Tver region is located in Central Russia.
In the southwest, it
borders on the Smolensk region, in the west - on the Pskov region, in
the north - on the Novgorod region, in the northeast - on the Vologda
region, in the east - on the Yaroslavl region, and in the southeast - on
the Moscow region.
The Tver region occupies a convenient
geographical position, as the closest territory to the metropolitan
metropolis and Sheremetyevo airports, and is a historically established
system of resorts of the widest medical and recreational profile, as
well as tourist areas with a highly developed tourist infrastructure.
The Tver region was formed as the territory of the ancient trade
routes "From the Varangians to the Greeks" and "From the Varangians to
the Arabs", and later as the territory between the two capitals and, as
a result, it has the richest historical, cultural, and architectural
components. At the same time, even today the region performs transit
functions, linking the main tourist centers of central Russia: Moscow
and St. Petersburg, the Golden Ring, Vologda, Pskov and Veliky Novgorod.
Thanks to this, combined with low population density and magnificent
nature, the Tver region is a recognized center of tourism, which is
visited annually by more than 1,100 thousand tourists for sightseeing,
recreational, medical and business purposes. Pilgrimage tourism is
actively developing. Experts estimate the transit tourist flow through
the region at the level of 900 thousand people a year.
The Committee for Tourism, Resorts and
International Relations of the Tver Region has created an information
portal about tourism in the Tver Region with an almost exhaustive list
of hotels, cafes and restaurants, attractions and other information
useful for tourists
On the territory of the Tver region there
are:
Information Center of the Tver Region, Address: Tver, st.
Simeonovskaya, 30/37, tel.: 34-71-63
Information and Educational
Center "Tverd", Tver, Universitetsky lane, 9. Tel: 8-915-714-06-38;
8-910-646-94-42. E-mail: putnictorzok@yandex.ru
Tourist information
center of the Tver region. Address: Tver, st. Ordzhonikidze, 21, of.
311. Tel.: +7 (4822) 34-70-75, 34-70-16, 33-92-77, 33-95-67,
+7-910-646-23-65. E-mail: itctver@mail.ru, tverizdat@mail.ru.
The largest region in Central Russia, heterogeneous in historical and
transport terms, located at the junction of the Russian Center, North
and West, is divided into a number of more integral regions:
Tver
Upper Volga
Zubtsovsky, Kalininsky, Kalyazinsky, Kashinsky, Kimrsky,
Konakovsky, Rzhevsky, Staritsky and Torzhoksky districts
The Tver
Upper Volga region is the core of the Tver land, the richest in sights
and the most visited part of the region.
Seliger and Tver
Poozerye
Bologovsky, Vyshnevolotsky, Kuvshinovsky, Ostashkovsky,
Penovsky, Selizharovsky, Spirovsky, Udomelsky and Firovsky districts
Seliger and Tver Poozerye - the northern part of the region, the
vicinity of Lake Seliger and the city of Vyshny Volochek.
Toropetsky region
Andreapolsky, Belsky, Zharkovsky, Zapadnodvinsky,
Nelidovsky, Oleninsky and Toropetsky districts
Toropetsky Krai - the
western part of the region; a sparsely populated region that was not
previously part of the Tver region.
Bezhetskiy top
Bezhetsky,
Vesyegonsky, Krasnokholmsky, Sonkovsky, Kesovogorsky, Lesnoy,
Likhoslavl, Maksatikhinsky, Molokovsky, Rameshkovsky, Sandovsky
districts
Bezhetskiy Verkh is the north-east of the region.
Surroundings of the cities of Bezhetsk and Likhoslavl.
Tver is the administrative center of the
region, located on the Volga River. Center of excursion tourism. The
city was built according to a regular plan, repeating the layout of St.
Petersburg. For the similarity of style and layout, it received the name
"Little Peter on the Volga" among residents and guests.
Vyshny
Volochek - got its name from the uppermost portage on the ancient
waterway from the Baltic to the Caspian Sea "The Way from the Varangians
to the Arabs". The first hydrotechnical system in Russia was created
here. The city stands on a system of canals and islands. It is popular
as a tourist attraction for those traveling between St. Petersburg and
Moscow.
