Location: Crimean Peninsula
Yalta (Ялта) is located on the southern coast of Crimea, is part of the Big
Yalta - an inextricable chain of resort towns: Yalta, Miskhor,
Alupka, Simeiz and Foros.
Yalta has been used as a resort
since the 19th century and was extremely popular during the Soviet
era as a place for mass tourism. Located in beautiful surroundings
and in close proximity to many attractions of the Crimea.
In
summer the city is flooded mainly with Russian and Ukrainian
tourists. However, you can go there at any time of the year: the
average temperature is always above zero (although very rarely, but
there are sub-zero temperatures). In spring and autumn, the weather
is pleasant, with air temperatures reaching 20 °C. In winter, the
temperature usually stays around +10 during the day, sometimes drops
to zero; in abnormally cold winters, there are several frosty days
in a row. Snow falls 2-3 times during the winter, but melts either
in the evening or after a few days. A typical picture in winter is
snow-capped mountains and 8-10 degrees Celsius in the city itself.
The city is protected on all sides by mountains and warmed by the
Black Sea, but beware of the winds, as they can be extremely cold.
The climate is sub-Mediterranean, so it is usually clear and dry in
summer, although short-term thunderstorms and rains occur, and most
of the precipitation falls in winter - it often drizzles in
December-February.
By plane
The nearest airport is in
Simferopol.
By train
The nearest railway stations are in Simferopol and
Sevastopol.
By bus
There are flights from almost all major
cities of Crimea: Alushta (40 minutes on the way),
Evpatoria (3
hours, 3 flights a day), Kerch (7 hours, 2 direct flights a day +
passing to the mainland of Russia), Sevastopol (1.5 hours , every
20-30 minutes), Simferopol (1.5-2 hours, every 10-20 minutes),
Sudak
(2 hours, 3 flights a day), Feodosia (4 hours 30 minutes, 1 flight a
day).
There are routes from Russia and Ukraine, mainly one
flight per day is performed: Anapa (10 hours), Dnepropetrovsk (9
hours), Donetsk (13 hours), Krasnodar (14 hours), Kiev (19 hours),
Krivoy Rog (12 h), Mariupol (12 h), Odessa (14 h), Kharkov (16 h).
Closer to the main tourist season, the intensity of flights
increases.
Bus station, st. Moscow, 8. ☎ +7 (3654) 34-20-92.
summer 05:15 - 23:00, off-season 05:45 - 22:35. There is a small
waiting room, a left-luggage office on the ground floor, long-term
rest rooms, a couple of food stalls, and several cafes of dubious
quality 50 meters away. There is also a Genbank ATM, Wi-Fi, a
payment terminal, a newsstand, a souvenir shop, a hairdresser and a
toilet. E-tickets can be purchased on the carrier's website
gosbus.ru.
By trolleybus
Yalta is one of the few cities
with intercity trolleybus transport. The Yalta-Simferopol trolleybus
route has twice entered the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest
operating trolleybus and as the longest trolleybus route in Europe.
Routes: No. 52 Yalta-Alushta-Simferopol, No. 53 Yalta-Alushta.
On the way, approximately 1 hour to Alushta and 2.5 hours to
Simferopol.
Intercity trolleybus station, st. Moscow, 61
(Opposite the bus station). ☎ 79 94 +7 (3654) 32 79 94.
On
the ship
In summer, boats regularly go to Gaspra (Swallow's
Nest), Miskhor, Alupka, Nikita and Gurzuf. The frequency of flights
depends on the number of tourists, and if there are a lot of them,
then a flight to Partenit, Professor's Corner and Alushta opens.
Departure from the pier, near the Chapel of the New Martyrs and
Confessors of Russia on the main embankment.
From May to
September, you can sail to Yalta in 2 hours from Sevastopol on the
Kometa hydrofoil. There are two flights a day, the fare is 500
rubles one way in economy class and 800 rubles in comfort class
(2018).
An even more exotic way to get to the city may be a
trip on a cruise ship along the route Sochi - Novorossiysk - Yalta -
Sevastopol - Sochi. Flights are operated by Infoflot, prices from
25,300 rubles per person for 7 days (2018).
Seaport, st.
Roosevelt, 3. ☎ + 7 (3654) 32-77-11
By car
Highway E105
Yalta - Dzhankoy.
An extensive network of minibuses connects the city
center and remote areas. You either get paid on boarding or on exit, and
this can be confusing at times.
Clothing market. The paths of
many minibuses start from this stop or pass through it. edit
Useful
Public Transport Routes
m/t11 bus station - Livadia Palace
m /
t32: clothing market - Livadia Palace, Gaspra sanatorium (next to the
Swallow's Nest), Miskhor (near the lower station of the Miskhor-Ai-Petri
cable car), Vorontsov Palace in Alupka
m/t27, 102 similar to m/t32,
but depart from the bus station
m/t5, 100: Livadia Palace - Yalta
City Center - Massandra Palace
tb. 2, m/t29: stop on the street.
Moscow - Upper Massandra Park, from which you have to go uphill for a
long time to climb to the Massandra Palace
m / t34: stop on the
street. Moskovskaya - Upper Massandrovsky Park and then continues to the
Nikitsky Botanical Garden
1 Yalta Embankment Central Promenade.
The central walking street of Yalta, one of the oldest streets in
the city. The embankment is lined with palm trees and filled with a
continuous series of attractions, bars, cafes and restaurants. The
architecture is intertwined with diverse styles and is clad in
polychrome red granite and light gray porphyry. The embankment is
about one and a half kilometers long: from McDonald's in the east to
the Oreanda Hotel in the west. Lots of shops, cafes and attractions.
2 Palace of the Emir of Bukhara (Дворец
Эмира Бухарского). Palace ensemble in the city of Yalta
on the territory of the sanatorium "Yalta"
3 Armenian Church
(Армянская Церковь) of St. Hripsime, st. Zagorodnaya, 3. built
in 1909-1914 by the architect G. Ter-Mikelov according to the
sketches of the famous artist Vardges Surenyants, stands on a steep
mountainside. It remotely resembles the ancient temple of Hripsime
(VII-XII centuries) in Etchmiadzin (Vagharshapat, Armenia). The
church is in the center of the city, with beautiful details, and
definitely worth a visit.
4 Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral,
st. Sadovaya, 2. Built in 1902 in the traditional style. The main
Orthodox Cathedral of Yalta.
5
Roman Catholic Church of the Immaculate
Conception of the Virgin Mary, st. Pushkinskaya, 25.
6 Roffe Baths, emb. them. Lenina, 31.
7 Reconstructed hotel
"Tavrida", emb. named after Lenin, 13.
8 Belfry of John
Chrysostom, st. Tolstoy, 10.
9 Palace of Count Mordvinov, st.
Sverdlova, 32. Access is free.
10 House of the architect Wegener.
Access is free.
11 Moorish-style building, st. Ekaterininskaya,
8. ☎ +7 (3654) 32-55-25. Tue–Sun 10:00–18:00. Museum of Lesya
Ukrainka.
12 House of the composer A. A. Spendiarov, st.
Ekaterininskaya, 3. ☎ +7 (3654) 326-973, +7 (3654) 326-993.
so-called house with caryatids.
13 Dacha of Countess Vadarskaya,
st. Shchorsa, 14. In the Moorish style.
14 Evangelical Lutheran
Church of St. Mary, st. Chekhov, 10. ☎ +7 (3654) 326400. The church
was built in 1885 with money from German Protestants and Lutherans
who lived in Yalta. (At that time, 6% of the Crimean population were
Germans). The temple was built in the Neo-Gothic style according to
the project of the Yalta architect Gustav Schreiber. He also donated
the land for construction. During the Soviet years, the building was
used as a chess club, the spirit and atmosphere of which still
hovers in the room. Initially, the church was decorated with a
pointed bell tower, but later destroyed and has not yet been
restored. Now the church is open to the public, it hosts church
services, during which they play the organ. All inscriptions in the
church are duplicated in German, and sometimes they are made only in
it.
