Burgenland is a state of Austria. It's the most eastern part of the
country, bordering on Hungary and Slovakia. The state is divided into 3
regions (Nordburgenland, Mittelburgenland and Südburgenland and seven
boroughs. It covers 3,965 square kilometers and has about 300,000
inhabitants. The youngest federal state of Austria was part of the
Kingdom of Hungary until 1921 and only came to Austria as a result of
the Trianon Peace Treaty. The capital is Eisenstadt, after the
originally planned capital of the area - Ödenburg (Sopron) - remained
with Hungary in 1921 after a referendum.
Today's Burgenland was
part of the Kingdom of Hungary until 1918. After the First World War,
the so-called "German West Hungary" - that was the part of Hungary in
which a significant German-speaking population lived - was ceded to
Austria in the course of the Trianon peace negotiations between the
Allies and Hungary. In the Greater Ödenburg (Sopron) region, a
referendum was held on nationality, which, however, ended in favor of
Hungary, despite the clear German-speaking majority of the population.
The newly founded federal state, which finally joined the Republic of
Austria in 1921, lost its designated capital and only urban center. The
small town of Eisenstadt, which had been relatively insignificant until
then, became the capital.
The name "Burgenland" is misleading,
because although there have always been many fortifications in
Burgenland as a border area to Southeast Europe, there are no more than
anywhere else in Austria. Rather, the name is derived from the final
syllables of the western Hungarian counties of Pressburg (today
Bratislava), Wieselburg (today Mosonmagyaróvár), Ödenburg (today Sopron)
and Eisenburg (today Vasvár). These four counties were to form the heart
of the country. However, none of these four cities and their environs
was ultimately assigned to Burgenland.
Until 1921, however, the
accession of Burgenland to Austria was questionable, because large
groups of Croats live both in today's Burgenland and in neighboring
western Hungary, the governments of the newly founded Czecho-Slovakia
and Yugoslavia tried to influence the peace negotiations with Austria
and Hungary to take, and to claim this area for themselves. The
background comes from the idea of Pan-Slavism, according to which the
South and West Slavic states would have bordered directly on each other.
Burgenland has always been considered the poorhouse of Austria
because it was largely rural. There was hardly any industry and the
transport infrastructure was geared more to Hungary than to Austria.
This economic structural weakness was also reinforced by the region's
peripheral location directly on the Iron Curtain, which made economic,
cultural and social relations with the Warsaw Pact neighbors almost
impossible.
But after the political events of 1989, in which
Burgenland also played a key historical role with the pan-European
picnic and border storming of the GDR citizens, the region was suddenly
no longer at the end of the world, but right in the middle of Europe.
Burgenland was also able to benefit massively from Austria's accession
to the EU in 1995 thanks to the target area 1 funding, which is why the
state can no longer be classified as backward or structurally weak.
Burgenland, Austria’s easternmost federal state, is administratively
organized into three main regions—Northern, Central, and Southern—along
with seven districts and two statutory cities (Eisenstadt and Rust).
This division reflects the region’s varied landscapes, from the unique
steppe-lake environment in the north to the hilly, sun-drenched wine
country in the south.
Northern Burgenland
This is the most
visited and dynamic part of the state. It encompasses the Neusiedler
See-Seewinkel region, a UNESCO World Heritage Site centered around Lake
Neusiedl (Neusiedlersee), Central Europe’s largest steppe lake. The
shallow, reed-fringed lake and its surrounding national park offer
exceptional birdwatching, cycling paths, sailing, and unique
biodiversity, including rare salt pans and habitats for species like
Przewalski’s horses.
Key administrative units include:
District of Neusiedl am See (ND)
District of Eisenstadt-Umgebung (EU)
District of Mattersburg (MA)
Statutory cities of Eisenstadt (E) — the
charming state capital, home to the magnificent Esterházy Palace
(Schloss Esterházy) with its opulent halls, gardens, and cultural events
— and Rust (E), a picturesque lakeside town famous for its stork nests,
historic architecture, and excellent local wines.
Northern Burgenland
is renowned for its world-class wines (especially full-bodied reds and
sweet wines), historic cellar lanes, and vibrant cultural scene.
Central Burgenland
Often called the “Sunny Center” or
Mittelburgenland (Sonnenland), this region is dominated by the District
of Oberpullendorf (OP). It features rolling hills, extensive vineyards,
and a strong focus on viticulture and rural charm. The area produces
excellent wines under DAC designations and invites visitors to explore
quiet wine routes, traditional villages, and agricultural heritage.
Southern Burgenland
This southernmost zone offers a more hilly
and forested character, with a rich mix of history, thermal spas, and
authentic countryside experiences. It includes:
District of Oberwart
(OW)
District of Güssing (GS) — known for its imposing castle (Burg
Güssing) and cultural sites
District of Jennersdorf (JE)
Southern Burgenland stands out for its thermal baths, traditional
“Uhudler” wines with their distinctive berry aromas, castles, and
peaceful hiking areas like Naturpark Geschriebenstein.
Overall,
Burgenland’s compact size (about 3,962 km²) and north-south orientation
make it easy to explore all three regions in a short trip. The state
blends Austrian efficiency with Hungarian and Croatian cultural
influences, delivering outstanding wine tourism, nature experiences, and
historical treasures. Whether you’re cycling around the lake, tasting
wines in cellar streets, or visiting grand palaces, Burgenland offers a
warm, sun-filled welcome to travelers.
Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt, the charming capital of Burgenland in eastern
Austria, is a cultural gem renowned for its deep connection to
composer Joseph Haydn, who lived and worked here under the
patronage of the Esterházy family. Dominated by the magnificent
Schloss Esterházy, a Baroque palace with opulent halls and
beautiful gardens, the city invites visitors to explore its
historic old town, the Bergkirche with Haydn's mausoleum, and
the Jewish quarter remnants that highlight its multicultural
past. Surrounded by vineyards at the foot of the Leitha
Mountains, Eisenstadt offers excellent wine tasting, peaceful
parks, and a relaxed atmosphere perfect for day trips from
Vienna, blending Austrian and Hungarian influences in its
architecture, cuisine, and vibrant local festivals.
Güssing
Güssing is a picturesque
town in southern Burgenland, best known for its imposing Güssing
Castle, the oldest in the region, perched dramatically on a
volcanic cone since the 12th century. This medieval fortress
offers panoramic views, a rich museum collection of art and
ironwork, and insights into the Batthyány family's history. The
surrounding area features wine cellars, traditional Heurigen
taverns, and natural attractions like fish ponds and the nearby
Heiligenbrunn cellar district, making it an ideal spot for
history enthusiasts and those seeking authentic Burgenland wine
culture and rural charm.
Jennersdorf
Jennersdorf, located in the southeastern corner of Burgenland
near the Hungarian border, serves as the administrative center
of its namesake district and offers a peaceful base for
exploring the region's thermal spas and countryside. With a mix
of modern amenities and traditional Austrian hospitality, the
town provides access to wellness facilities like nearby thermae,
scenic walking paths, and cultural sites that reflect the
multicultural heritage of Burgenland, including Croatian and
Hungarian influences. It's a gateway to southern Burgenland's
vineyards and quiet villages, appealing to visitors looking for
relaxation and authentic local experiences away from larger
tourist crowds.
Neusiedl am See
Neusiedl am See is a lively town on the northern shore of Lake
Neusiedl, Austria's largest steppe lake and a UNESCO World
Heritage site shared with Hungary. Famous for its shallow,
reed-fringed waters ideal for sailing, birdwatching, and cycling
along the extensive paths, the town combines natural beauty with
a vibrant wine region producing excellent reds and whites.
Visitors can enjoy the Strandbad beach, historic sites like
Roman ruins, and the surrounding Seewinkel National Park, making
it a top destination for outdoor enthusiasts, nature lovers, and
those seeking the unique Pannonian landscape and local culinary
delights.
Rust
Rust, often called
the "stork village," is one of Burgenland's most enchanting wine
towns on the western shore of Lake Neusiedl, where white storks
nest on rooftops in a picturesque historic center. Renowned for
its exceptional wines, including the famous Ruster Ausbruch
sweet wine, the town features charming burgher houses,
centuries-old cellars, and excellent restaurants serving
regional specialties. As a former free imperial city with
medieval roots, Rust offers a blend of cultural heritage,
lakeside relaxation, and world-class viticulture, making it a
must-visit for wine lovers and those seeking romantic,
photogenic Austrian small-town charm.
Mattersburg
Mattersburg is a
dynamic town in central Burgenland, serving as the district
capital and known for its historical landmarks like the ruins of
Mattersburg Castle and the Gothic St. Nicholas Church. With a
strong local identity and a legacy tied to sports, particularly
its former football club, the town provides modern amenities
alongside access to surrounding vineyards and hiking trails in
the gentle hills. It serves as a practical hub for exploring
Middle Burgenland's cultural mix and natural beauty, offering
visitors a blend of everyday Austrian life and proximity to
regional attractions.
Oberpullendorf
Oberpullendorf, situated in the heart of Middle Burgenland,
functions as an important administrative, educational, and
cultural center for the region, often referred to as a vibrant
hub in the Stooberbach valley. Surrounded by fertile hills and
vineyards, it reflects the area's rich history from Celtic and
Roman times and its significance as a center for the Croatian
minority in Austria. Visitors appreciate its role as a gateway
to local wineries, cultural events, sports facilities, and
shopping, providing a comfortable base for discovering the
authentic rural and multicultural character of central
Burgenland.
Oberwart
Oberwart,
the third-largest town in Burgenland located on the Pinka River,
stands out as the cultural heart of the Hungarian minority in
the region, known locally as the Upper Wart. With a welcoming
atmosphere, it features attractive parks, traditional
architecture, and a range of dining options showcasing local and
international flavors. As a district capital, it offers good
infrastructure for exploring southeastern Burgenland's
countryside, vineyards, and historical sites, making it an
appealing destination for those interested in ethnic heritage,
community events, and the relaxed pace of life in this border
region.
Raiding
Raiding is a
small, idyllic village in Burgenland famous as the birthplace of
composer Franz Liszt, whose legacy is celebrated at the Liszt
Birth House museum in his family home. Set amid rolling hills
and vineyards near the Hungarian border, the town provides a
tranquil setting for music lovers and those seeking
off-the-beaten-path experiences in Austria's easternmost
province. Visitors can enjoy Liszt-related events, local wines,
and peaceful countryside walks, embodying the quiet charm and
cultural depth that define many Burgenland communities.
Burg Lockenhaus
Burg Lockenhaus, also known as Lockenhaus Castle or Léka in
Hungarian, is a striking medieval fortress perched in the
Güns Valley in Burgenland, eastern Austria. Built around
1200 in Romanesque and Gothic styles, it rises 368 meters
above sea level and has a rich history tied to powerful
families including the Güssinger, Kanizsay, Nádasdy, and
Esterházy. Legends link it to the Knights Templar, and it
features hidden chambers, a grand Knights’ Hall, and
exhibits on its storied past. Today, the well-preserved
castle hosts cultural events, concerts, and exhibitions,
offering visitors panoramic views of the surrounding
countryside and a fascinating glimpse into Austria’s
medieval heritage.