Kalyazin is the gate of the Tver
region from the side of the Golden Ring, located on the Volga River. The
symbol of the city is the bell tower of the Nicholas Cathedral standing
in the waters of the river.
Kashin is an
ancient city and one of the oldest balneological resorts in Russia,
founded in the 19th century.
Ostashkov is an
ancient city on Lake Seliger, the center of this tourist region. It
attracts tourists with numerous small hotels and with its peculiar
appearance and location on the shore of the lake. Seliger.
Rzhev is a city of military glory. The
battle for Rzhev is one of the longest and bloodiest in the history of
the Great Patriotic War. Museums and preserved objects of the city's
defense lines in its vicinity tell about the military history of the
city.
Staritsa is an old well-preserved city on the Volga. Becomes a
popular tourist destination. Known as a center for the extraction of
white stone - limestone. Quarries - Staritsa caves are actively visited
by amateur tourists.
Torzhok is an outpost of
Veliky Novgorod on the southeastern borders. An ancient trading city, a
well-known tourist center with numerous museums and hotels.
Borisoglebsky Monastery is located in Torzhok - one of the oldest
monasteries in Russia, founded in 1038.
Toropets
was once the capital of the independent Toropets principality. First
mentioned in 1074. It has preserved numerous monuments of history and
architecture and its historical appearance. It is actively developing as
a tourist center.
Lake Seliger
Vyshnevolotsk hydraulic system
Biostation Chisty Les is a
rehabilitation center for orphaned bear cubs
The Vasilevo Estate is
an ethnographic museum, an architectural and artistic ensemble of the
late 18th - early 19th centuries. Located near the M10 highway between
Torzhok and Vyshny Volochok.
The Tver region is located in the northwestern part of Russia. This
is one of the largest areas in the European part of the country. Its
territory is 84.1 thousand sq. km. From west to east, the Tver region
stretches for more than 450 kilometers, and from north to south for
about 350 kilometers. The regional center is the city of Tver. The Tver
region is rich in its sights.
Church of the Nativity of the
Virgin in the village of Gorodnya, Tver Region - an architectural
monument. The church was built in two phases. The lower part - the
basement, in which the church was also once located - was built in the
70-80s of the 14th century, the main part in the first half of the 15th
century. Much later, in 1740, a wide low refectory and a spherical bell
tower were added to the church, made in the traditions of the 17th
century.
The Imperial Travel Palace in Tver - an architectural
monument - the creation of M.F. Kazakov. It is one of the main
attractions of the city. Erected in 1764-1777, the palace was partially
modified in 1809 by another brilliant architect K.I. Russia. The travel
palace was intended for the rest of the members of the royal family and
retinue when moving from St. Petersburg to Moscow (hence the name).
The Church of the White Trinity in Tver is the oldest temple of all
preserved in the territory of Tver. The church was built at the expense
of the Moscow merchant G.A. Tushinsky and Tver merchant P.D. Lapin. It
was consecrated on August 15, 1564. The White Trinity Church belonged to
the Trinity-Sergius Monastery and, according to legend, its name
indicates that it did not pay taxes to the local bishop, that is, it was
"white". Its height, together with the dome and the cross, is 27.7 m.
Lake Seliger is the pearl of the Tver region. The largest tourist
center. Landmark of the whole Tver region. It is a system of lakes of
glacial origin. The area of Lake Seliger is 259.7 sq. km. The area of
the entire basin is 2275 sq. km. There are more than 160 islands on
Seliger, the largest of which is Khachin Island. More than 30 species of
fish live in Lake Seliger (smelt, bream, pike, pike perch, burbot, eel
and others).
Staritskiy Uspenskiy Monastery,
Tver Region, is an outstanding architectural ensemble. Previously, this
place was the Staritsky Kremlin. The Holy Assumption Monastery includes
a white-stone Assumption Cathedral (1530), a two-story stone building
(1530s), a gate church in the name of St. John the Theologian (1694),
the Church of the Introduction (1570) - was built by Ivanov the
Terrible, the Trinity Church (1819) - was built at the expense of Major
General Alexei Timofeevich Tutolmin, a chapel with a font in the name of
George the Victorious, a mausoleum - tomb of I.F. Glebov (1707-1774).