Lower Massandra
If from the embankment to them. Lenin
to go along the coast towards Alushta, then after a few hundred
meters the Massandra beach will begin. After passing through it and
climbing the road (Drazhinsky Street), you can get to Massandra
Park.
15 Massandrovsky Park (from Drazhinsky St., entrance
near the Massandra Hotel 1). A very large park, founded in the first
half of the 19th century, slightly larger than the Nikitsky
Botanical Park. Both local plant species (Crimean pine, strawberry
tree, pistachio, juniper) and more exotic ones (sequoiadendron,
cedar, laurel, magnolia, bamboo, cryptomeria, Bunge pine, wonderful
pine, lovely fir) grow here. They are trying to put the park in
order, but, nevertheless, some desolation is noticeable, there are
no signs. In general, if you are nearby, then you can go for a
pleasant walk, but you should not go specially.
16 Church of St.
Nicholas the Wonderworker and Martyr Empress Alexandra.
Chapel of New Martyrs and Russian Confessors
Chapel of Saint Nicholas (Часовня Святого Николая Чудотворца)
Yalta Zoo "Fairy Tale" (Route taxi No. 24, 26, 27). summer:
9:00–20:00, ticket office until 19:00; winter: 9:00–18:00, ticket office
until 17:00. 400 rubles, children: 200 rubles. The largest zoo in
Crimea. More than 100 species of animals and birds live in it, in total
more than 600 individuals. Very diverse animals: lions, bears,
monkeys... The zoo is in good condition and you can see that the animals
are looked after here. There is an aquarium next to the zoo, open from
9:00 to 17:00.
Glade of Fairy Tales. 9:00 - 19:00. 200 rubles;
children - 80 rubles. Museum of a fairy tale under the open sky. In
total, the museum "Glade of Fairy Tales" has about two hundred
sculptures. Pinocchio and Tortila the turtle, Mowgli and Panther
Bagheera, the three little pigs, the Swan Princess and many other
characters from favorite fairy tales, well-known to children, are
waiting for meetings with young visitors. It is advisable to get to the
daily performance with the participation of Baba Yaga and other
characters.
Crocodilearium, st. Ignatenko, 1. ☎ +7 (978) 7290161. May
- September 10:00–22:00 (ticket office until 21:30); October - April
10:00–20:00 (ticket office until 19:00). 600 rubles, children from 3 to
13 years old - 400 rubles, the price includes an excursion. On an area
of 300 sq. m there are seven species of crocodiles (more than 70
individuals) ranging in size from 30 cm to 4 m, including the world's
largest Nile crocodiles. For an additional fee, you can feed the
reptiles. Turtles, pythons, iguanas and monitor lizards also live here.
Theater of marine animals "Water area", pos. Vinogradnoye, Bakhchisaray
highway, 17-a (The road to the Uchan-Su waterfall, above the Uzbekistan
sanatorium. And an hour before the start of the performance, a
fixed-route taxi departs from the Yubileiny summer theater, the fare in
both directions is 60 rubles). ☎ +7 (978) 739-56-15, +7 (3654) 26-10-08.
Performances from the beginning of May to the end of September Tue-Sun
at 11:00, Saturday and Sunday also at 17:00. The Dolphin Therapy Center
is open all year round. Submission 400-600 rubles. Swimming with
dolphins 5 minutes - 2000 rub. "Communication with a dolphin" 5 minutes
1000 rub. Photoshoot 800 rub. 1 session of dolphin therapy - 4000
rubles. The theater show combines a stage performance, performances by
human actors and various marine animals (dolphins, beluga whales, sea
lions, walruses, fur seals). All performances are united by the
director's concept and based on communication with the audience,
accompanied by music and special effects in the evening.
Cableway
"Yalta-Gorka", Embankment im. Lenin (the lower station can be found on
one of the side streets leaving the embankment, it is marked with a
large sign "Cable Car"). ☎ 593 +7 (3654) 323 593. 10:00–22:00, but
sometimes closes a little earlier. 300 rubles in both directions,
children 200 rubles. One way - half the price. The length of the cable
car is 600 m, the height difference is 120 m, which are overcome by air
in 12 minutes. The cabins are designed for two passengers, you need to
jump into the cabin on the go, the movement is closed in a circle,
without stops. Having climbed to the upper station, you can walk along
several forest paths, including reaching the neighboring Hill of Glory -
a memorial complex with an Eternal Flame dedicated to the fallen during
the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars .. Among other things, at the upper
station of the cable car you can have lunch in a cafe or visit a
miniature tropical butterfly garden.
Tasting room of the Institute
"Magarach", st. Kirova, 31 (in the building of the National Institute of
Grapes and Wine "Magarach"). ☎ +7 (3654) 32-55-91. Presumably, only
organized groups are accepted, so before visiting it is worth calling by
phone to clarify. The duration of the tour is 1.5 hours. 8 samples of
wines are served for tasting (mainly dessert and fortified).
Contact
zoo, in the hotel "Yalta-Intourist". The zoo is home to alpacas, mini
horses and Cameroonian goats that you can pet and feed.
Planetarium
(Spherical cinema), in the hotel "Yalta-Intourist". ☎ +7 (3654) 270-270.
12:00 - 22:00. It has a dome-shaped screen with a 360° view. There are
at least 10 educational films available.
Dolphinarium in the hotel
"Yalta-Intourist" (Most likely not working since the end of 2014), st.
Drazinsky, 50.
Family theme park "Dreamwood", Russia, Republic of
Crimea, Yalta, the territory of the MRIYA RESORT & SPA complex (there is
a paid transfer from Yalta). ☎ 8(800)5505694. Wednesday - Sunday: 11:00
- 18:00. 1200r. online, 1300 rub. at the checkout. The Dreamwood Family
Theme Park has a unique atmosphere of hospitable nature that helps to
explore the wonderful world around and enjoy it together with loved
ones. In Dreamwood, attractions and quests not only entertain, but also
educate, reward for courage and curiosity. The park is open all year
round, the rides are open in any season, also in Dreamwood 2500 square
meters
House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov ("Belaya Dacha"), st. Kirov, 112. ✉ ☎ +7
(3654) 39-49-47. 10:00–18:00, Wednesdays two hours longer. Tours start
at 10:30; 11:30; 12:30; 13:30; 14:45; 15:45; 16:50. Entrance ticket
adults 200 rubles, children under 16 free. In the garden 50 rubles.
Chekhov wrote "Lady with a Dog", "The Cherry Orchard", "Three Sisters"
and many other works here. The house is small, and next to it is a
museum dedicated to the writer. Unfortunately, Chekhov's house fell into
disrepair due to lack of funds. The good news is that a fund has been
organized to raise a large amount of money for the complete restoration
of the house in the near future.
Museum "Chekhov and Crimea" (Dacha
"Omyur"), st. Kirova, 32a. ☎ +7 (3654) 23-53-67. Wed–Sun 10:00–18:00.
Entrance ticket: adults 100 rubles, children under 16 free of charge.
Temporarily closed.
Historical and Literary Museum, st. Pushkinskaya,
5. ☎ 070 +7 (3654) 323 070. Wed–Sun 10:00–18:00, Fri 12:00–20:00, ticket
office closes half an hour earlier. 150 rubles, children - 75 rubles,
excursion - 500 rubles.