Burg Schlaining
Burg Schlaining, often called the Peace Castle, is a
well-preserved medieval fortress in Stadtschlaining,
Burgenland, first documented in 1271 as “castrum Zloynuk.”
Originally owned by the Lords of Güns-Güssing and later by
figures like Andreas Baumkircher, it stands at a
historically strategic crossroads of trade routes. The
castle now serves as a museum and Austrian Study Center for
Peace and Conflict Resolution, blending its imposing
defensive architecture with modern educational exhibits. Its
dramatic history, including feudal conflicts and legends,
makes it a compelling destination for those exploring
Burgenland’s heritage and themes of peace.
Bernstein Castle
Bernstein Castle (Burg Bernstein) is a historic gem in
Bernstein im Burgenland, Austria, with roots dating back to
around 860 or the late 12th century. Perched high at 615
meters, it has withstood sieges by the Turks and other
forces, serving as a fortress before becoming a family-run
hotel. Notable for its connection to explorer László Almásy
(immortalized in The English Patient), the castle features
atmospheric rooms, frescoes, and family heirlooms amid
forested surroundings. It offers a unique blend of medieval
history, elegant accommodations, and breathtaking views,
making it one of Burgenland’s most enchanting retreats.
Forchtenstein Castle
Forchtenstein Castle (Burg Forchtenstein), known
historically as “the castle of fear” due to its role as a
prison, is an impressive Late Medieval fortress near
Forchtenstein in northern Burgenland. Construction began in
the early 15th century by the Lords of Mattersdorf, later
passing to the Habsburgs and then the influential Esterházy
family in 1622. The castle boasts a massive 50-meter keep, a
renowned treasure chamber with art and curiosities, and
exhibitions highlighting strong historical women and
military traditions. Its commanding position and rich
Esterházy legacy make it a must-visit for history
enthusiasts exploring Austria’s aristocratic past.
Burgruine Landsee
Burgruine Landsee is a dramatic ruined castle in the heart
of Burgenland, east of Landsee village near Markt Sankt
Martin. First mentioned in 1158, this once-impregnable
12th-century stronghold changed hands multiple times,
serving as a feared robber stronghold before passing to the
Esterházy family. A devastating fire in 1772 left it in
ruins, yet its imposing fortifications, entrance gate,
bridges, courtyards, and climbable keep (Don Jon) still
evoke its medieval power. The ruins offer wonderful
panoramic views and a unique atmosphere perfect for hikers
and those seeking Austria’s evocative castle landscapes.
In northern Burgenland, the Neusiedler See region is
particularly worth seeing. Lake Neusiedl is Europe's largest
steppe lake. The national park is Austria's only steppe
national park. In southern Burgenland, the colorful
landscape with its hills and vineyards fascinates.
Burgenland, Austria’s easternmost federal state
(Bundesland), has a rich multilingual landscape shaped by
its history as a border region. Formerly part of the Kingdom
of Hungary (as parts of Moson, Sopron, and Vas counties), it
was ceded to Austria after World War I under the Treaty of
Trianon and Saint Germain. This created a linguistically
diverse area with a German-speaking majority alongside
protected Croatian and Hungarian minorities.
Official
and Majority Language: German
Austrian German
(Österreichisches Deutsch) serves as the official language,
used in government, education, media, and daily life across
Burgenland.
The local dialect is primarily Central
Austro-Bavarian (part of the broader Bavarian group), with
southern areas showing some Southern Austro-Bavarian
influences. A distinctive local variety is Hianzisch (also
called the "Ui-dialect"), historically common in Burgenland
and parts of Lower Austria. It features unique vocabulary,
pronunciation (e.g., characteristic "ui" sounds), and was
more dominant until the mid-20th century before
standardization and urbanization promoted broader Middle
Bavarian forms.
Burgenland German includes some loanwords
from Hungarian and Croatian due to historical contact,
though it aligns closely with other eastern Austrian
varieties. Jokes about "Burgenländer" speech exist in
Austrian culture, similar to regional stereotypes elsewhere.
According to the 2001 census (still a key reference for
minority data), German was the main language for about 90.7%
of residents.
Burgenland Croatian
(Gradišćanskohrvatski)
This is the most prominent
minority language, recognized officially with rights in
education, administration, and public signage in relevant
districts.
Origins and Speakers: It is spoken by the
Burgenland Croats (Gradišćanski Hrvati), descendants of
16th-century refugees who fled Ottoman invasions from
regions like Lika, Krbava, Kordun, Banovina, and western
Bosnia. They settled in what was then western Hungary,
forming a buffer zone. Estimates vary: around 19,000–20,000
speakers in Burgenland per official data, with broader
ethnic identification up to 40,000–130,000 (including those
in Vienna and self-identified heritage). Total speakers
(including neighboring countries) may reach 50,000–70,000.
Linguistic Features: A regional variety of Chakavian
Croatian, with admixtures of Shtokavian and Kajkavian
elements. It differs from standard (Shtokavian-based)
Croatian in vocabulary, phonology, and orthography.
Influences from German and Hungarian are notable (e.g.,
loanwords and some orthographic conventions from the
Magyarization era). It has a written tradition since the
16th–17th centuries, initially for religious texts.
Examples of differences (from Wikipedia):
Black: crna
(standard) vs. črna (Burgenland)
Word: riječ vs. rič
Jesus Christ: Isus Krist vs. Jezuš Kristuš
Dialects:
Include Štoj (southern Chakavian), Vlah (western
Shtokavian-influenced), Dolinci, Poljan, Hati, and others
tied to specific villages (e.g., around Lake Neusiedl or
southern clusters).
Status and Use: Official in six of
seven districts since the late 1980s. Bilingual
German-Croatian signs are common in Croatian villages.
Taught in minority schools (e.g., bilingual primary in
Veliki Borištof/Großwarasdorf); used in media (Hrvatske
novine, radio/TV), churches, and cultural events. Literature
includes religious works, newspapers, and modern authors. It
is classified as "definitely endangered" by UNESCO due to
assimilation pressures, though revival efforts continue.
Hungarian
Spoken by the Burgenland Hungarians (a
smaller but historically significant minority, descendants
of long-term border populations and former administrators).
Speakers: Around 1.78% in the 2001 census (~4,700–6,600 in
Burgenland), with estimates up to 5,000–15,000 including
broader affiliation. Bilingual German-Hungarian signs exist
in Hungarian-majority settlements.
Status: Officially
recognized minority language with rights in education and
administration, especially in areas like
Oberwart/Oberpullendorf districts. Hungarian-language
schooling has been available since the 1930s/1990s. Cultural
ties to Hungary strengthened post-1989 border opening.
Other Languages and Influences
Standard Croatian:
Some residents (0.38%) report this, often due to recent
migrants or distinction in censuses.
Romani: Spoken by a
small Roma community (0.10%), with some official
recognition.
Minor traces of Slovak, Czech, etc., due to
historical ties.
Multilingualism: Many minority speakers
are bilingual or trilingual. English is increasingly common
among younger people and in tourism, especially near Lake
Neusiedl (a UNESCO site).
Historical and Cultural
Context
Burgenland’s linguistic diversity reflects
centuries of empire shifts (Roman, Avar, Frankish,
Hungarian, Habsburg, Austro-Hungarian). Pre-WWI (1910
census): ~74% German, 15% Croatian, 9% Hungarian. Post-1921
shifts favored German due to administration changes and
emigration.
Minorities faced pressures during
Magyarization (late 19th/early 20th century), Nazi era
(Germanization, school closures), but gained protections in
the 1955 Austrian State Treaty and 1976 Ethnic Groups Act.
Today, bilingual signage, cultural associations (e.g.,
Hrvatsko kulturno društvo), folklore (tamburica music, kolo
dances), and festivals preserve heritage.
The region’s
identity blends Central European influences, with strong
Catholic traditions and cross-border ties (e.g., to Hungary,
Slovakia, and Croatia proper). For visitors or researchers,
this makes Burgenland a living example of Austria’s minority
protections and linguistic resilience.
By plane
In Burgenland itself there is no airport with scheduled
flights.
Northern Burgenland is easily accessible from Vienna and
Bratislava airports, and southern Burgenland from Graz airport. The
airports Sarmellék in Hungary and Maribor in Slovenia also offer
flights. If you think a little bigger, depending on flight prices, the
airports of Budapest or Zagreb could also be an option for getting to
Burgenland.
By train
Northern Burgenland is mostly easy to
reach by train. Although the Bruck an der Leitha train station is named
after the Lower Austrian town, it is only a few meters away on
Burgenland soil in the municipality of Bruckneudorf. All Ostbahn REX
trains running from Vienna (main station) to Győr or Bratislava
Petržalka stop there. The S60 S-Bahn line runs from Wiener Neustadt via
Vienna to Bruck an der Leitha, stopping at all stations. There are also
regional trains from Vienna via the Seewinkel to Fertőszentmiklos,
Wulkaprodersdorf (via Eisenstadt and Neusiedl) and Deutschkreutz (via
Neufeld an der Leitha, Wulkaprodersdorf, Sopron). Trains from Wiener
Neustadt to Sopron also stop in Mattersburg. In southern Burgenland, the
route of the Styrian Eastern Railway (Graz-Körmend) runs through
Jennersdorf.
If you are traveling by train, it is advisable to
drive to places in the neighboring regions and continue your journey
from there with regional buses. Gateway cities are Wiener Neustadt,
Hartberg, Fürstenfeld, Feldbach, Murska Sobota, Szentgotthard, Körmend,
Szombathely, Sopron, Hegyeshalom or Bratislava.
By bus
Especially from Vienna, thanks to the many daily and weekly commuters,
there are numerous bus lines that go directly to many places in southern
Burgenland. Otherwise there are good regional bus connections from the
places mentioned above.
By road
From Vienna you can reach the
northern part of Burgenland via the A 4 (eastern motorway) or the A 3
(southeastern motorway), the southern part via the A 2 (southern
motorway) and then via federal road connections. Important international
routes that lead through Burgenland are: E 58 (Vienna-Bratislava), E 59
(Vienna-Graz) E 60 (Vienna-Budapest), E 66 (Graz-Szekesfehervar) as well
as the nationally important routes Vienna-Sopron- Balaton and
Vienna-Oberwart-Szombathely. Ever since the neighboring countries to the
east joined the Schengen area, more and more small border crossings have
been opened, many of which are subject to truck driving bans.
The country has a dense and well-developed road network. In the
north, the country is criss-crossed by some expressways and motorways,
all federal and state roads are asphalted and in good condition. When
planning a route by car or bicycle between the northern and southern
parts of the country, one should not ignore a transit through Hungary.
On some routes, this can be significantly shorter and faster than
staying within Austria (e.g. Eisenstadt-Deutschkreutz via Sopron or
Seewinkel-Südburgenland via Szombathely).
There is notable rail
traffic within Burgenland only in the north with the ÖBB, which operates
the Wulkaprodersdorf-Eisenstadt-Neusiedl and Neusiedl-Pamhagen-Fertöd
railway lines in addition to the Vienna-Sopron-Deutschkreutz and
Sopron-Mattersburg-Wiener Neustadt railway lines. There are also
connections in the Neusiedl am See district between Bruck an der Leitha
and Neusiedl am See, Nickelsdorf and Kittsee, as well as beyond (Vienna,
Bratislava, Győr).