Kalyazin - attractions The bell tower in Kalyazin, Tver region,
located in the water and protruding 71 meters above its level. In the
12th century, there was an ancient Novgorod settlement on this site, and
later the monastery of Nikola on Zhabna. In 1238, Nikola on Zhabna was
burned by the Tatar-Mongols. After that, it was repeatedly restored and
destroyed. In 1694, a stone cathedral appeared in the central part, and
then the current bell tower. The buildings stood until 1937. In
connection with the construction of the navigable canal named after
Moscow and the partial flooding of the city, the cathedral was
dismantled, and the bell tower was left as an architectural monument, a
landmark of the entire Tver region.
Nilo-Stolobenskaya Hermitage
(Nilov
Monastery) is a male monastery located in the Tver region on Lake
Seliger, 10 kilometers from Ostashkov, or rather on Stolobny Island and
partly on Svetlitsa Island. The heyday of the monastery falls on the
17th-19th centuries. Most of the temples and other buildings were built
during this time.
The Znamenskoye-Raek estate is a fine example
of Russian classical architecture in the Tver region (50 km from Tver).
Residential and office buildings were built by St. Petersburg and
Novotorzhsky craftsmen in 1787-1797. designed by the largest Russian
architect N.A. Lvov. The estate in the 18th century belonged to the
landowners Glebov-Streshnev.
Bortenevsky field, where in 1317 the
army of the Tver prince met in battle with the combined army of the
Golden Horde and the Moscow prince.
The Tver region is located between Moscow and St. Petersburg, the
main transport flows go to it from there. Communication with other
neighboring regions is noticeably worse, especially by public transport,
but in principle it exists.
By plane
There are no airports
accepting civil passenger flights in the region. Moscow airports are
relatively close, and St. Petersburg can be convenient. From there it
will be necessary to go by land.
On the ship
It is now
impossible to get into the Tver region by scheduled water transport, but
tourist shipping on the Volga has been preserved. From Moscow there are
boats to Tver, Kimry and Kalyazin. Stops in them can also be part of a
cruise to St. Petersburg or along the Volga.
By train
The railway in one way or another covers almost all the
cities and districts of the region, but it is difficult to call this
network dense - in the general case, there is no direct railway route
between two neighboring cities. There is also a strictly opposite
situation, for example, between Torzhok and Staritsa, trains are the
only public transport, and from Kimry to Kalyazin or from Ostashkov to
Toropets, you will have to make a significant detour even along roads.
Another problem with trains is the extremely low number of flights on
most lines. On the main course of the Oktyabrskaya railway
(Zavidovo-Tver-Vyshny Volochek-Bologoye), trains are faster than buses
traveling along the same route, and on deaf and distant lines they can
be much slower.
There are no intra-regional long-distance trains
in the Tver region (although some formally suburban trains travel a
considerable distance), as a rule, it is not advisable to travel inside
the region on passing long-distance trains. Suburban express trains are
available only from Tver towards Moscow. The fare in ordinary trains is
per kilometer, 2.4 rubles. per kilometer, but not less than 24.2 rubles.
per trip (2016), there are no benefits for students for a single trip.
Suburban ticket offices are available only at a few major stations; in
other cases, a ticket must be taken from the conductor on the train. The
trains themselves are usually a locomotive with several cars from a
distant train, but there are also rail buses, and on the main course,
ordinary electric trains.
Practically on all railway lines of the
Tver region, various rare infrastructure facilities have been preserved,
be it, for example, old railway stations or hand switches. Imagine also
the forests, fields, historical cities and remote villages through which
these lines pass - and it becomes clear why at least two of them,
Savelovskaya and Bologoe-Polotskaya, are cult among transport fans. The
peak of meditativeness is the Zemtsy-Zharkovsky line, where trains move
at an average speed of 14 km/h. On the railway between Moscow and St.
Petersburg, the speeds are completely different, but there is more than
enough history there, and this is the history of the first railway line
in Russia.