Museum of pre-revolutionary culture of Yalta
(House Museum of Lesya Ukrainka), st. Yekaterininskaya, 8 (in a
Moorish-style building). ☎ +7 (3654) 32-55-25. Wed–Sun 10:00–18:00, Fri
12:00–20:00, ticket office closes half an hour earlier. 100 rubles,
children - 50 rubles, excursion - 500 rubles. Located in a house built
in the 19th century by architect P. Terebenev for the Minister of
Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire A. Jomini. Items typical for Yalta
of the late 19th - early 20th centuries are presented: a piano, a
gramophone, and furniture. It tells about the famous cultural figures
who were in Yalta at that time: M. Mussorgsky, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, S.
Rachmaninov, A. Spendiarov, L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, I. Bunin, F.
Vasiliev. On the second floor of the building there is an exposition of
the museum of Lesya Ukrainka.
House-Museum of N. Biryukov, st.
Krasnoarmeiskaya, 5. ☎ 676 +7 (3654) 323 676. Wed–Sun 10:00–18:00,
ticket office closes half an hour earlier. 100 rubles, children - 50
rubles, excursion - 500 rubles.
Literary and Memorial Museum of K.
Trenev and P. Pavlenko, st. Pavlenko, 10.
Theaters
Theatre.
Chekhov, st. Ekaterininskaya, 13. ☎ +7 (3654) 23-42-47, +7 (978) 916 51
11. The only classical theater in the city. On the same stage,
performances of dance groups and concerts of the Crimean Philharmonic
Society are held, literary evenings are held.
Concert Hall "Jubilee",
per. Chernomorsky, 2. ☎ +7 (978) 917 7007. A large concert hall for
3,000 spectators, where all the most significant musical events and
concerts take place.
Cinemas
Planet of cinema IMAX, st. Kyiv,
4. The only cinema in Crimea that can show films in IMAX format.
Operates several cinemas.
Cinema "Oreanda" embankment. Lenina, 35/2
(in the building of the hotel "Oreanda"). ☎ cash desk +7 (3654)
23-69-22, +7 (978) 039 09 29, autoinformer +7 (3654) 32-20-20. There is
only one room, but it is new and spacious, capable of showing films in
3D.
Cinema "Spartak", st. Marshak, 9. ☎ cash desk +7 (3654) 27-34-84,
autoinformer 27-20-20 +7 (3654) 27-25-25, 27-20-20. For some reason, not
a very popular cinema among the audience, there are always a lot of
empty seats. There is a 3D cinema. There are movie nights.
Beaches
Narrow pebble beaches stretch along the entire edge of the
sea in the city and its environs. Most of the aging beach infrastructure
was built back in Soviet times, with all the consequences. Only a few
beaches can boast something new.
Massandra beach. One of the few
beaches brought back to normal. New tiles have been laid, new sheds,
changing rooms, many atmospheric restaurants are open.
The beach of
the hotel "Yalta-Intourist", st. Drazhinsky, 50. A cosmetic
reconstruction of the embankment was carried out, several decent
restaurants were opened, incl. cafe "Apelsin", restaurant "Krym",
"Tony's burgers", "Guchkov". Some of the beaches are in poor condition,
some are better. The paid beach "Nebo Beach" is different for the
better, equipped above the main beach, as if on the second floor, the
owners promise that this is the only sandy beach in Yalta.
Oceanarium
"Yalta", st. Drazhinsky, 50 (the beach of the Yalta-Intourist hotel). ☎
+ 7 (978) 120 15 16. 350 rub. Despite the loud name, this is just a
small aquarium that fits in several not very large rooms. Many
stingrays, piranhas, 2 crocodiles, a dozen or two more exotic fish. Well
designed, but small in size.
Seaside beach (City beach). The closest
beach to the embankment named after Lenin, suitable for swimming. All
the rest, located directly opposite the embankment, belong to the
sanitary zone of the port, swimming is prohibited, although there are a
lot of swimmers, despite the dirty water.
Sunny beach. The beach is
closed, reconstruction is underway, and this is most likely for a long
time.
Further towards Livadia there is a whole series of beaches that
are in an almost abandoned state. There are fewer vacationers than in
the center of Yalta. There are many fences, some of the beaches are
closed to the public, vacationers of boarding houses swim there.
Large selection of souvenirs in the waterfront area.
Supermarket
"Furshet", st. Kyiv, 6. ☎ +7 (3654) 27-02-81. 8:00–23:00.
SEC
"Confetti", st. Bolshevistskaya, 10 (3 km from the city center, stop
"Glade of Fairy Tales"). ☎ +7 (3654) 205-888. 10:00–21:00, Silpo
supermarket 8:00–23:00. There is an ice skating rink and a children's
entertainment center "Jolly Roger".
There are several dozens of bank
branches, the largest of them are Rossiya Bank, RNKB, and Genbank. There
are many ATMs throughout the city.
Food is plentiful along the promenade and main beaches. These are
good expensive restaurants, and democratic canteens and fast foods.
Cheap
There are especially many cheap establishments (burgers,
sandwiches, shawarmas) in the clothing market area and along the street.
Pushkinskaya.
1 Restaurant "Silk Way", st. Roosevelt, 1 (at the
beginning of the embankment named after Lenin). Main dishes 100-300
rubles. Restaurant of Uzbek cuisine. In terms of the quality of the
dishes, this is still closer to the dining room, although this has an
advantage - they quickly bring the order. It makes sense to order dough
dishes (yantyki, chebureks, samsa, tortillas). they will definitely be
made to order, and not just reheated already ready. There is no alcohol
on the menu.
Average cost
2 Vegetarian cafe "Prasad" , st.
Roosevelt, 12a. ☎ +7 (978) 1148646. 200-400 rub. Great relaxed
atmosphere, Indian music playing, food well prepared.
3 Pizzeria
"Capri", st. Morskaya, 2. 11:00 - 23:00, Fri, Sat, Sun 1 hour longer.
Good pizza and burgers, good reviews.
Expensive
4 Gangster
cafe "La Cosa Nostra", st. Rudanskogo, 1. ☎ 9391 +7 (978) 816 9391, +7
(3654) 262372. Main dishes 300-600 rubles. Very tasty food, the quality
is much higher than the average in Yalta. This is mainly Italian
cuisine, but there are many dishes - the fruits of the imagination of
the chefs of this cafe. It is located in two small halls of the basement
- which is the main drawback of the institution - it is crowded and not
very comfortable. To sum it up, it's worth a visit for the food, but you
have to be prepared for expensive prices and small portions.
5 Cafe
"EatMe" ☎ +7 (978) 802-84-64. Salads 200-500 rubles. Second courses
250-900 rubles, but most are around 500 rubles. Excellent cuisine, there
are interesting names, although the menu itself is small, but with
pictures. Pleasant relaxed atmosphere, stylish design, the presence of a
summer veranda. In general, this is the brother of the Sevastopol
institution, but with more expensive prices.
6 Restaurant "Bristol",
st. Roosevelt, 10 (at the Bristol Hotel). ☎ 28 84 8 (800) 775 28 84, +7
(3654) 271606. Located in a glazed annex to the hotel, you can sit and
watch what is happening on the street. The interior is unobtrusive,
maybe even a bit plain. Delicious food (mostly Ukrainian cuisine), well
trained waiters, expensive but cozy.
7 Beach-cafe "Van Gogh",
Drazhinsky, 31g (Massandrovsky beach). ☎ +7 (978) 911 07 88. Main dishes
300-500 rubles, wine 200-400 rubles/glass.
8 Restaurant-brewery
Fabrikant, st. Marshak, 9 (at the SPA hotel "Primorsky Park"). ☎ 7470 +7
(978) 018 7470, 55 30 +7 (3654) 23 55 30. Main dishes 250-1000 rubles.
Pretty good premium restaurant with high ratings in the reviews and the
interior of the late XIX century. Everyone praises the beer that is
brewed here. Food is more often liked than not, but not always perfect.