Regional buses run within Burgenland as well
as in the nearby neighboring regional centers. Buses usually run hourly
on weekdays and irregularly on weekends and public holidays. However,
the stops are extensively signposted or equipped with monitor displays,
so that the current timetables are always available.
The
Burgenland is also ideal as a cycling country thanks to the few
mountains. Numerous regional and long-distance hiking trails are
signposted and suitable for everyone.
The list is roughly from north to south and is not intended to
represent a judgement:
In Kittsee near the Slovakian border is the
Old Castle Kittsee, which originally dates back to the 12th century. It
was destroyed in a fire and rebuilt in the 14th century and has changed
little since then. In the village there is also a baroque new chateau,
the Batthyány chateau.
The Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park
(crossing the border with Hungary, Fertõ-Hanság Nemzeti Park) is the
only steppe national park in Central Europe and, with its wide reed
belt, salt marshes and periodically wet meadows, offers excellent
conditions for birds and other animals that are otherwise hardly native
to Central Europe. In addition, the large bathing resorts on the lake
are also popular centers for water sports (swimming, sailing,
windsurfing and much more); in winter, in some years, you can even skate
or ice-sail on the frozen lake.
The Basilica of the Nativity of the
Virgin Mary in Frauenkirchen is a baroque pilgrimage church well worth
seeing with mighty dimensions for this small town.
City of
Eisenstadt: The state capital is home to two of the state's most
important cultural monuments, the baroque Haydn House and the baroque
Esterházy Palace.
Sankt Margarethen: near this town on the road from
Eisenstadt to Rust is the Roman quarry, in which sculptures are
exhibited today and open-air performances of operas and classical
concerts take place. Next to it is the Fairytale Park, a large theme
park for children. South of the village is the site of the Pan-European
Picnic. In August 1989, several thousand GDR citizens gathered near
Sopron and then spontaneously broke through the no longer secured border
to get to West Germany; only a few weeks later the Berlin Wall was to
fall. At the site of the Pan-European Picnic, directly at the state
border but only a few meters into Hungarian territory, there is now a
memorial and a small exhibition on this event.
Rust: Known as the
town of storks and viticulture, the smallest statutory town in Austria
right on the shore of Lake Neusiedl is also known for its listed old
town from the 16th-19th centuries. Century. The neighboring community of
Mörbisch to the south also has numerous historical courtyard rows with
farm buildings.
Forchtenstein Castle is a mighty fortress building,
the core of which dates back to the 14th century and was owned by the
princely Esterházy family from the 17th century. Today the castle houses
one of the largest private museums in Austria.
Lackenbach Castle is
located in the village of the same name in the district of
Oberpullendorf. The center of the Renaissance building from the 16th
century is the arcaded courtyard surrounded by bastions. The landscaping
of the castle park with avenues and moats is also worth seeing. But the
village is also the location of one of the saddest chapters in the
history of Burgenland. From 1940 to 1945, the "Gypsy detention camp
Lackenbach" was located in Lackenbach, in which mainly members of the
Roma ethnic group were imprisoned by the National Socialists and were
forced to do forced labour. A few thousand people died as a result of
murder, deportation to other camps, overwork or exhaustion. Today there
is a memorial stone on the site of the concentration camp.
The
birthplace of Franz Liszt is located in the village of Raiding
(Oberpullendorf district) and is now a museum. The modern Franz Liszt
cultural center with a concert hall is also located in the village.
Bernstein: The mighty Bernstein Castle dates back to the 12th century
and was later given a baroque style. The Amber Rock Museum Potsch at
Hauptplatz 5 documents the mining and processing of precious serpentine
in the area around the city in the past and present.
Lockenhaus:
castle (13th century) and parish church (17th century). Between
Lockenhaus and Rechnitz is the cross-border nature park
Gewrittenstein-Írottkő with extensive hiking opportunities and a lookout
tower, which is exactly half in Austria and half in Hungary and allows
great distant views of both countries.
City of Rechnitz: The main
square is a well-preserved baroque ensemble. Outside the village there
is a memorial for several dozen Jews who were murdered in the vicinity
of the village and who passed here in 1945 on the death marches in
thousands from Hungary to Western Europe.
Güssing Castle,
picturesquely situated on an extinct volcano above Güssing, now houses
the oldest fortification in Burgenland, the Batthyány Museum with
several collections (Castle Museum, Princely Collection, cast iron
collection, history of the castle and rulers, collection of pewter
figures).
In the Geresdorf Ensemble open-air museum near Güssing,
more than 30 historic residential and farm buildings from southern
Burgenland have been set up as a village ensemble. They house a variety
of farmer's utensils and tools. The information center also includes a
tavern.
Water Sports and Relaxation in Burgenland
Lake Neusiedl
(Neusiedler See), Austria’s largest steppe lake and a UNESCO World
Heritage site, serves as a premier destination for all kinds of water
sports. Its shallow, warm waters and consistent winds create ideal
conditions for enthusiasts of every level.
The highlight is the
famous surf spot in Podersdorf am See, right on the eastern shore. This
lively village hosts the annual Surf World Cup, drawing top
international windsurfers, kitesurfers, and spectators for thrilling
competitions and a vibrant festival atmosphere. Beyond the big events,
you can enjoy kitesurfing, windsurfing, foiling, sailing, stand-up
paddling (SUP), or simply relaxing on the water. Surfing and kitesurfing
schools operate in Breitenbrunn, Podersdorf am See, and Neusiedl am See,
offering lessons, equipment rentals, and workshops for beginners and
advanced riders alike.
Neufelder See in Neufeld an der Leitha offers
another fantastic option. This crystal-clear lake, formed from a flooded
former coal mine, reaches depths of up to 23–30 meters and ranks among
eastern Austria’s top diving destinations. It attracts divers with
excellent visibility (often very good in deeper sections), diverse fish
life (including large perch, pike, zander, catfish, and carp), and
professional diving schools that provide taster courses, training, and
guided dives. Families and casual visitors enjoy swimming, sailing, SUP,
sunbathing on grassy shores, and scenic walking/cycling paths around the
lake.
Burgenland boasts numerous other beautiful bathing ponds and
lakes scattered across the region. Among them, the Sonnensee Ritzing
(Ritzing Lake) in the Oberpullendorf district stands out as one of
Austria’s most picturesque. Its exceptionally clean water, pleasant
swimming temperatures (often reaching 24°C), and romantic natural
setting with ample sunbathing areas make it a favorite for families and
those seeking tranquility.
In recent years, central and southern
Burgenland have developed into major centers for wellness tourism with
significant investment. Modern thermal baths provide comprehensive
relaxation and health-focused experiences:
AVITA Therme Bad
Tatzmannsdorf: A flagship resort featuring soothing thermal waters
(around 32–34°C from deep springs), extensive spa facilities, saunas,
fitness options, and treatments in a tranquil setting ideal for recovery
and rejuvenation.
Therme Stegersbach: Family-friendly with waves,
varied pools, wellness areas, and activities for all ages nestled in the
sunny hilly landscape.
Sonnentherme Lutzmannsburg: Specializes in
family and children’s wellness, with many attractions designed
especially for little ones while offering relaxation for parents.
These thermal spas combine healing waters, modern comfort, excellent
cuisine, and beautiful surroundings, making Burgenland a perfect
destination for both active water adventures and restorative wellness
getaways.
Burgenland cuisine is a distinctive regional style within Austrian
cooking, heavily shaped by its geography, history, and the mild, sunny
Pannonian climate of the Pannonian Plain. Burgenland, Austria’s
easternmost state bordering Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia, was part of
the Hungarian half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until after World War
I, which left a strong Hungarian (Magyar) influence. This results in
spicier dishes than typical in other parts of Austria, frequent use of
paprika, and a focus on hearty, flavorful preparations using local
ingredients.
The cuisine emphasizes seasonal and regional produce:
peppers, tomatoes, chillies, pumpkins, and other vegetables thrive in
the warm, dry conditions. Meats include steppe cattle, Mangalica
(curly-haired) pigs, free-range geese, and freshwater fish from Lake
Neusiedl (Neusiedler See). Potatoes are the most common side dish (often
in Hungarian-influenced styles like Greste Krumpian or roasted potatoes
with onions), alongside polenta in areas with Croatian minorities.
Key Influences and Characteristics
Hungarian/Pannonian Influence:
Paprika-spiced dishes, goulash-like stews, and bolder flavors. Terms
like "Zigeuner" (Gypsy-style) or "Serbisch" (Serbian-style) often signal
spicier preparations.
Austrian Classics with Twists: Strudels,
dumplings, roasted meats, and soups, adapted with local ingredients.
Lake Neusiedl and Wetlands: Abundant freshwater fish (zander, catfish,
carp, pike-perch).
Wine Culture: Burgenland is one of Austria’s
premier wine regions, producing full-bodied reds (Blaufränkisch,
Zweigelt), mineral whites, and exceptional sweet wines (especially
around the lake due to noble rot). Wines pair perfectly with the food,
often enjoyed in Heurigen (wine taverns) or along cellar lanes.
Modern Fusion: Chefs blend tradition with innovation, using high-quality
local products in Michelin-starred or farm-to-table settings.
Signature Dishes
Here are some standout traditional foods:
Pannonian Fish Soup (Pannonische Fischsuppe): A hearty, paprika-rich
soup featuring zander, catfish, or other lake fish, often with tomatoes,
peppers, onions, garlic, and bacon or lard for depth. It exemplifies the
spicy, warming Pannonian style and is a must-try near Lake Neusiedl.
Martinigans (St. Martin’s Goose): Roasted goose, traditionally served on
St. Martin’s Day (November 11). Often stuffed with plums, chestnuts, or
apples, accompanied by dumplings, red cabbage, and gravy. Goose and carp
are also common for Christmas.
Grammelpogatscherl: Small, savory
pastries or biscuits filled or mixed with Grammeln (pork
cracklings/fried pork fat cubes). A beloved snack or side, highlighting
the region’s pork traditions.
Burgenländischer Krautstrudel: Savory
strudel with a cabbage filling, wrapped in thin strudel dough. A
comforting, vegetarian-friendly option with Hungarian echoes.
Kürbis
Suppe (Pumpkin Soup): Simple, creamy soup made from local pumpkins,
often with warming spices. Reflects autumn harvests.
Paradeiskraut: A
stew or side of tomatoes (Paradeiser) and cabbage (Kraut), showcasing
the sunny vegetable bounty.
Other Notables:
Chicken Paprikash
(Paprikahendl): Paprika-spiced chicken stew.
Sterz: A simple peasant
dish of flour, fat, water, and salt (like a crumbly polenta or grits
variation); modern twists exist.
Roasted or stewed pork, venison, or
beef dishes with local sides like tomato-ginger cabbage or root
vegetable purees.
Desserts: Nuss Schnitten (nut slices), apple
strudel, plum pies, Kletzenbrot (dried fruit bread), and wedding baking
traditions.
Seasonal and Festive Eating
Spring: Cabbage
dishes.
Summer/Autumn: Fresh vegetables, pumpkin soups, plum/apple
desserts.
