likewise the spacious spa gardens.
8 Boppard chairlift to the view of the four lakes, old town, "electoral castle" with museum, beautiful Rhine promenade.
9 Rhens with the medieval town hall.
10 Koblenz . Deutsches Eck at the Moselle tributary. Ehrenbreitstein Fortress, cable car over the Rhine.

 

Right bank of the Rhine:

11 Rüdesheim am Rhein World-famous wine town at the gateway to the Middle Rhine Valley with Niederwald monument (ascent by cable car possible), Drosselgasse and wine-growing museum in the Brömserburg.
12 Assmannshausen known wine-growing community for the Rheingau red wine, which is a district of Rüdesheim.
13 Lorch and Lorchhausen.
14 Kaub with the Pfalzgrafenstein customs castle, which lies in the middle of the river, and the Blücher monument.
15 St. Goarshausen Maus Castle and Katz Castle, towards Kaub, the Loreley
16 Braubach with the Marksburg, the best-preserved hilltop castle on the Middle Rhine, cozy old town and Rhine promenade.
17 Lahnstein with Lahneck Castle, at the mouth of the Lahn

 

Castles and Palaces

In the 65-kilometer section of the upper Middle Rhine Valley there are 16 castles on the left bank of the Rhine between Bingen and Koblenz and 14 castles on the right bank of the Rhine between Rüdesheim and Lahnstein. A total of around 40 castles, palaces and fortresses are counted.

The high density of castles in the Middle Rhine Valley is due to the deep incision of the Rhine in the Rhenish Slate Mountains. The easily controllable river section of the European Rhine waterway had enormous strategic importance due to the lucrative revenue from customs duties. The situation was further complicated by the fact that various dynasties (the Archbishoprics of Cologne, Mainz and Trier and the Counts Palatine and Hessian Landgraves) disputed each other's influence.

Depending on the topographical situation, the complexes were divided into hilltop castles, hillside castles, lowland castles and moated castles, the fortresses were then the bulletproof systems as they came into being after the use of gunpowder in cannons from the 17th century.

Towards the end of the Middle Ages, the simple castles no longer had anything to oppose the first fire artillery, which was modern at the time, and they increasingly fell into disrepair or were expanded into fortresses. The last major destruction of these still intact fortresses was then caused by Napoleon, who had the last of the still functional systems blown up in 1806. Only two of the fortifications remained largely intact, the rest was ruins.

Only the romantic and national currents towards the end of the 19th century moved the wealthy bourgeoisie to restore the castles for private pleasure, which was also the trigger for Rhine romanticism, which continues to have an effect into modern times.

The high density of castles, which is unique in the world, was one of the main reasons for the inclusion in the list of UNESCO monuments in 2002, along with the natural landscape of the Rhine Valley.

Individual castles are also for sale, for those who are interested there is an inexpensive opportunity to become a castle owner yourself, the purchase price is usually only symbolic ("One Euro"). On the other hand, there are strict monument protection requirements and, as a result, often a huge need for financing for necessary renovations. The annual heating costs alone require strict calculation, the annual operating and maintenance costs for a castle are in the five-digit euro range.