9 "Khutorok La Mer" restaurant, st. Sverdlov, 9 (Massandrovsky beach). ☎
888 4 +7 (978) 814 888 4, 18 15 +7 (3654) 27 18 15. 11:00 to 24:00 -
autumn-winter, from 10:00 to the last guest - summer. Main dishes
400-800 rubles. The kitchen is at a good level, but the deafening "live
music" is not for everyone.
Coffee houses
10 Coffee house
Bookman Cafe Facebook icon.svg , st. Pushkinskaya, 17. ☎ +7 (978)
8416849. Coffee 120-250 rubles, desserts from 120 rubles, there are also
salads and hot dishes. Very nice restaurant with a friendly atmosphere
and nice waiters. There is an open terrace with seating. Tasty coffee.
But there is no way to preview the cakes before they are brought to
order, and besides, not everything is in stock.
11 Coffee house
"KOFEiN", st. Pushkinskaya, 31-a. ☎ 57 01 +7 (3654) 20 57 01. Coffee
120-250 rub. Ukrainian chain of coffee houses, where you can choose
coffee varieties from a whole list of different countries, as well as
different ways of brewing it. Delicious desserts, interesting interior.
Service and waiters - as lucky.
Coffee house "Koffishka". Ukrainian
network of small street coffee houses (free-standing buildings in the
form of a manual coffee grinder). Very popular among young people. There
is no calm and relaxed atmosphere, due to the small size of the
institution and the very large number of visitors. But there is a pretty
good coffee for a very reasonable price. There are also very large
portions.
embankment (near the fountain).
embankment them. Lenina,
31.
Night clubs
The city has many discos, nightclubs and variety
shows. In particular, discos are held on Massandra Beach in the Van Gogh
cafe in summer, dance programs and shows are organized, and DJs are
invited. On the same open-air beach in the summer, the Malibu beach club
opens, a good half of which is located right on the beach, DJs in the
style of electro, house and lounge, latino-party play, fire shows are
arranged.
Nightclub "Riviera" embankment. Lenina, 35/2 (on the
third floor of the Oreanda Hotel). ☎ +7 (3654) 27-42-58. Variety show
where the dancers of the cabaret "Paradise" perform. In addition, on the
4th floor of the hotel there is a concert hall "Ikon" (Concert hall
"Ikon"), where many famous performers perform. On the same floor you can
find the Matrix nightclub, referred to by the locals as nothing more
than a "glamorous" disco.
Night club "Orange", st. Drazhinskogo, 50/b
(the beach of the hotel "Yalta-Intourist"). ☎ +7 (3654) 35-05-00. During
the day it works as a cafe, in the evening it turns into a nightclub
with a 15-meter bar
Cheap
Housing in the private sector is rented all year round, the
largest choice is with grandmothers at the bus station. You can also
look for signs "Housing for rent", they are found everywhere throughout
the city. Prices and quality vary greatly, prices start from just a few
hundred rubles per room in the off season.
Long rest rooms in the
building of the bus station (3rd floor of the bus station). Check out
until 12:00. 300 rubles per place in a double or triple room.
Average cost
Hotel "Yalta-Intourist" (4 *) , st. Drazhinskogo, 50. ☎
+7 (495) 139-1051. Double from 3500 rubles.
Expensive
Boarding
house "Green park Yalta-Intourist" (former boarding house "Donbass"),
Massandra-18. ☎ +7 (495) 139-1051. Double from 4800 rubles. Recently
joined the hotel "Yalta Intourist". 2 new buildings have just been
completed and, apparently, they are not settled in them yet or they are
settled, but not all of them. Therefore, there are non-zero chances to
end up in the old Soviet buildings with all the ensuing consequences.
Surrounded by a garden, you can walk to the sea, or you can take the
funicular. There is a cable car 22 on the territory, but it is most
likely only accessible to boarding house guests.
Local mobile operators "Win Mobile", "Krymtelecom", "Volna Mobile"
and "MTS" of the Krasnodar Territory work, other Russian operators - in
national roaming. Ukrainian - do not work at all, even in roaming.
The Internet is quite developed in the city of Yalta: Wi-Fi can be
found in almost all hotels and catering establishments, free Wi-Fi zones
operate on the city's embankment and bus station. Moreover, it is not
uncommon to come across the Internet when placed in the private sector.
Yalta residents are generally friendly and crime is very low in this
city of over 80,000 inhabitants. Tourists are safe as long as they
follow the rules of prudence: don't show your money, avoid dark places
at night, avoid drunks.
Do not buy wine "on tap", even in
stationary establishments. Almost certainly this product has nothing to
do with wine.
Do not buy pancakes on the street, there is a
possibility of poisoning.
Don't talk to gypsies.
Telephone
numbers in case of emergency:
fire, emergency service: 101, 112 or
911
police: 102
ambulance: 103
gas network emergency service:
104 (does not work for MTS)
According to the most common version, the name of the city comes from the Greek. γιαλος (yalos) - "shore", however, there are hypotheses that the name of the city is of Turkic origin, which is based on a distorted original Greek name. The first mention of Yalta, dating back to 1154, is found by the Arab historian Al-Idrisia. He calls Galita (also Kaulita or Dzhalita) a Cuman (Polovtsian) city on the Black Sea coast. From the Crimean Tatar language it is translated as "on the shore".
On the outskirts of the city and on Polikurovsky Hill, as well as on
Mount Koshka, near Simeiz, Cape Ai-Todor, Ayu-Dage and in other places,
archaeologists have found the remains of the settlements of the Tauris -
the indigenous inhabitants of Crimea. The finds date back to
approximately the 6th-5th centuries BC. e. The Taurians were engaged in
piracy, fishing, hoe farming, hunting and transhumance, leading a
semi-sedentary lifestyle.
According to legend, Yalta itself was
founded by Greek sailors, who, after seeing the coast (Yalos) after long
wanderings, called the settlement Yalita (coastal). It is possible that
this settlement is mentioned by the ancient grammarian of the III
century Elius Herodian under the name Ιαλυσος (Ialyssos) in the same
list with Chersonesus. Later, Venetian merchants settled on this coast,
then Genoese. In documents and maps of the XIV century, Yalta is called
Yalita, Kallita, Gialita and Etalita. In the summer of 1475, the
territory of Crimea, including Yalta, was captured by the Ottoman Turks.
The southern coast (as well as a number of other lands of Crimea) became
directly part of the Ottoman Empire, the foothills and the steppe part
were assigned to the vassal of the Brilliant Port - the Crimean Khanate.
In the second half of the 15th century, Yalta was destroyed by an
earthquake. Only 70 years later, this area was re-populated by Greeks
and Armenians. Most likely, since that time, the modern name has been
assigned to the settlement.
According to another version, the
etymology of the word takes its name from the ancient Turkic "yal" -
rest, and "tau" (dag) - mountain. Which literally can be translated as
"resting mountain", "sleeping mountain".
The third version of the
etymology of the word "Yalta" from the Turkic "Yal" - rest. "It" - do
it. It was called at the beginning Yalita.
By the time of the
annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire in April 1783, as a result of
the resettlement of the Christian population of Crimea in the Sea of
\u200b\u200bAzov in 1778 and the mass emigration of Crimean Tatars to
Turkey, Yalta was practically depopulated and was a small fishing
village.
19th century
In 1823, Count M. S. Vorontsov, being
the governor-general of the Novorossiysk Territory, which then included
Crimea, distributed 200 acres of land in Yalta with the condition of
building on this land and planting orchards and vineyards. On the South
Coast, the new owners of the lands, with the help of serfs, built
luxurious palaces, villas, mansions, planted industrial gardens and
vineyards, magnificent parks that adorn the South Coast even today:
Massandrovsky, Alupkinsky, Gurzufsky, Livadia and others. The area
needed some kind of center, and the choice fell on Yalta, despite the
fact that at that time it was a very tiny village. This choice was
dictated by the nature of the area, a sufficient amount of fresh water
for those times and a convenient bay. In 1838, the Yalta district was
formed, by the Decree of April 15 (27), 1838, Yalta received the status
of a city, but then there were only 30 households and 130 inhabitants.