Winter/Holidays: Hearty roasts (goose, carp), preserved
meats, and rich pastries.
Pairings and Experiences
Burgenland
wines shine here: Blaufränkisch for reds with game or roasts, Zweigelt
for versatility, sweet Prädikat wines with desserts, and Uhudler (a
local specialty with wild strawberry notes) in the south.
Dining
often happens in cozy inns (Gasthöfe), Buschenschanken, or lakeside
spots. Look for "Burgenland Delicacies" establishments that emphasize
regional, seasonal sourcing and creative interpretations.
Burgenland, Austria’s easternmost and smallest federal state
(Bundesland), is one of the safest regions in Europe for residents and
visitors. It borders Lower Austria to the north and west, Styria to the
southwest, Slovakia (briefly) to the northeast, and Hungary to the east
and south. Its landscape includes the Neusiedler See (a UNESCO site),
vineyards, rural villages, and small towns like the capital Eisenstadt.
Security here benefits from Austria’s overall low crime environment,
rural character, and strong law enforcement.
Overall Crime Rates
and Safety Profile
Austria ranks among the safest countries globally
(e.g., top 5-10 in the Global Peace Index), with one of Europe’s lowest
crime rates. Burgenland, being predominantly rural and less
tourist-dense than Vienna or Salzburg, experiences even lower rates than
urban centers.
Violent crime is rare across Austria (homicide
rate ~0.7 per 100,000). Burgenland sees very few incidents; most are
isolated domestic or interpersonal cases.
Property crime (theft,
burglary, vandalism) dominates but remains low. Pickpocketing or bag
snatching occurs mainly in crowded spots or near borders/tourist sites,
but far less than in major cities.
Numbeo and traveler reports:
Austria’s national Crime Index hovers around 28-29 (low). Eisenstadt and
Burgenland-specific data align with this or better, with high safety
perceptions (e.g., solo female travelers rate it 4.5/5). Locals are
described as friendly and helpful.
Crime has seen slight national
increases in recent years (property, cyber, some violent), but
Burgenland remains tranquil. A national "Crime Atlas" aids police in
hotspot mapping and rapid response.
Solo female travelers, families,
and tourists generally feel very safe walking alone during the day or in
well-lit areas at night. Standard precautions (securing valuables,
awareness in crowds) suffice.
Police and Law Enforcement
Austrian Federal Police (Bundespolizei) handles most duties under the
Ministry of the Interior. Burgenland has provincial and district
commands with stations in Eisenstadt and smaller towns. Response times
are fast in this compact region.
Municipal/community policing:
Initiatives like “Safety in our communities” deploy officers to rural
areas without permanent stations. Community-oriented approaches
emphasize visibility and prevention.
Clear-up rates: Nationally
around 50%+ for reported crimes; effective use of technology (e.g.,
Crime Atlas GIS mapping) enhances this.
Police are professional,
well-trained, and approachable. Emergency number: 133 (police), 112
(EU-wide). English is often spoken in tourist areas.
Border
Security
Burgenland’s long border with Hungary (and short one with
Slovakia) is a key feature. Since Schengen Area membership, there are no
routine internal EU border controls, allowing free movement.
Occasional checks: Increased for migration/smuggling, human trafficking,
or specific threats (e.g., past exercises or disease controls). Random
vehicle/spot checks occur, especially on major routes.
Historical
context: The area was heavily affected by the Iron Curtain; today it’s
peaceful with cross-border cooperation (e.g., commuters, tourism, wine
regions).
Security is robust due to EU/Frontex frameworks and
bilateral Austria-Hungary ties. Issues like smuggling are monitored but
do not significantly impact daily visitor safety.
Terrorism and
Serious Threats
Austria’s national terrorism threat level is 4 (high)
on a 5-step scale, driven by Islamist extremism, foreign-inspired plots,
and occasional right-wing/left-wing activity. However, incidents are
rare and concentrated in Vienna or larger cities.
No major recent
attacks specific to Burgenland. Vigilance is advised in crowded events,
transport hubs, or tourist sites (e.g., Neusiedler See festivals,
Eisenstadt cultural events), but the risk is low compared to many
European countries.
Authorities actively disrupt plots; increased
police presence occurs at high-profile events.
Natural Disasters
and Environmental Risks
Burgenland is relatively flat/lowland
compared to Alpine Austria, reducing some hazards:
Flooding: Possible
around Neusiedler See or rivers, especially after heavy rains. Climate
change increases extremes.
Other: Minor landslides, storms, or winter
icing. No significant earthquake or avalanche risk.
Wildlife/Health:
Tick-borne diseases (e.g., Lyme, encephalitis) in forested/grassy areas
(March-November); use repellents. Standard EU health standards apply.
Emergency services are excellent and well-coordinated.
Practical
Security Tips for Visitors
Petty crime: Stay aware in tourist spots,
trains/buses, markets, or near borders. Use hotel safes, avoid flashing
valuables, and watch drinks in social settings.
Roads/Driving:
Excellent infrastructure; watch for speed cameras and winter conditions.
Volvo XC60 drivers (or similar) will find it straightforward.
Nighttime: Rural areas are quiet and safe, but use common sense in unlit
spots.
Health/Safety: Reliable medical care; pharmacies widespread.
For website content (e.g., ermakvagus.com travel guides), highlight
family-friendly wineries, cycling paths, and spas as low-risk
attractions.
Apps/Info: Use official sources like BMI (Interior
Ministry), OSAC, or apps for alerts. Carry ID (required in Austria).
Burgenland has an area of 3,965.20 km² and shares a 397 km long
national border mostly with Hungary, but also with Slovenia and Slovakia
to a small extent. Almost 40,000 hectares of Burgenland (almost 10% of
the total area) belong to the Esterhazy Foundation; making it the
largest private landowner in Burgenland and one of the largest in
Austria.
The highest elevation in Burgenland is the 884 m high
Gewrittenstein (Írott-kő), through the summit of which the state border
runs. The lowest point is the Hedwighof in the municipality of Apetlon
at 114 m, which is also the lowest point in all of Austria. The deepest
community is Illmitz at 116 m.
Depending on the definition, Lake
Neusiedl, which is characteristic of North Burgenland, is the largest or
second-largest lake in Austria (after Lake Constance).
There are
many mineral and thermal springs in Burgenland.
The geographic
center of Burgenland (coordinates: ♁47° 28′ 41.2″ N, 16° 34′ 17.8″ E) is
in Unterpullendorf (municipality of Frankenau-Unterpullendorf) and was
identified by Burgenland geographers with the “Center Stone “ (Basalt
stone from the Pauliberg). In the south, Riedel are characteristic of
the landscape.
In 2021 the border between Burgenland and Styria
was changed in the Burgauberg-Neudauberg and Neudau area. This border
shift was triggered by flood protection and the associated regulation of
the Lafnitz. Burgenland grew by 6000 square meters at the expense of
Styria.
In terms of landscape, Burgenland is divided into three regions, with
central Burgenland sometimes being assigned to southern Burgenland:
northern Burgenland, central Burgenland and southern Burgenland.
North Burgenland
In terms of landscape, northern Burgenland north of
the Sopron Mountains belongs largely to the Pannonian Plain and includes
the free cities of Eisenstadt and Rust as well as the districts of
Eisenstadt-Umwelt, Mattersburg and Neusiedl am See. Here is Lake
Neusiedl, a steppe lake surrounded by a wide reed belt, the "sea of the
Viennese". In its vicinity, the Lange Lacke nature reserve offers a
refuge for rare bird species. In 1992, the Neusiedler See-Seewinkel
National Park was established in this area, which continues across
borders in the Hungarian Fertő-Hanság National Park.
Central
Burgenland
Central Burgenland, consisting of the district of
Oberpullendorf, is hilly and is separated in the south by the Günser
Mountains, in which the 884 meter high Gewrittenstein is located, from
southern Burgenland, which is also hilly. The loamy soil is
characteristic of Central Burgenland. In between are some hills of
basalt, which are part of the extinct Transdanubian volcanic region. The
entire area is drained by the Rabnitz, which flows eastwards to the
Danube.
Southern Burgenland
Southern Burgenland consists of
the districts of Güssing, Jennersdorf and Oberwart. The hilly terrain
falls away from the East Styrian hill country and the Günser mountains
towards the south-east. The highest elevations in this part south of the
Günser Mountains are just over 400 meters above sea level. The south is
shaped by the Raab River and its many tributaries.
Almost the entire area of Burgenland drains via the Raab into
the Danube. While the Neusiedler See is tributary via the Einserkanal,
in southern Burgenland the Pinka and the Raab determine the waters
themselves. In the extreme north, the Leitha forms the historical border
river to Lower Austria. The Wulka rises in the Rosaliengebirge and flows
into Lake Neusiedl. The Zöbern is a left tributary of the Güns and flows
into it in the Burgenland market town of Lockenhaus. The Tauchbach or
Tauchen (Hungarian: Tava) is an approximately 40 km long tributary that
flows into the Pinka on the left.
The most important lakes, after
Lake Neusiedl, are Lake Neufeld in the Eisenstadt area, as well as Lange
Lacke, Darscho and Zicksee in Seewinkel.
Burgenland, Austria’s easternmost state, features a distinctive
Pannonian climate that sets it apart from the rest of the country. This
warm, continental influence from the Hungarian Plain brings hot, dry
summers and cold winters, with significantly less precipitation than the
Alpine regions to the west. The area enjoys around 300 days of sunshine
annually, making it one of Austria’s sunniest and mildest provinces.
Lake Neusiedl (Neusiedler See) and its surrounding reed beds create a
unique microclimate, especially in the Seewinkel area, where higher
humidity supports noble rot for exceptional sweet wines.
Summers in
Burgenland are warm to hot, with average highs often reaching 24–26°C
(75–79°F) in July and August, occasionally climbing higher. The dry
conditions and long sunny days are ideal for viticulture, particularly
for opulent red wines like Blaufränkisch. Winters are colder, with
January averages around freezing or below, and occasional snowfall,
though the region experiences fewer extreme cold snaps than
higher-altitude parts of Austria. Annual average temperature hovers
around 12°C (54°F), with moderate rainfall concentrated in the warmer
months.
This climate makes Burgenland a pleasant destination
year-round, though late spring through early autumn (May–September)
offers the most comfortable conditions for outdoor activities, wine
tasting, and exploring the countryside. The combination of warmth,
sunshine, and fertile soils supports thriving agriculture, from
vineyards to orchards, contributing to the region’s rich culinary
traditions.
Various levels of protection have been set up in Burgenland to
preserve habitats and landscapes. Another important goal is diversity,
uniqueness, beauty and the recreational value of nature and landscape.
This protection includes several protection areas or levels, some
objects or areas are wholly or partly in several categories:
There is
a national There is a national park, the Neusiedler See-Seewinkel
National Park, which forms the Austrian part of the UNESCO World
Heritage Cultural Landscape Fertő/Neusiedler See. See also: National
Parks in Austria and World Heritage in Austria
There is also:
29 nature reserves, see the list of nature reserves in Burgenland
8
landscape protection areas, see the list of landscape protection areas
in Burgenland
a protected part of the landscape, see the list of
protected parts of the landscape in Burgenland
15 European protected
areas, see the list of European protected areas in Burgenland
5
protected habitats, see List of protected habitats in Burgenland
6
nature parks (list for all of Austria)
Circa 400 BC the Celts settled in what is now Burgenland. Around
the time of Christ's birth, Burgenland became part of the (ancient)
Roman Empire; its territory belonged to the province of Pannonia. Roman
rule ended in 378 AD. The country was then settled by the Ostrogoths.