1 Boosenburg (upper castle) in Rüdesheim (private ownership)
2 Brömserburg (Niederburg) in Rüdesheim - Originally a customs castle on the Rhine from the 8th to 12th centuries. Today the Rheingau Wine Museum is housed here.
3 Vorderburg - Marktburg. (from 1276). The remains of the castle, which is easy to overlook, are located in the old town of Rüdesheim on the south-west edge of the market. Like the Brömserburg, it was probably destroyed by French soldiers in 1640. Only the defense tower from the old castle survives, to which a residential building was added around 1663.
4 Klopp Castle in Bingen - rebuilt between 1853 and 1879, since 1897 the seat of the city administration. The courtyard is open to the general public.
5 Binger Mouse Tower Former defense and watchtower on an island in the Rhine near Bingerbrück. Rebuilt 1856-58 in neo-Gothic style and used as a signal tower for Rhine shipping until 1974.
6 Ehrenfels Castle Customs castle on the Binger Loch between Rüdesheim and Assmannshausen opposite the Mouse Tower near Bingen.
7 Ruine Rossel built around 1794 as a decorative castle ruin in the Niederwald landscape park near Rüdesheim with a wonderful view of the opposite mouth of the Nahe into the Rhine and the Binger Loch.
8 Rheinstein Castle between Bingen and Trechtingshausen. The facility can be visited.
9 Reichenstein Castle, Reichenstein 2 is above Trechtingshausen. The castle is accessible.
10 Sooneck Castle The castle from the 11th century was destroyed by the French in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the Hohenzollerns had the ruins rebuilt as a hunting castle.
11 Heimburg Privately owned.
12 Fürstenberg Castle Hilltop castle above the district of Rheindiebach, founded between 1217 and 1219, destroyed in 1689, privately owned.
13 Stahleck Castle High castle above Bacharach. Rebuilt into a youth castle from 1925, today used as a youth hostel.
14 Stahlberg Castle ruins in a side valley on a mountain spur above the Steeg district of the town of Bacharach.
15 Pfalzgrafenstein customs castle On an island near Kaub, the mighty castle divides the Rhine. King Ludwig the Bavarian built it in 1327. It was modernized in 1607 and 1755.
16 Gutenfels Castle near Kaub - is privately owned and cannot be visited.
17 Schönburg near Oberwesel − The castle consists of three courtyards staggered in height and a large number of different towers, residential buildings and fortifications. In 1166, Emperor Friedrich I elevated it to the status of imperial castle. In 1689 it was destroyed by the French during the Palatinate War of Succession. From 1885 it was partially rebuilt. Since 2011, the gate tower has housed an informative museum on the subject of castle building, monument protection and castles during war.
18 Katz Castle near St. Goarshausen. The facility is privately owned in Japan and therefore not accessible.
19 Rheinfels Castle near St. Goar. The mighty ruins can be visited for an entrance fee.
20 Maus Castle near St. Goarshausen. At the castle, an eagle and falcon court offers flight demonstrations.
21 Sterrenberg Castle Castle ruins above Kamp-Bornhofen, also known as one of the "Enemy Brothers".
22 Liebenstein Castle also above Kamp-Bornhofen, also known as one of the "Enemy Brothers".
23 Roman fort (Castra Bodobrica) in Boppard - The fort wall, up to nine meters high, is the best-preserved Roman wall in Germany.
24 Electoral Boppard Castle is now the seat of the municipal museum.
25 Wasserburg Osterspai The castle chapel of St. Jakobus is a two-storey, rectangular hall building. On the upper floor, vaults with remains of wall paintings from the 13th century have been preserved.
26 Marksburg The beautiful castle towers over Braubach and the Rhine on a rocky cone. With its keep, several assemblies, kennels and bastions, it is the only hilltop castle on the Rhine that was never destroyed.
27 Lahneck Castle above the Lahn, built between 1240 and 1245. Glass and panel paintings in the chapel built in 1245. From 1852 the entire castle was rebuilt in the English neo-Gothic style. The grounds and some of the historic rooms with rich furnishings are now open to visitors.
28 Stolzenfels Castle The Stolzenfels Fortress burned down in 1689. The architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel built his new Stolzenfels Castle for the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV on the ruins from 1836 - 1842. The castle was renovated in 2011. The state of Rhineland-Palatinate invested €15 million in the renovation. It is closed in December and only open on weekends in January. Admission: €4.
29 Koblenz Electoral City Castle (Alte Burg) from 1185 is located on the banks of the Moselle at the old Moselle bridge. Today it houses the city archives.
30 Electoral Palace Koblenz, Neustadt, 56068 Koblenz from 1777 - 1793 is located on the banks of the Rhine.
31 Ehrenbreitstein Fortress . above Koblenz. Imposing facility on the right bank of the Rhine opposite the Deutsches Eck.

 

Monasteries

1 Abbey of St. Hildegard From the monastery north of Rüdesheim-Eibingen, which is well worth seeing, you have a view of Rüdesheim and the Rochusberg on the other side of the Rhine from the vineyards.
2 Eberbach Monastery Monastery complex well worth seeing. After secularization in 1803, the abbey's farms became state property as a wine-growing domain. The Hessian State Wineries GmbH Kloster Eberbach are today the largest German winery. They run a vinotheque in the monastery buildings. The central winery and a vinotheque of the winery are located on the Steinberg not far from the monastery.
3 St. Hildegard Abbey The abbey, built by Benedictine nuns in 1904, is the successor to the Rupertsberg and Eibingen monasteries founded by St. Hildegard von Bingen. The monastery winery, the monastery shop, the art workshops and a guest house serve to support the community. Pilgrims and pilgrims to the shrine of St. Hildegard in the parish church of Eibingen.
4 Bornhofen Monastery Bornhofen Monastery is a Franciscan monastery and is one of the oldest and most important places of pilgrimage in the Middle Rhine.