By bus
In the Tver region, there are two different
networks of bus routes: scheduled and "custom" under the brand
"Autoexpress", the latter are more common. The first of them often uses
old bus stations, the second has its own stops and ticket offices. All
Autoexpress buses are present in different online systems and tickets
for them can be bought online, but some regular buses (especially in the
direction from the region to Tver, or between cities in the region) may
not be available online.
Almost the entire route network closes
to Tver and Moscow. The most notable exception here is the city of
Nelidovo, where routes from almost the entire west of the region
converge - but in fact, also to connect with buses to Tver and Moscow.
As of 2020, the frequency of flights has greatly decreased compared
to past times. On weekends, tickets must be purchased in advance.
On the territory of the Tver region, unique and characteristic only
for these places folk crafts developed, the most interesting of which
are:
Torzhok gold embroidery - sewing with gold and silver thread
on fabric and leather. In Torzhok there is a gold embroidery factory
with an exhibition hall and a souvenir shop. Gold embroidery and
products from it are the hallmark of the Tver region. Initially, the
gold embroidery industry developed in Staritsa, but since the 16th
century, the center of its production began to move to Torzhok, which by
that time had become a major trading and transit center
Kalyazin
bobbin lace - voluminous lace made of woolen and cotton thread has
traditionally been made in Kalyazin since the 14th century. Today in
Kalyazin, at the house of folk art, there is a museum, a workshop and a
sale of souvenirs.
Kalyazin embroidery on felt is embodied in
beautiful felt boots with multi-colored patterns and pictures. By order
of the master from Torzhok, felt boots are embroidered with gold thread.
Kimry patchwork - figurines and dolls, wall panels and entire carpets
from multi-colored patches are traditionally made in Kimry. Now the
production of these interesting and unusual souvenirs is carried out in
the House of Crafts under the district administration. There is also an
exhibition and sale of souvenirs.
Tver wooden toy - produced at the
Tver factory and is the hallmark of the city of Tver.
The most developed nightlife is in Tver. There are about 15
nightclubs of various kinds operating here, incl. with bowling centers,
billiard rooms, bars, restaurants and dance areas. The most famous
places are nightclubs: 80s Disco, Mirror, Remix - 90s, Megapolis. The
direction of parties a la 80-90 years is very popular in the city. And
thanks to this, guests from Moscow willingly come to Tver for the
weekend to shake the old days and remember the youth. The city has a
large number of restaurants, both traditional Russian and various
European and exotic cuisines. Among the most famous and highest quality
restaurants, it is worth noting: Oasis, Culture, Osnabrück. At the same
time, prices in Tver are 20-40% lower than in Moscow with a comparable
level of service and quality. There are more than 50 cafes and coffee
shops. Town stands out among them - perhaps the most youth-party place
and the nearby Art coffee house - a meeting place for Tver bohemia and
those who joined them, there is a permanent exhibition of Tver artists,
theme evenings are held here.
The entertainment infrastructure is
rapidly developing in Torzhok and Vyshny Volochek. This is due to the
fact that tourists traveling between St. Petersburg and Moscow stop in
these cities. Accordingly, these cities can boast of two or three
nightclubs and a dozen restaurants and cafes of various levels. Zeus in
Torzhok and the Shanson restaurant in Vyshny Volochek are worth
highlighting among the most interesting places.
The Tver region is located in the west of the middle part of the East European Plain. It stretches for 260 km from north to south and for 450 km from west to east. The area of the region is 84,201 km², which is slightly larger than the territory of the Leningrad Region. The distance from the ring road of Moscow to the border of the region is 90 km.
The surface is mostly flat, in the west - the Valdai Upland, in the east the Mologo-Sheksninskaya lowland, in the extreme west - the Ploskoshskaya lowland, in the center the Tver moraine ridge. The highest point ("Top of Valdai") - 346.9 m - near the village of Pochinok, Firovsky district. The lowest point - 61 m - is the bank of the Kunya River in the Toropetsky district on the border with the Novgorod region.