The Huns ruled here from 433 to 453 AD. In 454, the future Ostrogoth
king Theodoric the Great was born in the area of Lake Neusiedl. The
Lombards followed the Huns from 490 to 568. From 600 to 800 the country
was ruled by the Avars. At the end of the 8th century, the Frankish king
Charlemagne defeated the Avars and the country was incorporated into the
Frankish Empire as part of the Awarenmark. After 800 the first German
settlement took place under Charlemagne. In the 9th century it was part
of the Slavic Principality of Lake Balaton and the Great Moravian
Empire. In 907 the Magyars conquered the country.
Around 1260 the
Counts of Güssing owned 25 castles in the area. The Counts of
Mattersdorf-Forchtenstein, who came from Aragon in Spain, also owned
large estates in what is now northern and central Burgenland. At the
time of the first Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529, the villages in the
Seewinkel were devastated. Around 1530 Croats were settled in today's
Burgenland. The area, part of the Kingdom of Hungary, which had been
populated predominantly by Germans since the Turkish wars, had been
leased by the Hungarian kings in the Middle Ages to the Habsburgs as
archdukes of neighboring Austria below the Enns and as dukes of Styria,
which was also adjacent. When Habsburg inherited the Hungarian royal
crown in 1526, this lease became obsolete. In 1622 Nikolaus Esterházy
was enfeoffed with the rule of Forchtenstein and in 1648 with
Eisenstadt.
From 1648 to 1921 the area was under Hungarian
administration. In 1664 the country suffered from the Turkish War and in
1678 from the Kuruc War. At the time of the second Turkish siege of
Vienna, northern Burgenland was hit hard again.
After the
Austro-Hungarian settlement in 1867, the area later called German-West
Hungary was also subjected to the Magyarization that began throughout
Old Hungary, i. H. the attempt to successively convert or assimilate the
non-Magyar peoples of the Kingdom of Hungary, who made up around 50% of
the total population, to Magyars (Hungarians). This contrasted with the
right of self-determination demanded by Woodrow Wilson at the end of the
First World War for the peoples of the Danube monarchy.
After the
collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, the newly founded state of
German-Austria claimed, among other things, the German-speaking part of
western Hungary for itself. In the Treaty of St. Germain concluded
between Austria and the victorious powers of the First World War, the
area was granted to Austria in 1919; Hungary had to commit to ceding it
in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. After the establishment of the
short-lived Republic of Lajtabánság under the leadership of the
volunteer commander Pál Prónay in October 1921, the area was occupied by
the Austrian army in the following month and officially handed over from
Hungary to Austria on December 5, 1921. The attitude of the
German-speaking settlers in western Hungary to the union with Austria
was (rather) inconsistent for economic reasons. After violent protests
in Hungary, a referendum was held in December 1921 for Ödenburg
(Hungarian: Sopron), which was intended to be the capital of the new
federal state, and its surroundings, which led to Ödenburg remaining in
Hungary. The overall result of the referendum was a clear two-thirds
majority in favor of remaining with Hungary, as numerous voters from the
interior of the country were consulted. The communities around Sopron
voted for Austria (but still stayed with Hungary, since the voting area
was only counted as a unit); the majority of the population in the city
of Sopron voted to remain with Hungary.
Finally, in January 1923,
the town of Luising, now part of the municipality of Heiligenbrunn, was
added to Austria.
The admission of the province to the Republic
of Austria was regulated in the Federal Constitutional Law on the
position of Burgenland as an independent and equal province in the
federal government and on its provisional establishment of January 25,
1921.
The state name Heinzenland (after the Hianzn dialect, see
also the short-lived Republic of Heinzenland) was propagated by some
advocates of incorporation into the Republic of Austria, but the
proposal for Burgenland finally prevailed.
Burgenland was taken
over by Austrian administration in autumn 1921. Bad Sauerbrunn was the
provisional seat of the provincial government and administration until
1925; then the small town of Eisenstadt (Hungarian: Kismarton), which
had been relatively insignificant until then, was made the capital of
Burgenland.
In the "Greater German Reich" after the "Anschluss"
of Austria, the cities of Eisenstadt, Rust and the districts of
Eisenstadt, Mattersburg, Neusiedl am See and Oberpullendorf were added
to the Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 15, 1938, and the districts of
Güssing, Jennersdorf and Oberwart to the Reichsgau Styria.
fter
the end of the Second World War and the reestablishment of the Republic
of Austria in 1945 (Second Republic), Burgenland was re-established as a
federal state. Until 1955 it was in the Soviet occupation zone, until
1989 the Iron Curtain existed on its eastern border.
Since the
year 2000, Burgenland has received EU funding as development aid from
the European structural and investment funds.
In order to define
the border between Styria and Burgenland again along the course of the
Lafnitz river after human intervention, Burgenland became 6000 square
meters larger in 2021.
The name Burgenland ("Land of Castles") evokes the region's medieval
heritage, reflecting its formation from fragments of three historic
Hungarian counties (Komitate), each incorporating "Burg" (castle or
fortress) in its German name. These were:
Wieselburg (Hungarian:
Moson)
Ödenburg (Hungarian: Sopron)
Eisenburg (Hungarian: Vas)
Curiously, none of the actual castles or county seats that inspired
these names lie within modern Burgenland's borders. They are all located
on present-day Hungarian territory, underscoring the complex territorial
shifts after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Early
Proposals: From "Vierburgenland" to "Dreiburgenland"
In the turbulent
period following World War I, as Austria sought to secure
German-speaking areas of western Hungary, the proposed new province
initially included parts of a fourth county: Pressburg (Slovak:
Bratislava; Hungarian: Pozsony). In early 1919, Austrian claims extended
to sections of this county, prompting the name Vierburgenland ("Land of
Four Castles") in June 1919.
However, during the peace negotiations
(notably the Treaty of Saint-Germain), it became clear by mid-August
1919 that Pressburg/Bratislava would be awarded to the newly formed
Czechoslovakia. Austrian State Chancellor Karl Renner, communicating
from Saint-Germain, recommended shortening the name to Dreiburgenland
("Land of Three Castles") to reflect the adjusted territory.
The
Suggestion of "Burgenland"
The concise and evocative name Burgenland
is widely attributed to Gregor Meidlinger (1874–1948), a native of
Frauenkirchen in the region. On September 6, 1919, following a meeting
between a German-West Hungarian delegation and Chancellor Karl Renner,
Meidlinger reportedly proposed or interjected the name "Burgenland."
Meidlinger, a pharmacist, politician (associated with the Christian
Social Party), and advocate for the "Anschluss" of the area to Austria,
had been active in promoting German cultural interests in western
Hungary.
Prior to this, the region was commonly referred to as
Deutsch-Westungarn (German Western Hungary). The new name helped
solidify Austrian claims and distinguish the area from Hungarian
territory.
Official Adoption
The designation "Burgenland"
gained widespread acceptance and official status with the Federal
Constitutional Law of January 25, 1921, which established Burgenland as
an equal federal state (Bundesland) of Austria. It was further confirmed
by the first provincial assembly (Landtag) in 1922.
Why
"Burgenland" Fits Perfectly
Although none of the original "Burg"
county seats are in the province, the name remains highly appropriate.
Burgenland is rich in historic fortifications, border castles, and
medieval strongholds built to defend against invasions (e.g., from the
Ottomans). Iconic sites include Burg Güssing, Burg Schlaining, Burg
Forchtenstein, and Burg Bernstein — many of which are now popular
tourist attractions offering panoramic views, museums, and insights into
the region's layered history as a frontier zone between empires.
This
etymology highlights Burgenland's identity as a cultural and historical
bridge between Austria and Hungary, shaped by centuries of shared yet
contested heritage. For visitors to your site, it adds depth to
explorations of the province's charming towns, vineyards, and fortresses
— remnants of a turbulent past that forged its unique character.
Burgenland stretches north-south (~143 km) and is narrow east-west
(max ~58 km). It includes lowlands in the north and east (part of the
Little Hungarian Plain/Pannonian Basin, lowest point ~114 m near
Apetlon), rolling hills (Riedelland), and modest mountains in the
west/south (e.g., Leithagebirge up to ~484 m, Rosaliengebirge ~748 m,
Günser Gebirge up to 884 m at Geschriebenstein).
The Pannonian
climate dominates much of the north and east: hot, dry summers, cold
winters, low precipitation, and high evaporation. This favors
drought-tolerant, thermophilous (warm-loving) species. Soils vary from
calcareous to acidic, sandy to loamy, with saline patches in the
Seewinkel. Higher/wetter western and southern areas show more Central
European/Alpine affinities. Human influences (vineyards, agriculture,
grazing, forestry) have shaped much of the vegetation, but protected
areas preserve natural diversity.
Key habitats include:
Lowlands and steppes (especially Seewinkel/National Park Neusiedler
See-Seewinkel, a UNESCO site).
Vineyards and cultural landscapes.
Dry grasslands/heaths.
Wetlands, reed beds, and saline lakes
(Salzlacken/Sodalacken).
Forests (oak-hornbeam, beech, etc.).
Mountains and hills.
Major Vegetation Types and Characteristic
Plants
Vegetation is classified into plant communities (associations,
alliances, etc.) based on species composition and site conditions. Much
is semi-natural due to historical grazing and land use.
1.
Puszta/Steppe and Dry Grasslands (Halophytic and Xerothermic
Communities)
The Seewinkel’s saline soda lakes/pans (Zicklacken) host
Europe’s most diverse halophytic flora (~50 species). These extreme
habitats (high salinity, periodic flooding/drying) support specialists
adapted to salt stress.
Halophytes: Suaeda species
(saltworts/Salzmelden, e.g., large and small), Salicornia (glassworts),
Salsola (saltworts), Puccinellia (alkali grasses), Aster tripolium (sea
aster/Salz-Aster), Bupleurum tenuissimum (slender
hare’s-ear/Salz-Hasenohr), and others like Camphorosma or Plantago
maritima relatives.
Dry/semi-dry grasslands and steppe heaths: On
loess, sand, or gravel—rich in thermophilous species. Examples: Adonis
vernalis (spring pheasant’s eye/Frühlings-Adonisröschen), Iris variegata
(Hungarian iris), Stipa (feather grasses), Festuca species, Potentilla
alba (white cinquefoil), Serratula tinctoria (saw-wort), Astragalus
species (milkvetches), Genista (brooms), Ononis spinosa (spiny
restharrow), dwarf almond (Prunus tenella), and orchids like Orchis
purpurea.
These are often maintained by grazing (traditional
Puszta-like management) and are threatened by intensification,
abandonment, or invasives.
2. Forests and Woodlands
No primary
virgin forests remain, but varied semi-natural types exist.
Oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinion): Widespread, with Quercus petraea
(sessile oak), Q. robur (pedunculate), Carpinus betulus (hornbeam), Acer
campestre (field maple), and herbs like Melica uniflora, Viola
mirabilis, Campanula persicifolia.