In 1837, a gravel road built by order of Count Vorontsov connected Yalta
with Alushta and Simferopol, and in 1848 a road was built through the
Baidar Gates to Sevastopol. Yalta at that time did not yet have a
seaport. The pier, built in the late 1830s, was destroyed by a storm.
The steamboats stopped in the roadstead and communicated with the shore
with the help of longboats that approached the wooden pier - it was
anchored. A few years later, a full-fledged seaport and a pier were
built in Yalta, sea communication was gradually established.
After the end of the Crimean War, the city turned into a popular resort
and grew rapidly. Professor S.P. Botkin, and especially Dr. V.N.
Dmitriev, who lived in Yalta for many years, gave clear medical
recommendations and justifications in connection with the healing
properties of the local climate. It was for these reasons that the
Livadia and Massandra palaces were built on the orders of Emperor
Alexander III. The emperor was ill a lot, so in the 1890s he lived for
months in the Small Livadia Palace, where he died in October 1894.
Private construction also sprang up. The palace of Prince Yusupov,
one of the richest people in Russia, appeared in Koreiz, Count D. A.
Milyutin appeared in Simeiz, Privy Councilor P. I. Gubonin began to own
Gurzuf, Naryshkin’s dacha “Sofiyivka” was erected in Miskhor, and
“Romantic Alexandria” in Gaspra Prince Golitsyn, the Lower Oreanda liked
the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich. In 1886, at the direction of
Emperor Alexander III, a new project was developed for the construction
of a powerful stone pier and a coastal embankment. The first stage of
construction was completed in 1890, the second - in 1903. The second
important project of the 1880s was the Yalta Embankment. In 1888-1898 a
new water supply system was built. Sewerage construction began in 1886.
In September 1890, Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy submitted an
application to the city government for the construction of a Greek-style
garden pavilion with access to Pushkinsky Boulevard at his household.
The author of the gazebo project was the famous architect Nikolai
Krasnov. In 2008, a complete restoration of the gazebo was carried out
in Yalta, under the guidance of the Yalta architect A. A. Tkachenko.
By the end of the 19th century, Yalta had become a well-known
resort. “Prestige” in the eyes of the landlord and bureaucratic public
was also facilitated by the fact that, starting from the 1860s, the
nearest suburb of Yalta, Livadia, became the southern residence of the
royal family.
City government
In 1870, a city reform was
carried out in the Russian Empire, as a result of which all-class city
institutions of local self-government began to form - city dumas and
councils. In the autumn of 1871, the first elections to the city duma
were held in Yalta. Vowel dumas elected the first mayor of the city
chamberlain, real state councilor Sergei Pavlovich Galakhov. For health
reasons, he often left the city for treatment, and already in April 1872
he applied for the addition of the title of Yalta mayor. However, the
majority of the 15 councilors of the city duma voted for the
continuation of his service, but soon Christopher Lebeshi began to
perform his duties temporarily. In October 1872, twenty-nine-year-old
titular councilor Vladimir Antonovich Rybitsky was elected mayor. In
1879, Baron Andrei Ludwigovich von Wrangel (1824-1897), brother of
General V. L. Wrangel, replaced him as the Yalta mayor. V. A. Rybitsky,
who for 43 years was a member of the Yalta City Duma and at the end of
the 19th century, together with his second wife Elena Ivanovna (nee
Aivazovskaya), was ranked among the nobility for services to society,
served as the mayor of Yalta for two more terms - already in the XX
century: from December 20, 1907 to 1914. After him, Ivan Antonovich
Dumbadze was the mayor.
20th century
Since 1900, the city life
began to be covered by the first newspaper "Yalta leaf", 25 years after
the publication of the first issue of the newspaper "Crimean leaf". In
1904, 55 workers worked at 4 small factory enterprises, 620 at 59
handicraft enterprises. In the same year, a power plant was built (its
engine power in 1910 was 700 horsepower). Back in 1870, an enochemical
laboratory began to work at the Magarachsky wine cellar. Under the
guidance of well-known winemakers A. P. Serbulenko, A. E. Salomon, S. F.
Okhremenko and M. A. Khovrenko, standards of high-quality Russian
dessert wines were created. On the eve of World War I, a tobacco
factory, two lime factories, and three artificial mineral water and ice
factories were put into operation. Transport services were provided by
the agency of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade. The local fleet
consisted of two small steam launches. There was a post and telegraph
office. Every year, many farm laborers and "seasonal workers" arrived in
the large agricultural farms of Yalta and its environs. So, in 1900,
3610 alien workers were registered in the city.
By 1915, paid
resort institutions were operating in the city: 5 charitable sanatoriums
with 169 beds, a clinical children's colony, a shelter for 24 places for
tuberculosis patients, 3 private sanatoriums, 14 hotels with 800 rooms,
over 5 boarding houses. In 1916, the Yalta Clinical Tuberculosis
Institute was opened. Doctors F. T. Shtangeev worked in Yalta, the
author of the capital work “Treatment of Pulmonary Consumption in
Yalta”, for which he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
By the beginning of the 20th century, many representatives of the
Russian nobility, including members of the imperial family and the
monarchs themselves, had dachas and palaces in Yalta and the Yalta
region. In May 1893, Yalta was withdrawn from the Jewish Pale of
Settlement. By 1913, the territory of the city stretched from Livadia to
Massandra, and the population exceeded 30 thousand people. The city was
divided into three parts: the middle part - between the Derekoika and
Uchan-Su rivers - constituted the so-called "new" city, on the right was
the "old" city, on the left - Zarechye Zarechye with its adjacent
outskirts. The most lively, comfortable and attractive was the "new"
city.
In 1910, there were 1842 residential buildings in Yalta
(including 1430 stone ones). The length of the streets was 32 versts, of
which 0.4 versts were paved. The city center was illuminated by
lanterns. Trees were planted on three streets.
In 1911, in order
to obtain additional funds for the development of Yalta, the city
authorities entered into an agreement with the Azov Bank and distributed
among the population loan bonds in the amount of 2.5 million rubles.
With this money, it was planned to build additional facilities for the
city water supply, the building of the city kursaal, a bathing and
bathing establishment, and a mountain climatic station. But the plans
were not destined to come true. A sharply changed political situation
intervened in the life of the city - war, revolution, again war and a
change in the political structure.
In 1914, two gymnasiums
(founded in 1876), a commercial school (accompanied by accounting
courses) and nine lower educational institutions, including the Aut
Craft School (opened in 1880), worked in the city. There were two-year
higher courses of horticulture and viticulture. For the whole of Yalta
there were two reading rooms and four paid libraries, two clubs and a
people's house, four cinematographs. The theater with a hall for 450
spectators opened in July 1896.
In 1920 - during the Civil War -
after the retreat of the Russian army of General Wrangel and the
occupation of the Crimea by the Reds in Yalta, the Bolsheviks carried
out mass executions of white officers and soldiers who had surrendered,
as well as all opponents of the revolution who did not have time to
evacuate. According to some sources, several tens of thousands of people
were killed in Yalta and its environs during 1920. In 1921, the city was
even renamed Krasnoarmeysk, but in 1922 the former name was returned.