The region is poor in minerals. In the bowels of the region there are
layers of brown coal of the Moscow region coal basin. The largest
deposit is Bolshoe Nelidovskoye, which produced about 21 million tons of
solid fuel from 1948 to 1996.
Thick peat deposits with a total
volume of 15.4 billion m³ are widespread in the flat areas. The
calculated peat reserves are 2051 million tons (about 7% of the reserves
of the European part of Russia). On an industrial scale, 43 peat
deposits with a total area of about 300 thousand hectares have been
developed, the main exploited reserves are concentrated in five deposits
located in the central and southern parts of the region. From 1971 to
1999, more than 44 million tons of fuel peat were developed.
Limestones are widespread, there are deposits of fusible and refractory
clays and quartz sand, sapropels, underground fresh and mineral water
layers, open sources are numerous (the most famous is Kashinskaya
medicinal table water).
Climate
The climate of the entire Tver region is temperate continental (according to Alisov), temperate continental humid with warm summers, Dfb (according to Koeppen), but due to the rather large extent of the region from southwest to northeast, the continentality of the climate is growing and the climate of the region varies quite a lot. Average temperatures in January vary from -6 °C in the southwest to -10 °C in the northeast, and in July from +17 to +19 °C, respectively.
There are over 800 rivers on the territory of the region with a total
length of about 17,000 km. The longest and main river is the Volga (685
km). Its source is in the Ostashkovsky district. Also, other rivers are
especially significant in the region: the Western Dvina (262 km), Vazuza
(162 km), Tvertsa (188 km), Medveditsa (269 km), Mologa (280 km) and
Mezha (259 km). The watershed of the Caspian and Baltic Seas passes
through the territory of the region.
The region has 1,769 lakes
(1.4% of the territory), including Lake Seliger (259.7 km²), Upper Volga
Lakes, Velikoye, Verestovo, Piros and Shlino. The maximum amount of
lakes is in the west and north-west of the region. The deepest lakes of
the region (evolutionary) are Brosno (41.5 m) and Dolosets (41 m),
Kaftino (39 m).
The largest reservoirs in the region are:
Verkhnevolzhskoye, Ivankovskoye, Uglichskoye and Rybinskoye, located on
the Volga; Vazuzskoe and Vyshnevolotskoe on smaller rivers.
Soils on the territory of the region are predominantly sandy loamy (and in some places clayey) soddy-podzolic, a large massif of the Orshinsky swamp (Kalinin district) is rich in peat-bog soils, found in areas throughout the region. The most fertile lands are located in the east of the region (Kashinsky, Kalyazinsky districts).
The region is located in the forest zone, in the subzone of the
southern taiga, turning into broad-leaved forests in the northwest and
pine forests in the northern and southwestern parts.
Forests in
the Tver region occupy a little more than half of its territory. Forest
cover is 54%.
The largest area is occupied by mixed forests -
2,482,724.03 ha, which is 29.5% of the total area of the region. The
area of broad-leaved forests is 1,592,866.19 ha (18.9%). The area of
light coniferous forests is 453,800.01 ha (5.4%). The smallest area
falls on dark coniferous forests - 21,228.11 ha (0.25%). Treeless
territories - 3,869,482.0 ha (2010).
The total wood reserves in
the region are 658 million m³. Mature forest reserves are estimated at
147.8 million m³, including resources intended for exploitation - about
100 million m³. The allowable cut is set at 6.2 million m³/year, the
volume of logging is about 34% of the cut (2003).
Bogs occupy
about 7% of the total area of the region.
In 2002, the Red Book
of the Tver Region was published, edited by A. S. Sorokin. The second
edition came out in 2016.
The largest nature protection object is the Central Forest Reserve on
the territory of the Nelidovsky and Andreapolsky districts, with a
protected area of 46,061 hectares.
There are Zavidovsky
Scientific and Experimental Reserve, 202 nature reserves (including 168
protected swamps), 252 natural monuments (including 78 ancient parks),
35 forest complexes, 18 lakes and other single objects are protected.
The residence of the President of Russia is located in the Zavidovo
State Natural Complex. Since November 2006, together with employees of
the Federal Security Service of Russia, round-the-clock service in the
presidential residence has been carried out by employees of the OMON
"Bars" of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Tver Region.