Thermophilous oak forests: On
warm/dry sites—Quercus pubescens (downy oak/Flaum-Eiche) woods with
Cornus mas (Cornelian cherry), Laser trilobum, Himantoglossum adriaticum
(Adriatic lizard orchid), etc. Acidic variants with Quercus cerris
(Turkey oak) and Serratula tinctoria.
Beech forests (Fagion): In
higher/wetter western/southern hills/mountains—Fagus sylvatica (beech)
with Galium odoratum (woodruff), orchids, etc. Acidic types with Luzula.
Floodplain/Auen and alder carr: Along rivers (e.g., Lafnitz,
Pinka)—Salix, Populus, Fraxinus angustifolia (narrow-leaved ash), Alnus
glutinosa (alder) in swamps. Rare species like Gagea spathacea.
Pine
forests (Pinus sylvestris): On dry/acidic sites, often planted.
Invasives/Neophytes: Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) spreads and
alters soils; Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) in some areas.
3. Wetlands, Reed Beds, and Aquatic Vegetation
Extensive reed
beds (Phragmites australis) around Neusiedler See.
Wet meadows, fens,
and temporary wetlands.
Aquatic plants in lakes and ponds.
4.
Cultural and Ruderal Landscapes
Vineyards (famous for reds like
Blaufränkisch, sweets via noble rot), fields, and settlements host many
species, including archaeophytes and some rares.
Biodiversity
Highlights and Conservation
Pannonian endemics/relicts: Many species
with Pontic, sub-Mediterranean, or steppe distributions (e.g., Syringa
josikae, certain Astragalus, Vincetoxicum pannonicum).
Orchids and
showy plants: Rich in the region, including protected species.
Threats: Habitat loss from agriculture intensification, drainage,
invasives, climate change (favoring some thermophiles but stressing
wetlands), and succession (overgrowth of grasslands).
Protection:
National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel, Natura 2000 sites, nature
reserves. Efforts include grazing management for grasslands and saline
habitats. Many species are on Red Lists; ~33% of Austria’s vascular
plants are endangered overall.
Resources for deeper exploration: The
excellent Burgenlandflora.at website details ~2,300 species with
descriptions, ecology, distribution, and images; it builds on the
Pflanzenführer Burgenland by Fischer & Fally. Botanical walks in the
Seewinkel or Leithagebirge offer great opportunities to see the flora.
Burgenland, Austria’s easternmost state, features a diverse fauna
shaped by its Pannonian lowland landscape, including the shallow
Neusiedler See (Lake Neusiedl), extensive reed belts, saline soda lakes
(Lacken), steppes, meadows, vineyards, and agricultural areas. This
creates a mosaic of habitats blending Alpine, Mediterranean, Asian
(Pannonian), and northern European influences, making it one of
Austria’s biodiversity hotspots, especially for birds.
The Neusiedler
See-Seewinkel National Park (a cross-border UNESCO and Ramsar site with
Hungary) is the crown jewel for wildlife, protecting wetlands, reed
beds, dry grasslands, and saline pools. It supports unique steppe and
wetland species, with some animals reintroduced or conserved through
grazing management using traditional breeds.
Mammals
Burgenland hosts common Central European mammals alongside steppe
specialists. Larger species thrive in woodlands, fields, and park areas.
Ungulates and large herbivores: Roe deer and red deer are widespread. In
the National Park, semi-wild or managed herds include Hungarian Grey
Cattle (impressive long-horned steppe cattle), water buffalo,
Przewalski’s horses (reintroduced wild horses), and rare white Baroque
donkeys (one of the last small herds worldwide). These grazers help
maintain open landscapes.
Carnivores and smaller mammals: Foxes,
badgers, martens, hares, and wild boar are common. Beavers inhabit
rivers and wetlands. More elusive species include otters in aquatic
areas. The Eurasian lynx and wolves are rare or vagrant in broader
Austria but not typical in Burgenland’s lowlands. Small mammals include
rodents like the tundra vole (noted as a rare find).
Bats: Various
species (part of Austria’s ~30 bat species) roost in the region.
Overall, Austria has ~81-98 mammal species; Burgenland’s share
emphasizes lowland and wetland-adapted ones.
Birds
This is
Burgenland’s standout group, with the Neusiedler See area hosting over
350 recorded species, ~120-178 breeding (including ~145 regular
breeders). It serves as a critical stopover on the European-African
migration route.
Waders, waterbirds, and wetland species: Herons
(grey, purple, night, squacco), spoonbills, storks (white storks nest on
rooftops), avocets, Kentish plovers, greylag and white-fronted geese,
great bustards (conservation success story; Europe’s heaviest flying
bird), and various ducks. Reed beds support warblers, bitterns, and
penduline tits.
Raptors and others: White-tailed sea eagles, various
harriers (e.g., Montagu’s), red-footed falcons, bee-eaters (colorful
summer visitors), imperial eagles (rarer), and owls (e.g., short-eared,
long-eared). Ground-nesters like plovers and bustards benefit from open
steppes.
Seasonal highlights: Massive goose flocks in autumn/winter;
spring/summer breeding and migration peaks (April-May,
August-September). Species like bee-eaters arrive in May.
The park’s
diversity stems from varied microhabitats: reed belts, saline shores,
meadows, and vineyards.
Reptiles and Amphibians
The region
supports a good variety of herpetofauna due to wetlands and warm
Pannonian climate.
Amphibians: Fire-bellied toad (iconic, in clear
waters and meadows like Zitzmannsdorfer Wiesen), European tree frog,
green toad, spadefoot toad, various frogs (moor, agile, pool, marsh,
edible), and newts (Danube crested, smooth). They thrive in reed edges,
lakes, and temporary pools.
Reptiles: Grass snake (common in
wetlands), European green lizard, sand lizard, and common (viviparous)
lizard. These favor sunny, open areas and shores.
Many are protected;
amphibians especially benefit from conservation grazing that keeps
habitats open.
Fish
Neusiedler See (shallow, slightly saline,
fluctuating levels) and connected waters support native and some
introduced species.
Common natives: Pike, zander (pike-perch),
European carp, wels catfish, various cyprinids (bleak, breams, ruffe,
roach, rudd), sticklebacks, and minnows.
Others: Prussian carp and
pumpkinseed (introduced). The lake is important for
commercial/recreational fishing and ecology.
Invertebrates
Insects and other invertebrates are highly diverse, supporting the food
web.
Notable: South Russian tarantula (fascinating, shy, and largely
harmless to humans; a steppe specialist).
Butterflies, bees,
dragonflies, and other pollinators abound in meadows and salt sites.
Endangered or specialized species tie to specific habitats like saline
pools.
Macrozoobenthos (bottom-dwellers) in lakes are monitored for
water quality.
Conservation and Threats
Many species are
protected under national/EU laws (e.g., Natura 2000). The National Park
emphasizes habitat management, grazing with traditional breeds, and
monitoring (birds, fish, salinity). Great bustard recovery is a success,
but challenges include agricultural intensification (reducing meadows),
water level fluctuations, illegal persecution (e.g., of raptors in
northern Burgenland), and climate impacts.
Since Burgenland was traditionally economically backward, many
Burgenlanders emigrated to big cities and to America, making Vienna and
Chicago the cities with the largest "Burgenland" populations, ahead of
Eisenstadt.
In the 2001 census, 19,374 people across Austria
stated that they spoke Burgenland-Croatian, with 16,245 residing in
Burgenland itself. According to the self-assessment of the ethnic group,
their number is 40,000. There were also 4,704 Burgenland-Hungarians
(self-estimated 25,000). 263 indicated Romany as their colloquial
language. However, the real number of Burgenland Roma is probably also
significantly higher.
The various ethnic groups are legally
recognized as autochthonous language groups. The Croatian and Hungarian
Burgenlanders as well as the Sinti and Roma are therefore entitled to
use their languages in public correspondence. Based on a decision by the
Council of Ministers of May 23, 2000, place-name signs with bilingual
inscriptions in German/Croatian (47 places) and German/Hungarian (4
places ) set up. Their existence and the high 25 percent limit are no
longer discussed controversially in Burgenland - there were also heated
debates about this in the 1970s, but the discussions about bilingual
place-name signs never escalated to the level of the place-name sign
dispute in Carinthia.
Austria's least populated federal state exceeded the 300,000 mark for
the first time on 1 January 2023 with 301,311 inhabitants, making it
only slightly more populous than Graz. With a percentage increase of
1.3%, Burgenland, after Vienna, had the largest increase in the period
from January 2022 to January 2023.
While the number of
inhabitants is stagnating or declining in central Burgenland and
southern Burgenland (districts: Jennersdorf, Güssing, Oberwart and
Oberpullendorf), the number of inhabitants in northern Burgenland
(districts: Mattersburg, Eisenstadt area, Neusiedl/See, Eisenstadt and
Rust) is steadily increasing (sometimes sharply). to.
With Franz
Liszt (* October 22, 1811, Raiding; † July 31, 1886, Bayreuth) and
Joseph Haydn (* March 31, 1732, Rohrau; † May 31, 1809, Vienna), two
important classical composers and musicians have a close relationship
Relation to the area of today's Burgenland.
Although the majority of Burgenlanders, like the rest of Austria, are
predominantly Roman Catholic, there is a relatively high proportion of
Protestants here at 14%, who live in the 29 parishes of the
Superintendent A. B. Burgenland and in the evangelical parish H.B.
Oberwart are organized.
There used to be a large and important
Jewish culture, especially in the so-called "seven communities"
(Eisenstadt, Mattersburg, Kittsee, Frauenkirchen, Kobersdorf, Lackenbach
and Deutschkreutz) with a high percentage of Jewish population. In
Lackenbach in 1869, 62% of the population was Jewish; however, the
largest Jewish community in Burgenland was that in Mattersburg. By the
end of the 19th century, Jews made up more than a third of the
population here. In 1938 all Jews were expelled from Burgenland or
murdered, there is very little left of Jewish life in Burgenland in the
past.
The patron saint of Burgenland is Saint Martin of Tours.
The Burgenland Parliament (Burgenländischer Landtag) serves as the
unicameral legislative body of Burgenland, Austria's easternmost federal
state, which borders Hungary and is known for its rolling hills,
vineyards, and cultural diversity. Established in 1922 following
Burgenland's incorporation into Austria after World War I, the Landtag
consists of 36 members elected every five years via proportional
representation across seven electoral districts. It convenes in the
state capital of Eisenstadt and holds primary responsibility for
regional legislation on matters such as education, healthcare,
agriculture, tourism, and environmental protection, while coordinating
with Austria's federal government on national issues.
As of the 2025
election, the current 22nd Landtag is led by President Robert Hergovich
(SPÖ), with a coalition government formed by the Social Democratic Party
of Austria (SPÖ, 17 seats) and the Greens (2 seats), facing opposition
from the Freedom Party (FPÖ, 9 seats) and the Austrian People's Party
(ÖVP, 8 seats). Visitors to Eisenstadt can explore the historic
parliament building near the iconic Esterházy Palace, where public
sessions and debates offer insight into Austria's vibrant federal
democracy and Burgenland's unique blend of Austrian, Hungarian, and
Croatian influences. For more details on sessions, visit the official
site at bgld-landtag.at.