 

Nature and gardens

Ruppert Gorge near Lahnstein
Zoo. in Neuwied/Heimbach-Weis.
butterfly garden. in Sayn.

 

Vistas and vantage points

Upper Middle Rhine Valley - sorted downstream:

(Without views of castles and palaces)

1 rest area Ehrenfelsblickaus. on the history trail, panorama trail, Rheingau-Riesling trail and Hessenweg 7. − Trails at different heights from Rüdesheim through the vineyards in the direction of Assmannshausen.
2 Niederwald monument. near Rüdesheim - nice view of the Rhine.
A round tour is recommended here: ascent with the chairlift to the hunting lodge in Assmannshausen, hike over the "Rossel" vantage point to the Niederwald monument. Descend with the cable car in Rüdensheim and return to Assmannshausen by boat with the Cologne-Düsseldorfer. Price of the "Ringticket" for adults: 14 €, as a "romantic tour" with a visit to the castle you can also do the tour in reverse for 16 € (10-2015).
3 Nicholas Rock. west of the mouth of the Nahe in Bingen, nice view of the Mause Tower and across to the ruins of Ehrenfels.
4 Bingen Gate. near Assmannshausen - About 100 meters away from the train station of the chairlift that leads from Assmannshausen to the Niederwald hunting lodge.
5 Red wine arbor on the Rheinsteig. near Assmannshausen.
6 panoramic viewpoint. on Lorchhausen.
7 Viewpoint on Bacharach. Rheinsteig: Wirbellay − View over the Rhine.
8 Viewpoint on Kaub
Valley near Bacharach. View of the Rhine valley near Bacharach upstream of the picturesque wine town with Peterskirche and Wernerkapelle. The most beautiful way to the vantage point begins in the district of Henschhausen and leads along the Rhein-Wein-Wanderweg through the Henschhäuser Heide.
9 Valley near Oberwesel. Road from Oberwesel to Urbar very close to the Sieben-Jungfrauenblick.
10 Loreley A winding road leads from St. Goarshausen to Patersberg and the Rheinblick.
St Goar. From St. Goar a road leads up from the Gründerelbach valley to Werlau. At the top of the vineyards, turn right to the "Auf der Schanz" farm.
11 Bopparder Hamm Rhine loop. The Bopparder Hamm near Boppard, known for its vineyards, is the largest loop of the Rhine. A beautiful view of the Rhine loop and the vineyards can be had from the Gedeonseck mountain restaurant, for example.
12 Four Lakes View. From this vantage point you can see four parts of the Rhine hidden by mountains. On the mountain there are excursion restaurants that invite you to stop. From Boppard, a chairlift opens up the attraction.
13 Deutsches Eck near Koblenz, from the monument you have a view of the two rivers where the Moselle flows into the Rhine.

 

Burg Godesburg is a medieval castle near Bad Godesberg in Rhein Valley of Germany.

Burg Drachenfels stands on top of the 321 meters high mountain that is volcanic in its origin.

Schloss Arenfels

Although the Arenfels Castle was originally build in 1260 few architectural features of the former structure remain today.

Rheineck Castle is located on a Western side of Rhine river at former border between Roman provinces of Upper and Lower Germania.

Hammerstein Castle was build and occupied by Henry IV who brought here his crown insignia.

Burg Ehrenbreitstein is a defensive fortification that stand today on the hill at the confluence of Rhine and Moselle rivers.

Burg Lahneck is most famous for death of seventeen year old girl Idilia Dubb who was trapped in the ruins.

Schloss Stolzenfels

Beautiful pseudo- Gothic castle of Schloss Stolzenfels adds its own charm to the Rhine valley. Located on the Western bank of the Rhine this building is more of the residence than a castle.

Braucbach and Marksburg

Medieval Castles Braubach and Marksburg is the only castle in the Middle Rhine from the medieval times that hasn’t been destroyed.

Burg Maus above Wellmich

Despite its nickname 'mouse', Maus Castle was never captured by the enemy forces.