State of the environment
The centers of pollution are the cities
with the chemical industry: Torzhok and Nelidovo. Radioactive waste is
placed on the territory of the military unit in the village of Migalovo.
On January 29, 1935, the Kalinin region was formed from parts of the
Western, Leningrad and Moscow regions.
On February 5, 1935,
Velikoluksky District was formed as part of the Kalinin Region.
On
March 5, 1935, the Mednovsky, Kushalinsky and Firovsky districts were
formed.
March 20, 1936 Chertolinsky district was renamed
Molodotudsky.
On May 11, 1937, the Opochetsky district was formed.
On July 8, 1937, the Karelian National District was formed.
July 9,
1937 Velikoluksky district was abolished.
On February 7, 1939, the
Karelian National District was abolished.
On April 26, 1940, the
Vesyegonsky district was abolished.
On February 5, 1941, the
Opochetsky District was abolished.
On July 5, 1944, the Kholmsky
district was transferred to the newly formed Novgorod region.
On
August 22, 1944, the cities of Velikiye Luki, Bezhanitsky, Velikoluksky,
Idritsky, Krasnogorodsky, Kudeversky, Kuninsky, Leninsky, Loknyansky,
Nevelsky, Nelidovsky, Novosokolnichsky, Oktyabrsky, Opochetsky,
Penovsky, Ploskoshsky, Pustoshkinsky, Sebezhsky, Seryozhinsky ,
Toropetsky districts.
On August 23, 1944, Ashevsky, Novorzhevsky,
Pushkinogorsky districts were listed as part of the newly formed Pskov
region.
On March 3, 1949, the Vesyegonsk region was restored.
On
September 22, 1956, the city of Dubna was listed as part of the Moscow
Region.
On October 2, 1957, when the Velikoluksky region was
abolished, Belsky, Zharkovsky, Ilyinsky, Leninsky, Nelidovsky,
Oktyabrsky, Penovsky, Serezhinsky, Toropetsky districts were transferred
to the Kalinin region.
On February 20, 1958, the working settlement
of Ivankovo was listed as part of the Moscow Region.
On July 29,
1958, the Ploskoshsky District was transferred from the Pskov Region to
the Kalinin Region.
On August 22, 1958, the Yesenovichsky and
Molodotudsky districts were abolished.
On October 22, 1959, the
Orshinsky district was abolished.
On January 12, 1960, the
Zharkovsky, Ilyinsky, Ploskoshsky and Seryozhinsky districts were
abolished.
On November 14, 1960, the Brusovsky, Lukovnikovsky,
Zavidovsky and Pogorelsky districts were abolished.
On February 1,
1963, in accordance with the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet of the RSFSR, Sonkovsky, Udomelsky, Sandovsky, Firovsky,
Oktyabrsky, Konakovsky, Turginovsky, Kesovogorsky, Kalyazinsky,
Molokovsky, Lesnoy, Belsky, Oleninsky, Kirovsky, Penovsky, Goritsky,
Zubtsovsky, Vysokovskiy, Kamensky , Likhoslavl and Leninsky districts.
On March 4, 1964, the Kalyazinsky, Likhoslavl and Oleninsky districts
were restored.
On January 3, 1965, the Belsk and Kesovogorsk regions
were restored.
On January 12, 1965, Andreapolsky, Zubtsovsky,
Konakovsky, Kuvshinovsky, Sandovsky, Selizharovsky, Spirovsky and
Udomelsky districts were formed.
On December 30, 1966, Lesnoy and
Molokovsky districts were formed.
On April 6, 1972, the Firovsky
district was restored.
On December 27, 1973, the Zharkovsky and
Penovsky districts were formed.
In 1983 a birch bark was found in
Tver, in 1985 a birch bark was found in Torzhok.
On July 17,
1990, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the
Kalinin Region was renamed Tver Region. On April 21, 1992, the Congress
of People's Deputies of Russia approved the renaming of the region,
making an appropriate amendment to Art. 71 of the Constitution of the
RSFSR of 1978, which entered into force on May 16, 1992