The strongly rural Burgenland was governed by provincial
governors from the ÖVP until 1964, since then all have belonged to the
SPÖ. The social democrats benefited from the structural change, which
was reflected in a sharp decline in employment in agriculture and in a
high number of commuters to Vienna and Graz. Due to its decades of
dominance, the party has a dense network of political structures down to
the lowest political level. Especially since there are no large urban
centers, the election results of the Neos and Greens are well below the
national average, and the FPÖ also achieves poorer results. In
Burgenland, too, the proportion of regular voters has steadily declined.
While the SPÖ won the absolute majority in the 2020 state elections in
Burgenland, the ÖVP became the strongest party in the 2019 national
elections in Austria and the 2019 European elections in Austria for the
first time since the 1960s.
After the 2020 state elections, the
state government of Burgenland, with its headquarters in the Landhaus,
will consist of five members of the SPÖ. After proportional
representation was abolished in 2015, this is the first one-man
government in Burgenland since 1945. Between 2015 and 2020, a coalition
of the SPÖ and the FPÖ governed.
In the 2017 local council elections, the Social Democratic Party of
Austria (SPÖ) remained the strongest political force in Burgenland with
44.4% of the vote, although it experienced slight losses compared to
previous elections. Despite this, the Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP)
performed strongly at 41.9% and managed to secure additional mayoral
positions. As a result, both major parties ended up with an equal number
of mayors — 74 each — reflecting a relatively balanced distribution of
local leadership across the state’s municipalities.
In the more
recent 2022 local council elections, the SPÖ achieved a significant
gain, increasing its share to 48.8% and expanding its influence with 95
mayors. The ÖVP, on the other hand, saw a decline in support to 39.9%,
resulting in 71 mayors. These results underscore the SPÖ’s continued
dominance in Burgenland’s local politics, while also highlighting the
competitive nature of regional governance in this easternmost Austrian
state.
The official coat of arms of Burgenland is rich in symbolism and
reflects the region’s historical ties to Hungary and its Austrian
identity. It is described as follows:
In a golden field, a red eagle
sits naturally on a black mountain, looking to the left. The eagle is
gold-crowned, red-tongued, and gold-armored, with outstretched wings and
black paw crosses. On its chest rests a shield divided three times in
red and white ermine.
The eagle represents strength, vigilance, and
sovereignty, while the black mountain may symbolize the hilly landscape
and the region’s geological features. The red-and-white ermine shield on
the eagle’s chest connects to the historical heraldry of the region,
which was once part of the Kingdom of Hungary. This coat of arms is
widely displayed on public buildings, official documents, and local
landmarks throughout Burgenland.
The state of Burgenland offers modern digital services through its
e-Government Burgenland online platform. This user-friendly portal
provides both online forms and printable versions, allowing citizens,
businesses, and visitors to submit applications and documents to the
state government, authorities, and municipal offices — anytime and from
anywhere.
The platform serves as a central hub for a wide range of
administrative procedures covering areas such as employment,
construction and housing, health services, social affairs, education,
environment, and more. It uses advanced form solutions developed by the
Austrian IT service provider aforms2web, ensuring secure, efficient, and
streamlined interactions with public administration. This digital
infrastructure makes dealing with bureaucracy significantly easier,
whether you are a resident handling official matters or a traveler
needing specific permits or information.
The A2, A3, A4 and A6 motorways run partly through Burgenland.
Likewise the Burgenland-Straße (B 50) and the Burgenland-Schnellstraße
(S 31).
The Raaberbahn, the Pannoniabahn, the Neusiedler Seebahn
and the partly disused Pinkatalbahn run through Burgenland. There was
also the Südburgenländische Regionalbahn.
In Burgenland there are
some regional bus lines (mainly ÖBB post buses and buses from Südburg),
which belong to the Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region (VOR). In 2021, the
Burgenland transport company was also founded to improve the public
transport infrastructure in southern Burgenland.
Since December
2016 there have been three city bus routes in the state capital of
Eisenstadt: Georg (line 1), Vitus (line 2) and Martin (line 3). In
December 2018, the Fanny line (line 4) was put into operation. Lines 1,
2 and 3 run every half hour, line 4 every hour. None of the lines run on
Sundays.
With a narrow-gauge railway to Lake Neusiedl,
Burgenland's second largest city, Neusiedl am See, had its own
non-electrified tram line from 1928 to 1939. From December 2006 to June
2014, Neusiedl am See also had a city bus line that was operated under
the name ne'mo (neusiedl mobil).
Due to a lack of alternatives, the country was long characterized by
agriculture. As an economically underdeveloped federal state of Austria,
Burgenland was declared a target 1 area of the European Union in 1995.
These subsidies continued in a "phasing out" phase until 2013.
Burgenland has continued to develop economically over the past ten
years. In comparison with the gross domestic product of the European
Union expressed as purchasing power standard (PPS), the region achieves
an index of 89 (EU-28: 100, Austria: 129) (2014). There is still a
north-south divide in economic power. These disparities can only be
reduced very slowly. Around 23,000 Burgenlanders commute to work in
Vienna as daily or weekly commuters, depending on the distance. In 2017,
the degree of motorization (passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants) was
659.
Burgenland is characterized by agriculture. Along with Lower
Austria, it is the most important wine-growing region in Austria. 11,284
hectares (as of November 30, 2022) are cultivated in Burgenland
viticulture.[35] It is divided into the following wine-growing regions:
Lake Neusiedl (6,675 ha)
Leithaberg (3,097 ha)
Rust (412 ha)
Rosalia (297 ha)
Central Burgenland (2,104 ha)
Eisenberg (515 ha)
In addition to the provincial capital Eisenstadt, important economic
locations are the Burgenland business parks: Kittsee, Parndorf/Neusiedl
am See, Müllendorf and Heiligenkreuz are already existing business
settlements, Oberpullendorf/Steinberg-Dörfl and
Rudersdorf/Deutsch-Kaltenbrunn are in planning or under construction.
Leading companies in Burgenland include Unger Stahlbau, Melecs,
Leier International and Becom Electronics.
Burgenland is a
European pioneer in the field of wind energy. In 2000, around three
percent of the electricity produced in the country came from wind
turbines; in 2011 it was already half. In 2013, the country was
self-sufficient in terms of electricity, as more than 100 percent of the
electricity used in the country was generated from renewable energies.
Several large wind farms were also built: The Andau/halbturn wind farm,
for example, has 79 Enercon E-101 wind turbines and an installed
capacity of 237 MW. When it was completed, it was the largest wind farm
in Central Europe.
Another important economic factor is summer
tourism.
Tourism figures in Burgenland have improved continuously in recent
years. However, it cannot keep up with the tourist strongholds in
western Austria when it comes to the number of overnight stays. With a
lack of ski areas and an increasingly rare frozen Lake Neusiedl (largest
natural ice rink in Central Europe), there is hardly any winter tourism.
The driving forces behind tourism in Burgenland are Lake Neusiedl, the
thermal baths of St. Martins Therme & Lodge, Lutzmannsburg, Stegersbach
and Bad Tatzmannsdorf and, last but not least, the wine, which is
cultivated almost throughout Burgenland.
The more than 5000 km
long, well-developed cycle path network is particularly popular.
Although the northern part of Burgenland is rather flat, bike tours can
get tiring when the wind blows through the country. (See: cycle path in
Burgenland)
Shopping tourism should not be underestimated. There
are now two designer outlets near Parndorf (including Central Europe's
largest outlet and the largest private employer in Burgenland), with
over 230 shops and restaurants. These attract more than six million
guests every year, who come not only from nearby Vienna, but from all
over Eastern Europe and sometimes even from other continents for
shopping tours. As many customers do not manage to manage the entire
outlet in one day, a hotel (Burgenland's highest skyscraper) opened on
the site in 2009.
Many guests also bring cultural events to
Burgenland, e.g. B. the lake festival Mörbisch and the opera festival in
Sankt Margarethen. An important tourist magnet is the Familypark
Neusiedlersee (formerly the Fairy Tale Forest), the largest amusement
park in Austria, which attracts more than 600,000 guests every year. The
municipalities with the highest number of overnight stays are Podersdorf
am See and Bad Tatzmannsdorf.
The supreme police department is the state police headquarters in
Eisenstadt. In every district except Rust there is a district police
command, which is responsible for the individual police departments. In
2016, as a pilot project in some communities, the security partners were
founded to increase the sense of security and to alert the police if
necessary.
In 2011, a total of 319 volunteer fire brigades and 7
company fire brigades, which are organized in the Burgenland State Fire
Brigade Association, were responsible for fire protection and general
assistance. There are no professional fire brigades in Burgenland. The
association's own state fire brigade school in Eisenstadt provides
training for around 15,000 fire brigade members.
The rescue
service in Burgenland is mainly carried out by the Red Cross. The
Samaritan Federation also maintains a group with bases.
The
coordination of the blue light organizations is carried out throughout
the state by the LSZ Burgenland (state security center) with its
headquarters in Landhaus Eisenstadt. The storm warnings for Lake
Neusiedl are also triggered here.
The University of Applied Sciences Burgenland (Hochschule Burgenland
/ FH Burgenland) operates two main campuses, offering a strong blend of
theoretical knowledge and practical, career-oriented training.
Eisenstadt campus (northern Burgenland) focuses on Information
Technology, Social Work, and Business Studies (with emphasis on Central
and Eastern Europe). It features programs in areas like Business
Informatics and related fields.
Pinkafeld campus (southern
Burgenland) specializes in Energy and Environmental Management, as well
as Health fields. Recent additions include new bachelor's programs in
Biomedical Science and Radiological Technology, positioning it as a key
hub for health education.
Students at the University of Applied
Sciences Burgenland currently pay no tuition fees for bachelor's and
master's degree programs (though a small compulsory student union and
insurance fee applies, as is standard in Austria). This makes it an
attractive and affordable option for both domestic and international
students.
In addition to the UAS, Eisenstadt is home to two other
notable institutions:
The Private University of Education
Burgenland (PPH Burgenland / Pädagogische Hochschule Burgenland), which
trains and provides continuing education for teachers across all school
levels, including programs in elementary education.
The Joseph Haydn
Privathochschule des Landes Burgenland (formerly Joseph Haydn
Conservatory), a prestigious music academy offering higher education in
musical performance, pedagogy, and artistic research. Named after the
famous composer Joseph Haydn, who spent nearly 30 years in Eisenstadt
working for the Esterházy family, the institution hosts concerts,
competitions (such as Prima la musica), and international students.
Furthermore, the European Peace University (European University
Center for Peace Studies) operated in the historic town of
Stadtschlaining until 2014. It offered postgraduate programs in peace,
conflict resolution, human rights, and related fields, attracting
students from over 90 countries before its accreditation was withdrawn.
Franz Liszt (born October 22, 1811, in Raiding; died July 31, 1886,
in Bayreuth) and Joseph Haydn (born March 31, 1732, in Rohrau; died May
31, 1809, in Vienna) both have strong historical connections to the
region that is now Burgenland.