Castle Rheinfels

Medieval Rheinfels Castle was found in 1245 by Count Diether V of Katzenelnbogen as a base for his toll- collecting operations.

Burg Katz

Standing on the eastern shore of the Rhine river this castle overlooks the town of Saint Goarhausen. It was build in 1371 by Count Wilhelm II of Katzenelnbogen.

Burg Schönburg

Medieval Burg Schonburg get its name from a German word that means 'beautiful mountain'.

 

What to do

Hiking on the Rheinsteig, Rheinburgenweg and Rheinhöhenweg.
Cycling on the Rhine cycle path on the left bank of the Rhine. On the right bank of the Rhine there are several narrow stretches of road without cycle paths.
Steamboat trips on the Rhine (see Cologne-Düsseldorfer)

Events
Vierthäler-Markt in Bacharach · Medieval hustle and bustle in the Rhine area in front of the gates of the old town on the Middle Rhine in a medieval ambience in May.
Medieval Spectaculum in Oberwesel − Every two years on the Pentecost weekend in even-numbered years, enthusiastic spectators attend this festival of historical craftsmanship, jugglers, minstrels and charlatans: Oberwesel celebrates its medieval Spectaculum within the old town walls.
Rhine in Flames − annual fireworks at different locations and on different days.
Bonn: May
Rüdesheim - Bingen: July − Starts in Trechtingshausen at 10 p.m. via Assmannshausen and Bingen to Rüdesheim. Boat tickets: 43 - 105 €.
Koblenz: August.
Oberwesel: September. – Start in St. Goar /St. Goarshausen, past the Loreley to Oberwesel.
St Goar - September. − To the Loreley rock, the Rheinfels and Katz castles.
Middle Rhine Music Festival · from May to August.
RheinVokal – Festival on the Middle Rhine − "from the song to the oratorio, from the Middle Ages to the present" · from June to August in various places on the Rhine.
In 2011, the Federal Horticultural Show took place in Koblenz, including the Upper Middle Rhine.

 

Getting there

By train
The valley is easy to reach by train. There is a railway line on both sides of the river. Several Deutsche Bahn Intercity lines run along the left bank of the Rhine with regular stops in Bonn and Koblenz. Individual trains also stop in Remagen, Andernach, Boppard and Bingen am Rhein. The trains of the lines RB 26 (Cologne - Mainz), RB 10 (Neuwied - Frankfurt) RE 2 (Koblenz - Frankfurt), RE 17 (Koblenz - Kaiserslautern) RE 5 (Wesel - Koblenz) and RB 27 (Moenchengladbach - Koblenz).

On the street
The valley is accessed by two main roads: the B 9 runs on the left bank of the Rhine, and the B 42 on the right bank.

The Upper Middle Rhine Valley is connected to the European trunk road network via the A 61 Hunsrück motorway. Another connection is via the Lower Middle Rhine Valley and Bonn to the A59/A3 (on the right bank of the Rhine) and A555/A4 (on the left bank of the Rhine).

By bicycle
In the romantic Middle Rhine Valley between Bingen and Koblenz, make sure to use the left bank of the Rhine. There is a continuous cycle path here. Between Bingen and Bacharach, as well as between Spay and Koblenz, the cycle path is off the road.

The right bank of the Rhine (with Loreley and Rüdesheim) still has large gaps in the cycle path. These should only be closed in the next few years. The federal highway 42 is not recommended as a cycle route, as there is heavy traffic here. Of particular note is the Assmannshausen - Lorch section, which is temporarily closed due to the construction of the cycle path. For experienced cyclists there is a signposted diversion via the high-altitude municipality of Presberg, otherwise the only alternative is the train.

If you want to visit the sights on the right bank of the Rhine, the best thing to do is to take the ferry.

Further information nationwide: see Rhine Cycle Path

By boat
Numerous boat trips are offered on the Middle Rhine:
Cologne-Düsseldorfer
Rössler line
Bingen-Rüdesheim passenger shipping
Loreley line Weinand

 

Around the Rhein valley

Public transport
Large parts of the Middle Rhine Valley belong to the Rhein-Mosel VRM transport association. The eastern part of the left bank of the Rhine from Bingen to Bacharach belongs to the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Nahe RNN, which has transitional tariffs with the Hessian RMV. The Hessian section on the right bank of the Rhine from Rüdesheim to Lorchhausen belongs to the Rhein-Main RMV transport association. From Rüdesheim, bus line 171 runs parallel to the train to Wiesbaden. If you exceed the Bacharach/Oberwesel fare limit on the left bank of the Rhine, a train ticket must be purchased. On the right bank of the Rhine, this is only necessary when crossing the St. Goarshausen/Kestert border, since the Kaub and St. Goarshausen train stations, which are actually in the VRM area, have been accessible in addition to the RMV tariff since the beginning of 2022.