The situation in Yalta fundamentally changed after the February and
October revolutions and the end of the Civil War. In November 1920, the
remnants of the White Guard troops were eliminated in the Crimea, and a
month later, V.I. Lenin signed a decree in Moscow "On the use of the
Crimea for the treatment of workers." Beautiful palaces and mansions
were to pass into the hands of the people, the tsar's estate in Livadia
became formally a peasant sanatorium, which received a particularly
great response. Soon the construction of new health resorts began. The
first-born of the Yalta resort, the Dolossy sanatorium, built in 1928,
was built in a picturesque pine forest near the Uch-Kosh gorge (gorge of
three mountains). A master plan for the reconstruction of the South
Coast was developed. However, the devastation after the civil war,
poverty and the poor state of the budget of the USSR did not allow many
plans to come true. Palaces for many years were in disrepair (especially
Massandra and Yusupov, which were deleted from the list of attractions).
Foreign tourism disappeared for a long time, no one was engaged in the
improvement of cities. On February 20, 1921, the first official Soviet
holiday season for arriving patients was announced. In 1925, the first
peasant sanatorium was opened in the former royal estate of Livadia, and
the pioneer camp Artek was founded at the foot of the Bear Mountain.
The All-Union Health Resort newspaper, now Krymskaya Gazeta, was
founded on July 6, 1934 as an organ of the Yalta City Committee of the
All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Yalta City Council of
People's Deputies.
By the beginning of the 1940s, there were 108
sanatoriums and rest houses in Yalta and the region for almost 14
thousand places, where about 120 thousand people were treated and rested
annually. From 1921 to 1941, 3.5 million people improved their health
and rested on the South Coast.
From the port of Yalta on November
7, 1941, with the evacuated residents of Yalta, the wounded, the Party
activists left the motor ship "Armenia" for the last voyage. Its sinking
by German aircraft led to the death of, according to various estimates,
from 5 to 7 thousand people. In memory of the victims of "Armenia", a
plaque was opened on the Chapel of the Cathedral of New Martyrs and
Confessors on the waterfront of Yalta.
During the occupation of
Crimea by German troops (the Germans entered Yalta on November 7, 1941),
during the Great Patriotic War, an anti-Nazi underground operated in the
city. In Yalta, the invaders created a Jewish ghetto, into which the
entire Jewish population of the city was driven - 4,500 people. By
December 18, 1941, they were all shot in the Massandra area. In total,
in Yalta during the German-Romanian occupation, 11,707 citizens were
exterminated and forcibly taken out for forced labor in Germany.
Since May 1942, a unit of Italian torpedo boats of the 4th MAS flotilla
under the command of Lieutenant Commander Francesco Membelli was based
in the Yalta port. Boat D-3 under the command of the future Hero of the
Soviet Union Kochiev K. G. sank during the raid on June 13, 1942, on the
roadstead of the Yalta port, the ultra-small Italian submarine SV-5.
From 1941 to 1944, Yalta was shelled by the Soviet Black Sea Fleet
and bombed by aircraft. On November 7, 1943, the fighters of the Anton
Mitsko group raised a red flag over Yalta. In addition to the urban
underground, the Yalta (10th) detachment of the Southern Connection of
the Crimean partisans operated, which, together with units of the Red
Army, liberated Yalta itself in April 1944.
On April 16, 1944, he
was liberated from the German troops by the Soviet troops of the
Separate Primorsky Army and detachments of the 7th brigade of the
Southern Partisans of Crimea during the Crimean operation. The first to
break into the city was the 323rd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 128th
Mountain Rifle Division under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Jalil
Najabov. The commander of the 7th brigade L. A. Vikhman and the
commander of the 323rd rifle regiment J. B. Nadzhabov are honorary
citizens of Yalta. The 323rd Infantry Regiment was given the name
"Yalta" for the liberation of Yalta.
From February 4 to February
11, 1945, the Yalta Conference was held in Yalta, in the Livadia Palace.
On February 19, 1954, Yalta, together with the Crimean region, was
transferred by the allied authorities of the USSR to the Ukrainian SSR.
In the post-war years, the city grew rapidly and developed as a
resort. Since the second half of the 1950s, elite recreation has been
actively developing at the Yalta resort, and a system of state dachas
has been formed. On the seashore in Nizhnyaya Oreanda, state dachas No.
1 and No. 2 were being built, where the leaders of the country N. S.
Khrushchev, then L. I. Brezhnev and others liked to relax.
In the
1960s, the nearby villages of Ai-Vasil, Autka and Derekoi were included
in Yalta. In the 1960s, a new South Coast Highway was built, which
greatly shortened the road from Yalta to Alushta, Simferopol and
Sevastopol, since 1961 a trolleybus connection with Simferopol was
opened. The 1970s - early 1980s brought into the development of the
resort high-rise construction that had not been used before, new
multi-storey buildings of health resorts were being built, some of them
stood unfinished until the beginning of the 21st century. At the end of
the 1980s, the resort of all-Union significance had 180
sanatorium-and-spa facilities, about two million people came to Yalta
annually for rest and treatment.
The reconstructed seaport began
to receive large-capacity passenger ships, and in the summer of 1986 the
cargo port, along with its powerful harbor cranes, moved outside the
city to the berths of Massandrovskaya Balka. Over the years, large
anti-landslide and bank protection works have been carried out along the
35 km coast of Big Yalta, as a result, the process of destruction of the
coast and beaches has slowed down, new beaches have appeared.
However, of all the sanatorium-and-spa institutions in Yalta, only 31
out of 13,000 beds belonged to trade unions, the rest belonged to
various allied departments. These sanatoriums were located in the
coastal zone behind high fences, their territories and beaches were
inaccessible to other vacationers. In the late 1980s, the last Soviet
state dacha, Zarya, was built on the South Coast in Foros, associated
with the name of the first and last President of the USSR M. S.
Gorbachev. April 13, 1988 the city was awarded the Order of Friendship
of Peoples. In March 1988, a cable car was opened leading to the top of
Mount Ai-Petri.
By the end of the 1990s, in Yalta, on the
outskirts of the city, as well as in undeveloped areas, many privately
built houses and cottages appeared. In 1992, the Massandra Palace was
restored as a museum.
XXI Century
Since the beginning of the
2000s, the reconstruction of almost the entire coast of Yalta began.
Many beaches have been created and reconstructed, hosting thousands of
people today. The so-called "wild" beaches have been ennobled and
brought into line with many international standards. Massandra Beach
even received the prestigious Blue Flag award. In 2003, the restoration
of the Yalta embankment was completed, which turned it into a shopping
street, as well as a place for mass celebrations.
In 2009, a
memorial chapel was erected on the Yalta embankment, consecrated in the
name of the Cathedral of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia in
memory of all those innocently killed during the hard times, the Civil
and Patriotic Wars. It was built not far from the place where the wooden
chapel of St. Alexander Nevsky, demolished in 1932, was erected in
memory of Emperor Alexander II, who was killed by terrorists.
On
March 18, 2014, Yalta, as an integral part of the established Republic
of Crimea, was annexed to the Russian Federation.
Yalta very
quickly gained popularity among the inhabitants of the former USSR. For
a long time, holidays in Yalta were easier (due to visa-free travel)
and, ultimately, cheaper for CIS citizens, and since the early to
mid-2000s, it has also become cheaper than holidays in Russian resorts.
The healing nature of Yalta also attracts residents of the former USSR.
Geographic location and borders
Yalta is located in the south of
the Crimean peninsula on the shores of the Yalta Bay of the Black Sea.
The Crimean Mountains rise in the southern part of the Crimean
peninsula. They are a complex combination of small mountain ranges,
rocky ridges and basins. Yalta is spread over three hills on the
seashore in the valleys of two mountain rivers of karst origin -
Uchan-Su (Waterfall) and Derekoika (Fast). Yalta is located in a
spacious natural "amphitheater" - from the land, the city is surrounded
by a semicircle of mountains: to the north and northwest is the Yalta
Yaila with the mountains Kemal-Egerek (1530 m), Jady-Burun (1423 m),
Lapata (1406 m), Endek (1358 m) and others; to the north-east of it, a
spur of the Nikitskaya Yaila with the peak of Avinda (1473 m) departs,
gradually descending to the sea, it ends with Cape Nikitsky (Maryan); to
the west and south-west of Yalta rises the cone-shaped mountain Mogabi
(804 m), its southern slope ends at the sea with Cape Ai-Todor, as well
as Ai-Petrinsky yayla with mountains Roka (1349 m) and Ai-Petri (1234
m). In the city itself, Darsan Hill rises, and next to it is the Hill of
Glory. Further, behind the hills, the Iograf spur begins.