Franz Liszt
Liszt, the
legendary composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, and teacher, was born
in the small town of Raiding (then part of the Kingdom of Hungary). His
father, Adam Liszt, worked as a steward and musician for the wealthy
Esterházy princely family. The modest house where the young Franz spent
his earliest years now serves as the Liszthaus Raiding museum (opened in
1979), featuring personal artifacts, documents, and instruments that
illuminate his formative childhood.
A modern concert hall adjacent to
the birthplace, opened in 2006, regularly hosts performances. The annual
Liszt Festival Raiding celebrates his genius with concerts and events
throughout the year, drawing music lovers to this peaceful corner of
Burgenland.
Liszt maintained a lifelong pride in his Hungarian roots
and returned to Raiding several times (notably between 1840 and 1881),
keeping a personal connection to his birthplace alive.
Joseph
Haydn
Joseph Haydn, often called the "Father of the Symphony" and a
pivotal composer of the Classical period, was born in the thatched-roof
farmhouse in Rohrau, built around 1728 by his father, master wheelwright
Mathias Haydn. He spent the first six years of his life there before
moving to relatives for musical training.
The Haydn Birthplace (Haydn
Geburtshaus) in Rohrau stands as a well-preserved museum, offering
visitors insight into the humble rural origins that shaped one of
music's greatest talents. Haydn later served the Esterházy family for
decades, further linking his career to the cultural landscape of the
region.
Wander Bertoni (1925–2019)
In addition to these
musical giants, Burgenland has attracted notable 20th- and 21st-century
artists.
Wander Bertoni, a celebrated Austrian-Italian sculptor,
lived in Winden am See from 1965 onward. There, he created and
maintained a remarkable open-air museum (Skulpturenpark) featuring over
400 of his dynamic, large-scale works displayed across expansive grounds
surrounding his home. Visitors can wander among the sculptures in a
scenic lakeside setting, and in the past, some even received personal
guided tours from the artist himself.
Anton Lehmden (1929–2018)
Anton Lehmden, a prominent painter, graphic artist, and printmaker
associated with the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism, acquired the
historic Renaissance-era Schloss Deutschkreutz (Deutschkreutz Castle) in
Burgenland in 1966. He meticulously restored the castle over many years,
transforming it into a vibrant cultural center.
Inside, on
approximately 800 m² of exhibition space, visitors can explore a
comprehensive collection of his imaginative, often surreal and intense
works. The castle continues to serve as a significant venue showcasing
his unique artistic vision.
There are cultural offerings mainly in summer, with the Lockenhaus
Chamber Music Festival founded by Gidon Kremer in 1981 (Nicolas
Altstaedt has been the artistic director since 2012) in the parish
church and castle in the municipality of Lockenhaus, the Mörbisch Lake
Festival on the lake stage on Lake Neusiedl, the opera festival in the
Roman quarry in St. Margarethen, the Kobersdorf Castle Games, the
Güssing Castle Games, Güssing Musicals, Güssing Cultural Summer,
Festival summer Jennersdorf or the Europa-Symposium Kaisersteinbruch
with the Kaisersteinbrucher concerts.
The courtyard of Tabor
Castle, with two-storey arcades, is used in summer for the performance
of an opera and for numerous other events.
Due to the many
minorities, folk customs in Burgenland are particularly varied. Cultural
events such as Croatian or Hungarian home evenings are also held by the
minorities. With Romano Rath from Oberwart there is also a well-known
Roma band in Burgenland.
A cultural partnership was concluded
with the German city of Bayreuth in 1990. The musician Franz Liszt, born
in Raiding in Burgenland, was the father-in-law of the composer Richard
Wagner from his second marriage to Cosima. In Bayreuth, where Wagner had
his festival theater built, Liszt was a guest several times and died
there in 1886. His grave is in the Bayreuth city cemetery.
The
central contact point for culture in Eisenstadt is the
Kultur-Kongress-Zentrum Eisenstadt on Franz-Schubert-Platz.
Burgenland comes alive with a rich calendar of festivals from June
through September, offering something for every taste amid the region’s
scenic vineyards, historic towns, and welcoming atmosphere. Many events
take place in or near Wiesen, a small village that has earned a
reputation as a major hub for open-air music festivals. Throughout the
summer months, the iconic festival grounds in Wiesen host a variety of
large-scale events spotlighting rock, reggae, jazz, electronic, and drum
& bass music. Visitors can enjoy high-energy performances by
international world stars alongside emerging artists across multiple
stages.
Popular highlights in Wiesen include the One Love Festival (a
reggae-focused event) and major electronic/drum & bass gatherings that
draw thousands of fans for multi-day celebrations filled with powerful
sound systems, vibrant crowds, and immersive summer vibes.
Nearby
Eisenstadt, the capital of Burgenland, has also built a strong festival
tradition. Since 2016, it has hosted notable jazz and rock events, often
set against the elegant backdrop of Schloss Esterházy (Esterházy Palace)
and its beautiful park. One standout is the Lovely Days Festival, a
one-day rock celebration in July that blends classic ’60s and ’70s icons
with newer bands in a picturesque castle setting.
Nickelsdorf,
located close to the Hungarian border, is home to Austria’s largest rock
festival: Nova Rock. Held annually in June at the expansive Pannonia
Fields site, this massive four-day event attracts up to 160,000 (or
more) visitors from Austria and abroad. Since its debut in 2005, Nova
Rock has featured legendary rock and metal acts on multiple stages,
creating an unforgettable party atmosphere with camping options, diverse
food vendors, and non-stop music.
The same town also welcomes the
acclaimed Konfrontationen jazz festival every July since 1980. Organized
by the Jazzgalerie Nickelsdorf, this intimate yet adventurous event goes
beyond standard concerts to include film screenings, art exhibitions,
theater performances, and literary readings. It emphasizes free
improvisation, avant-garde, and boundary-pushing jazz, making it a
favorite among serious music enthusiasts.
For a more intimate
experience, the Picture On Festival in the tiny border village of
Bildein (population around 350) has been drawing fans since 2000. This
charming rock festival takes place right in the village center over two
days in early August, creating a unique, community-focused vibe where
well-known musicians and bands perform in an unusually personal setting.
Music lovers should also explore the Cselley Mühle (Csello Mühle) in
Oslip, a historic mill turned into one of Burgenland’s most important
cultural centers since its founding in 1976. This venue regularly hosts
concerts, cabaret performances, theater, and other events in a rustic,
atmospheric setting—often paired with excellent local wines and cuisine.
It serves as a year-round hub for artistic expression and has celebrated
its 50th anniversary with special programming.
Beyond music,
Burgenland nurtures literary talent through the “Golden Cloverleaf”
(Goldenes Kleeblatt) literary competition. Organized regularly by the
“Non-violent Burgenland” forum, this contest encourages creative writing
and highlights local voices, adding an intellectual dimension to the
region’s vibrant cultural landscape.
Whether you’re a die-hard rock
fan, jazz aficionado, or seeker of intimate cultural experiences,
Burgenland’s summer festivals combine world-class performances with the
province’s warm hospitality, stunning landscapes, and rich
heritage—making it an ideal destination for memorable summer adventures.
Check official websites for current lineups, tickets, and dates, as
programs evolve each year.
Esterházy Palace: The baroque palace has been owned by the noble
Esterházy family since the 17th century; Landmark of the state capital
Halbturn Castle: Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt erected the baroque
building at the beginning of the 18th century and the castle served as a
hunting lodge and summer residence for the imperial family. Today the
castle, together with its castle park, is the venue for events.
Kobersdorf Castle: Franz Graf Kery built a late Renaissance wing on the
site of a former moated castle in the 17th century. The Kobersdorf
Castle Games have been held there since 1972.
Rotenturm Castle: Built
in the 1860s as the seat of the Erdödy count family, Rotenturm Castle
had different owners after 1924 and was left to decay. The castle has
been privately owned since 2008 and has since been completely renovated.
The ballrooms are used for various events and the chapel within the
castle can be used for wedding ceremonies.
Forchtenstein Castle: The
late medieval building was the former seat of the Lords of
Forchtenstein. In 1450 the noble family died out for lack of male
descendants and the castle was owned by the Habsburgs for 170 years.
Nikolaus Esterházy received the castle from Emperor Ferdinand II in 1622
and began to expand the now dilapidated castle into a fortress.
Lockenhaus Castle: The hilltop castle from the 13th century is located
in the Günser mountains on a rocky outcrop on the Günsbach. In 1968,
Paul Anton Keller and his wife acquired the castle complex and renovated
the castle, which was in a poor condition.
Schlaining Castle: After
extensive renovations, the Friedensburg from the 13th century is home to
the Peace Institute and various exhibitions.
Güssing Castle: Built in
1157, it is the oldest castle complex in Burgenland and has been owned
by the Batthyány family since 1524. In 1459 the castle gained historical
importance when dissatisfied magnates gathered there and Emperor
Friedrich III. elected King of Hungary.
Bernstein Castle: The highest
castle in Burgenland has been owned by the Almásy family since 1892 and
is now run as a hotel and restaurant.
Landsee Castle Ruins: The
former fortress was just a few hundred meters east of the border between
the Austrian territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of
Hungary. The castle ruins are a popular destination in the heart of the
Landseer Berge nature park.
Bergkirche: also called "Haydnkirche";
Planned as a pilgrimage church in the 17th century, it was not completed
until 1803 after decades of construction being interrupted. The coffin
of the composer Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) has been in the mountain church
since 1932.
St. Martin's Cathedral: The former parish church has been
the cathedral of the Eisenstadt diocese since 1960.
Basilica
Frauenkirchen: After widespread destruction due to the second Turkish
siege of Vienna (1683), the baroque pilgrimage church was rebuilt from
scratch and in 1990 was elevated to the status of a minor basilica by
Pope John Paul II.
Basilica Maria Loretto: After the complex had been
largely destroyed by the Turks in 1683, the church was rebuilt by Prince
Paul Esterházy and consecrated again in 1707.
Neusiedler See /
Seewinkel: The largest lake in Austria and the areas to the east of it
(Seewinkel) account for a majority of the tourism figures in Burgenland
and is a popular bathing resort, especially due to its geographical
proximity to Vienna - the lake is therefore often referred to as the sea
of the Viennese. The area has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since
2001.
Lighthouse Podersdorf: The lighthouse is located at the small
port of Podersdorf am See. The approx. twelve meter high tower was built
as a point of orientation and for storm warnings for water sports
enthusiasts, but is also a popular photo motif.
Freistadt Rust: With
its historic old town and large numbers of storks (more than 30 stork
nests), Freistadt, together with Lake Neusiedl, is a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.
Geography Stone: At 884 meters, the Geography Stone is
the highest mountain in Burgenland and western Hungary, as well as the
easternmost foothills of the Alps. A stone observation tower was built
in Rechnitz in 1913, which today stands directly on the Austria-Hungary
border. The entrance to the viewpoint is on the Austrian side.
Cellar
Quarter Heiligenbrunn: an ensemble of more than 100 historic, often
thatched wine cellar buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries. The
cellar district is part of the Weinidylle nature park.
Open-air
museum Gerersdorf: an open-air museum founded privately in 1976 with
mostly thatched residential and farm buildings, utensils and farm
equipment from the 18th to early 20th centuries