Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic is the westernmost state in continental Europe, located in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula. In the north and east it borders on Spain, in the south and west it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean; thus, this state as a whole is a semi-enclave, or coastal enclave. The name of the country comes from the city of Porto (lat. Portus Cale).

Republic since 1910.

Member of NATO (since 1949), UN (since 1955), OECD (since 1961), EU (since January 1, 1986), Commonwealth of Portuguese-speaking countries (since 1996). Included in the Schengen zone and the euro zone. Participates in Ibero-American summits since 1991.

Travel Destinations in Portugal

History

In the IV-III centuries BC. most of Portugal was inhabited by Indo-European Lusitanian tribes. At the end of the 1st century BC e. the conquest of the territories of modern Portugal by Ancient Rome was completed. In the 2nd half of the 5th – 6th centuries n e. the territory of modern Portugal was conquered by the Visigoths, led by King Theodoric II, in 713–718. - Arabs. During the Reconquista in 868, the county of Portugal was created under the leadership of Vimara Peres, in 1139 (officially in 1143) it became an independent kingdom. Sanshu I The settler made a contribution to the history of Portugal in the form of a conductor of peaceful reforms, under Afonso II a parliament called Cortesov began to work, and Afonso III of Boulogne completed the Reconquista. In 1279-1415. there was a strengthening of the monarchy in Portugal, which was marked by transformations under Dinis I the Farmer, peace with the Kingdom of Castile and Leon, the crisis of 1383-1385.

From the 15th century, beginning with the reign of Juan I of the Avis dynasty, the colonial expansion of Portugal began; The Portuguese colonial empire reached its peak in the 1st half of the 16th century. In 1580, King Enrique dies, and the Portuguese throne passes into the hands of the Spanish King Philip II of Habsburg. Until 1640, Portugal was in a personal union with Spain. At the beginning of the XVIII century she participated in the war for the Spanish inheritance. The Lisbon Treaty and the Methuen Treaty of 1703, signed during the war, made Portugal economically and politically dependent on Great Britain. In 1807, the troops of Napoleon I invaded Portugal, which were expelled in 1808 by British troops with the support of Portuguese patriots. XIX century was marked in Portugal by revolutions (the Portuguese Revolution of 1820, the September Revolution of 1836), civil wars (migrant wars, the war of Maria da Fonte), a sharp struggle between supporters and opponents of the constitution. From the 2nd half of the 19th century in Portugal, a republican and socialist movement is developing.

XX century
As a result of the Portuguese Revolution of 1910, Portugal became a republic. The Portuguese Republic took part in the First World War on the side of the Entente.

In 1926, a coup d'etat was carried out, a military dictatorship was established. In 1932, power was actually transferred to Prime Minister António Salazar, who established an authoritarian regime in the country (Soviet scholars described it as “fascist”). Working closely with the UK, she decided to remain a neutral state. During the war period, Portugal was a major supplier of tungsten, which was an important source of cash income. In 1949, Portugal joined NATO at the time of its creation. Since 1961, Portugal has tried to suppress the national liberation movement in its African colonies.

On April 25, 1974, rebel forces led by the Armed Forces Movement overthrew the fascist government (the “carnation revolution"), and political parties were allowed to operate. Decolonization of the former Portuguese colonies in Africa completed. The situation stabilized after a stage of fierce political struggle and several sharp clashes. In April 1976, a new constitution was adopted. In July 1976 - August 1978, the government formed by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PSP, founded in 1973) was in power, from January 1980 - the coalition government of the center-right Democratic Alliance, in 1983-1985 the coalition of the socialist and Social Democratic parties was in power, from 1987 - The government of the Social Democratic Party, which for the first time received an absolute majority in the parliamentary elections.