Many
parks have been created in Big Yalta, the most famous of them are
Livadia and Vorontsovsky. The well-known walking Tsar's path also begins
in Livadia Park. The attention of tourists is attracted by the Botkin
trail leading from Yalta to the Stavri-Kaya rock, and the Shtangeevskaya
trail rising from the Uchan-Su waterfall to the Ai-Petri Yayla. The
parks of Kharaksky, Gurzufsky, Cypress, Miskhorsky, Massandrovsky,
Forossky and Primorsky (in Yalta itself), Lower Oreanda, Melas and
Chair, which were created on the basis of the nature of the southern
coastal forest with extensive use of foreign ornamental plants, are also
noteworthy for city guests.
On the territory of Greater Yalta is
the Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve.
Yalta is conditionally divided by the Darsan hill into 2 areas - into
eastern and western Yalta, that is, in the region of the Bystraya and
Vodopadnaya rivers, respectively, while the Darsan hill itself belongs
to eastern Yalta, and the embankment to western Yalta.
Western
Yalta
The most elite and warmest microdistrict of Yalta is Primorsky
Park.
Main streets: Kommunarov, Parkovy proezd.
To the
west of Primorsky Park is the Tea Hill microdistrict.
Main
streets: Sechenov, Pine, Dostoevsky, Krasnoarmeyskaya, Blucher,
Griboedov, Suvorovskaya, Livadiyskaya, Builders, Shcherbak, Gorky,
Tavricheskaya, Volodarsky, Balaklavskaya.
To the north of the
"Tea Hill" are the residential districts "Avangard" (to the south of the
Vodopadnaya river), "Spartak" (to the north of the Vodopadnaya river)
and "Chekhovo" (to the north of the Vodopadnaya river and to the west of
"Spartak").
Main streets: Biryukova, Pionerskaya, Kuchera,
Pirogovskaya, Yana Bulevsky;
Marshak, Lomonosov, Kotelnikov,
Sokhan;
Kirov, Bogdanovich, Museum, River, Voroshilov, Jan
Tarvatsky, Bolshevik.
To the north of the microdistrict
"Avangard" is the 10th microdistrict.
Main streets: Timiryazev,
Krupskaya, Red Partizans, Shchors, Khalturin, Chernov, Furman,
Grigoriev.
South-east of the 10th microdistrict is "Embankment".
Main streets: Sevastopolskaya, Gogol, Botkinskaya, Pushkinskaya,
Tolyatti, Chekhov, Roosevelt, Ignatenko, Ekaterininskaya, Morskaya, Karl
Marx.
Eastern Yalta
To the north of the embankment is the
Darsan microdistrict and even to the north of it the Yeni-Derekoi
microdistrict.
Main streets: Miskhorskaya, Orekhovaya,
Leningradskaya, Naydenova, Rabochaya, Voykova, Darsanovskaya,
Verkhnedarsanovskaya, Sredne-Darsanovskaya, Nizhnedarsanovskaya,
Veteranovskaya.
To the east of Darsan is the microdistrict
"Vegetable Market" or "Central Market".
Main streets: Kyiv,
Moscowskaya, Dzerzhinsky, Krivoshty, Sadovaya, Spendiarov, Rudansky.
To the north of the "Vegetable Market" is the microdistrict
"Vasilyevka".
Main streets: Izobilnaya, Dmitry Ulyanov, Adamanov,
Kazantsev, Gornaya, Subkhi, Repina, Yalyboyskaya, Jafer Seydamet,
Prosmushkins, Donskaya.
To the east of the Vegetable Market is
the Druzhba microdistrict.
Main streets: Mukhina, Sverdlova,
Basseynaya, Polikurovskaya, Nagornaya.
To the south of Druzhba is
the Drazhinsky microdistrict.
Main streets: Drazhinskogo,
Massandrovskaya, Tolstoy, Danchenko, Verkhne-Slobodskaya,
Sredne-Slobodskaya, Nizhne-Slobodskaya, Tourists Highway.
Natural
resources
Among all the resources of Yalta, recreational ones play
the most important role. An important therapeutic and climatic resource
of Greater Yalta are the reserves: Yalta mountain-forest (area 14.5
thousand hectares), Cape Martyan (area 240 hectares), Crimean natural.
The importance of landscape art monuments of state and local importance
(415 hectares), local parks and squares (1472 hectares). The largest
parks in Yalta are Massandrovsky, Livadia, Miskhorsky, Alupkinsky.
Yalta is located approximately at the same geographical latitude as the famous Italian cities of Genoa and Ravenna. The city is located in the center of the southern coast of Crimea and is one of the warmest places on the peninsula. The sun shines here on average 2250 hours a year, which is about the same as in Sochi. The climate of Yalta is Mediterranean up to a height of 300 meters above sea level; above this level, average January temperatures fall below 2°C and the vegetation gradually loses its subtropical character. It is characterized by mild and rainy winters, cool springs, hot and long summers, and long warm autumns. The combination of a warm, non-freezing sea and the Crimean Mountains, which rise like a wall in the path of cold winds, plays the most important role. Air humidity in Yalta is low (average 70%), which determines the nature of the vegetation and is reflected in the medical profile of the resort. The average annual rainfall is 609 mm. Average wind speed = 1.9 m/s. According to the USDA hardiness zone, Yalta confidently stays in zone 9a. Average annual temperature = +14.3 °C. The average temperature in July is +25.2°C, in August +25.7°C, the average temperature in January is +4.8°C, in frosty winters, with the invasion of a cold Arctic cyclone or Siberian anticyclone, the temperature can drop to -10°C and below . At the same time, there are often really warm, sunny days even in January, when the thermometer shows +20 °C. January 2006 was abnormally cold for Yalta: the temperature dropped to -10.2 °C.
The beaches of Yalta, created by nature, were gradually destroyed due
to strong landslides. Only closer to the middle of the 20th century did
people undertake to stop landslides and create beautiful, comfortable
beaches. Retaining walls were erected to balance the load of the slopes;
trenches were dug in the seabed, which were covered with stone. Floating
cranes installed hundred-ton groins, between which lay millions of cubic
meters of rubble. Having polished it, the sea completed the work of the
builders. Artificial beaches are now being created even in places that
until recently were considered completely unsuitable for swimming. Now,
on both sides of Yalta, from the west and from the east, the place of
uncomfortable landslide cliffs has been occupied by neat beaches.
As of autumn 2014, almost all the beaches are deep, pebbly, not very
suitable for bathing small children, but with very clear water. As a
rule, they are supported by a concrete embankment, into which concrete
breakwaters are poured.
There are also beaches of sanatoriums and
boarding houses, which today are also open to everyone. "Therapeutic
Beach", "Sunny Beach", the beach "named after Maurice Thorez", the beach
of the hotel "Yalta", the beach of the sanatorium "Gorny", the beach of
the sanatorium "Ai-Petri". The beach of the hotel "Levant" in the
Seaside Park, which is located next to the mineral spring "Buvet". The
beaches of Yalta are separated by buns.
A separate place is also
occupied by tiny beaches formed from ledges on the embankment. In small
areas it is not possible to provide a high level of service, however,
wherever possible, pebbles are poured, and in the “high” season they are
all, as a rule, crowded with vacationers.