After all, the northern end of the valley near Bonn belongs to the Rhein-Sieg VRS transport association, which has transitional tariffs until shortly before Koblenz.

On foot
On the right bank of the Rhine, the Rheinsteig accompanies the Rhine. Some signs of the Rheinburgenweg are still attached.
Between Kaub and Rüdesheim, the Rheingau Riesling path and Hessenweg 7 often lead along below the Rheinsteig.
On the left bank of the Rhine, the Rheinburgenweg leads along above the Rhine.
On both sides, the two Rheinhöhenweg paths run parallel to the Rhine, mostly at a greater distance.

ferries
There are no bridges in the entire Upper Middle Rhine Valley between Mainz/Wiesbaden and Koblenz-Süd. If you want to translate between them, you have to use a ferry. The Rhine Valley is best seen from the perspective of the Rhine anyway! A ferry ride can also be a little pleasure. A total of eight ferries make it possible to cross the river.

Car and passenger ferries:
Ingelheim-Hafen − Oestrich-Winkel
Car ferry from Bingen Hafen to Rüdesheim train station Tel.: 06721 - 14 140
Car ferry Lorch ↔ Niederheimbach Tel.: 06743 - 6032
Car ferry Kaub ↔ Engelsburg Tel.: 06774 - 373 and 364
St. Goar – St. Goarshausen Tel.: 06771 - 2620
Boppard – Kamp-Bornhofen Tel.: 06742 - 2953

passenger ferries:
Passenger ferry from Rüdesheim Bridge 8 to Bingen Bridge 5 Tel.: 06721 - 14 140
The ferry service between Oberlahnstein and Niederlahnstein – Koblenz-Stolzenfels has been discontinued since autumn 2010.
Koblenz − Koblenz-Ehrenbreitstein Regular passenger ferry: March - April: 8 a.m. - 6 p.m., May - November: 7 a.m. - 7 p.m

 

Eat

Specialties from the Middle Rhine Valley:
A kettle of colorful. What presents itself today as cuisine on the Middle Rhine is the successful recipe from the products of traditional trades such as fishermen, winegrowers, hunters and farmers as well as from the tastes of former Rhine Valley visitors
Rhenish sauerbraten, which nowadays is mostly made from beef, but was traditionally made from horse meat in the past.
Dippekuchen "cake" is easily misleading, because it is a hearty potato casserole.
Potato pancakes made from grated raw potatoes, processed with eggs, onions, spices and a little flour, they are baked crispy and golden brown as a round cookie in a pan with lots of fat and served with apple compote.
Dippehas Hare or rabbit parts, pieces of pork, carrots, onions and smoked bacon come together in a large pot called "Dippe". Seasoned with bay leaves, pepper, nutmeg and salt, a conclusion comes wine and broth over the ingredients.
Heaven and earth - "Himmel un Äd" a classic Rhineland dish! Of heavenly apples and the earthy potato. Both processed into purees meet again on the plate. The icing on the cake is fried black pudding slices.

 

Climate

Spring (March to May): Spring is a wonderful time to visit the Middle Rhine Valley. The temperatures are pleasantly mild, nature comes alive and the fruit trees and flowers are in full bloom. The vineyards look particularly picturesque, and hikes along the Rheinsteig offer breathtaking views.

Summer (June to August): Summer is the high season for tourism in the Middle Rhine Valley. The days are longer, the weather is warm and sunny, and there are many events and festivals in the charming towns along the Rhine. The boat trips on the Rhine are particularly popular at this time.

Autumn (September to November): Autumn is another great time to visit. The grape harvest begins and the vineyards shine in the most beautiful autumn colors. Temperatures are still comfortable and there are fewer tourists than in summer.

Winter (December to February): Winter has its own charm in the Middle Rhine Valley. Christmas markets take place in the cities, immersing the region in a festive atmosphere. Temperatures can be chilly but there is also the opportunity to enjoy winter walks along the Rhine or visits to castles.