Almost all the beaches
of Yalta have a high level of service, equipped with toilets, showers,
many retail outlets, cafes and even massage rooms. Almost everywhere
there are water attractions, rental of sun loungers, umbrellas and even
water transport. At the same time, the beaches of Crimea also have a lot
of disadvantages - frequent inconvenience, the presence of garbage, too
high occupancy by vacationers (that is, the lack of the beaches
themselves). In all these parameters, the beaches of Yalta are inferior
to European and many others. The length of the beaches of Big Yalta is
59 km, their area is 600 thousand m².
The prestigious Blue Flag
world award in Yalta in different years was received by: Massandrovsky
Beach - the most comfortable and clean beach, the first owner of this
award in the CIS, the beach of the Yalta-Intourist hotel, as well as the
beach of the Livadia sanatorium. "Massandra Beach" in 2012 received the
"Blue Flag" award for the third time.
In total, about 2,000 plant species grow on the territory of the
Yalta Reserve. The slopes of Yalta are covered with juniper-oak forests
and moderately subtropical shrubs. The abundance of both local and
foreign species of evergreens makes the forests attractive in all
seasons. They are based on Scotch pine (grows on yaila) and Crimean pine
(grows lower), but along with them there are: juniper, oak, Steven's
maple, downy oak, sessile oak, aspen, beech, cedar, hornbeam, birch
bark, dogwood, yew , rowan, pear and many other trees and shrubs. Exotic
plants also include those so familiar to the South Coast: cypress,
magnolia, wisteria, fan palm, needle, Lankaran acacia, noble laurel,
ash, skumpia, fir, sycamore, fig, pomegranate, agave, prickly pear. The
flora of the mountainous Crimea has 672 species and 472 genera, common
with the flora of the island of Corsica. Mediterranean species include
high juniper, Crimean pine, downy oak, wild pistachio, small-fruited
strawberry and many others. Many of the Mediterranean plants have gone
wild and are self-propagating. In Yalta there are beautiful forests,
tracts, gorges in the upper reaches of the rivers (Uch-Kosh, Kizil-Kaya,
etc.).
The peculiarity of the Crimean flora is also in its
saturation with alien plant species and in the continuous vegetation of
many plants, when the last flowers of autumn are immediately followed by
spring ones. In winter, needles bloom in juniper forests, in January
galanthus blooms, in February snowdrops, then almonds, crimson, apricot
and peach trees bloom.
The southern coastal forests play an
extremely important soil and water protection role, and therefore are
declared protected areas. A natural remnant (relic) of more ancient
Mediterranean vegetation is located at Cape Martyan. This is a juniper
grove, which since 1973 has been a nature reserve called "Cape Martyan".
The city of Yalta itself is distinguished by an abundance of greenery,
especially its old part, which from a bird's eye view seems to be a
continuous green park interspersed with houses.
164 species of
plants of the Crimea and, in particular, Yalta are listed in the Red
Book of Russia. Among them are such species of the South Coast as: high
juniper, sublingual needle, small-fruited strawberry, yew berry,
two-flowered tulip, narrow-leaved crocus, Kuznetsov's cyclamen,
fine-leaved peony and others. Like the Red Book, lists of rare and
endangered ecosystems that require special protection are compiled
today.
The fauna of the southern coast of Crimea is insular in
nature and is close to the Mediterranean type. There are no large
animals on the southern coast of Crimea. Typical (for Crimea)
representatives of the animal world prevail: Crimean red deer, roe deer,
mountain sheep-mouflon, stone marten, badger, teleutka squirrel
(introduced in 1947), wild boar, marten, weasel, fox, hare, hedgehog,
shrew , bat. Reptiles are not numerous - no one is larger than the
legless yellowbell. Only two species of snakes live - water and
ordinary. Occasionally there are also other reptiles - yellow-bellied
snake, leopard snake, Crimean copperhead gecko, but they are not
poisonous. The southern coast is characterized by a small weak night
lizard from the family of geckos - the “danilevsky bare-toed gecko”
(Gymnodactylus Danilewskii Str.). It lives in small numbers in the
cracks of walls, cellars and cellars. Amphibians stand out - green toad,
tree and edible frogs, newt.
Invertebrates are mainly represented
by Mediterranean forms. There are many cicadas, praying mantises,
mosquitoes, centipedes, Crimean scorpions, endemic Crimean ground
beetles. Sometimes you can meet a large oleander hawk moth. Many pests
also live in the conditions of the Yalta climate, such as: apple codling
moth, silkworms, various weevils. The pests of vineyards include: grape
flat nose, bunch leafworm, Crimean wingless grasshopper and others.
There are relatively few birds, mountain buntings are common, swifts,
city swallows, blue tit tits, crossbills, kinglets, mountain buntings
and also a hobby falcon nest on the slopes; on the seaside cliffs there
are colonies of great cormorants, less often clovers and gulls-gulls.
There are vultures.
Due to the relatively high concentration of
hydrogen sulfide in the deep waters of the Black Sea, all the life of
the sea is mainly concentrated in the upper layers of the water. In
summer, jellyfish accumulate near the coast, such as Aurelia aurita,
rhizostoma pulmo and others. In the Black Sea, 180 species of fish are
known, of which about
40 - commercial. Off the coast of Yalta
they catch: anchovy, mullet, gobies, horse mackerel, flounder, bonito,
red mullet and others. Occasionally there are gurnards. The katran shark
is found in the Black Sea, but it does not attack people. Of the mammals
off the coast, you can see dolphins, which are toothed whales. They live
in the open sea, go in schools, avoid shallow water, do not like muddy
water. Of the aquatic inhabitants, one can also note the freshwater
crab, found under stones in some rivers of the Crimea (for example,
Uchan-su). They also live under rocks on the seashore. Since 1966,
dolphin fishing in the Black Sea has been prohibited.
More than
200 species of various algae also grow in the Black Sea - brown, red,
green, blue-green.
The ecological situation of Yalta is characterized by a number of
problems.
The traffic load on the main highways of Yalta in the
summer in the daytime is 900-1600 units per hour. In winter, large
sources of emissions into the atmosphere are boilers, as the process of
their concentration and modernization of treatment systems is slow. Only
in Yalta there are more than 200 of them: along the coast and in low
places the city of Alupka, Simeiz, Foros, Koreiz, Gaspra is 3-7 times
higher than the MAC.
The maximum concentrations of carbon monoxide on
the Simferopol highways reach 6 MPC, on the Yalta highways - 3.5 MPC,
which may be due to the use of low-quality fuel. In connection with the
unsatisfactory solution of issues of atmospheric air protection, water
supply and sewerage, the Crimean Sanitary and Epidemiological Service
rejected in 1998 from approval 36 out of 308 considered projects for the
allocation of land plots for the construction of facilities (11.7%), 64
construction projects out of 395 submitted (16.2 %).
The share of
emissions from vehicles, which in Yalta (as well as in Simferopol) is up
to 90% of the total.
According to experts dated December 23, 2011, in
Yalta, the average concentration of benzpyrene is almost twice the norm,
which allows Yalta to be classified as a city with a poor environmental
condition.
In mid-March 2012, the European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development allocated UAH 10 million to modernize the Yalta sewerage
system and prevent the discharge of untreated sewage into the Black Sea.
Despite this, the treatment facilities of Yalta, as of July 2013, are in
very poor condition. In this regard, sewage periodically gets into the
water near the beaches adjacent to the port area, including Massandra
Beach.
In April 2012, the problem of poor garbage collection from the
streets of Yalta was raised. Since the authorities do not provide the
proper level of street cleaning, Yalta residents had to clean up the
garbage on their own for several subbotniks.
In September 2012, they
returned to the issue of holding subbotniks. Yalta residents will start
cleaning the city on Saturdays starting from October 2012 until the city
is put in order.